Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 单词（ppt课件）-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、1.barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才The music was barely audible.音乐声勉强能听见。There was barely any smell.几乎没有什么气味。I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.我刚刚开始讲话，他便打断了我。【拓】bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 bare feet 光脚a bare hill/shelf 光秃秃的山/空无一物的架子【比】hardly,scarcely,barely这些副词均含“几乎不”之意 hardly指接近最低限度，差不多没有多余，

2、强调困难和程度。There is hardly any tea left.没有剩什么茶了。scarcely指不太充分，不太够，不足，不能令人满意，强调数量。We scarcely ever meet.我们难得见一面。barely指仅仅够，一点不多，强调没有多余。2.appointment n.1)约定；约会；预约make/keep an appointment 预约/守约I have an appointment with Dr.Smith,but I want to cancel it now.与.有预约She had an appoinment to paint her nails.她约好

3、去美甲。2)任命；任职；职位He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.（任职）They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman.（任命）【拓】appoint v.1)指定；约定 I was at the appointed place on time.我准时到了约定的地点。We must appoint a day to meet again.我们必须指定下次会面的日子。2)任命；委派 appoint sb(as)sth.任命某人做Mr.Smith has

4、been appointed chairman of the club to take the place of Johnson.appoint sb to sth He has been apponited to the committee.他已被派到委员会任职。appoint sb to do sth 指派某人做某事A nurse was appointed to guard her.一名护士被派来看护她。3.keen adj.1)渴望的；热衷的(eager)We were keen on going to picnic.我们很想去野餐。Hes very keen to see his b

5、irthplace again.他很想再去看看自己出生的地方。2)强烈的；浓烈的a keen reader 热爱读书的人have a keen interest in 对.有强烈兴趣I am not very keen on detective stories.我不太喜欢侦探小说。3)灵敏的；敏锐的She has a keen eye for talent.她慧眼识才。4.make ones/a fortune 发财5.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的(dependable)a reliable friend 可信赖的朋友Our information comes from a re

6、liable source.我们的消息来源可靠。【拓】rely on=depend on/upon=count on/upon=be dependent on As babies,we rely entirely on others for food.（依靠）Dont rely on my seeing you off.（指望）=Dont rely on/upon me to see you off.You may rely on it that he will come to see you.（相信）6.worthwhile adj.值得花时间/精力的1)a worthwhile job 值

7、得做的工作2)We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause.(高尚的事业)3)The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.4)It is worthwhile comparing/to compare prices.（有必要）【notice】worthwhile的主语不能是“事物”,用不定式或动名词作主语均可。worthwhile还可以分开写，在while前加物主代词或定冠词，常用不定式作主语。Its worth our while to discuss the problem.这个问题值得我

8、们讨论。【拓】worth adj.1)be worth sth 值.的The old stamp is worth about 5,000 yuan.2)It is worth visiting the art museum.(值得做.)worthy adj.值得的;有价值的;值得尊敬的 be worthy of+n./being done/to be done7.bless v.祝福 Bless you.(be)blessed with 使有幸得到 I was blessed with a happy childhood.【拓】blessing c.n.幸事 u.n.准许He went wi

9、th his parents blessing.他是得到父母的准许才去的。8.inch c.n.Im five feet six inches tall.我身高5英尺6英寸。The car missed my dog by inches.inch by inch 缓慢地；一点一点地9.outlinen.1)轮廓 2）提纲 She gave me an outline of the lecture.v.概述 The report outlined possible uses for the technology.10.suspect v.1)猜想；怀疑The doctors suspected

10、cancer.She strongly suspected he was lying to her.Shes not going to be very happy about this,I suspect.差点差点2)怀疑（某人有罪）The policeman suspected him of killing a girl.They suspect him of a theft.他们觉得他有偷窃嫌疑。n.嫌疑犯 question a suspectadj.可疑的 a suspect package11.arrest v.逮捕 My brother was arrested for drunk

11、driving.n.逮捕 The police made several arrests.警方逮捕了几个人。He is under arrest.他被捕了。12.wire n.电线v.1)给.打电报;将.连接到He wired us the news.=He wired the news to us.他打电报把这个消息通知了我们。2)给.接上电线/接通电源The washing machine wasnt working because it hadnt been wired(up)properly.洗衣机不转了，因为没有接通电源。3)She was wired(up)to a heart m

12、onitor.她被连上了心脏检测器。【拓】wired adj.联网的 wireless adj.无线的13.criminaladj.刑事的；犯罪的 a criminal record 犯罪记录c.n.罪犯；犯人14.anyhow1)不管怎样不管怎样，可放在句首或句末。前面所说过的某情况并不重要，重要的是下面要说的话。What a terrible experience!Anyhow,youre safe,thats the main thing.多么可怕的经历!但是你现在平安无事，这比什么都好。2)无论如何无论如何;不管以什么方式，可放在句首或句末。Anyhow,I will see you

13、tonight.无论如何，今天晚上我要见你。3)反正反正(=anyway)Theres nothing to eat.Anyhow,Im not really hungry.15.innocentadj.1)无辜的；无罪的【反：guilty】He is innocent of the crime.2)天真的；单纯的 an innocent face【拓】innocence u.n.无辜；无罪 innocently adv.天真地16.legaladj.1)法律的 legal problems 2)合法的；法定的【反：illegal】a legal/bank holiday 法定节假日17.pr

14、inciple n.1)原理；原则The principle behind it is very simple.其中的原理十分简单。2)道德准则；行为准则a man of principleStick to your principles and tell him you wont do it.I refuse to lie about it;its against my principles.Shed never ask to borrow money,on principle.She refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter o

15、f principle.她不要家人帮忙，对她来说这是个原则问题。3)（机器）工作原理；（自然界的）定律；法则These machines both work on the same principle.【拓】in principle1)理论上；原则上I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.2)大体上；基本上We agree with it in principle but we still need to discuss the details.18.decentadj.1)正派的 ordin

16、ary,decent,hard-working people 普通、正派、勤劳的人们2)相当好的；像样的a decent meal/job 不错的饭菜/工作19.burden c.n.重担；负担bear the heavy burden of responsibility 肩负着沉重的责任carry/ease/share the burden 背负/减轻/分担重担v.使负重；使负重担be burdened with heavy debts 承担沉重的债务20.coren.核心 Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.

17、adj.核心的core curriculum/subjects 核心课程/科目21.socialistc.n.社会主义者adj.社会主义者的 practise core socialist values【拓】u.n.socialism 社会主义22.resign resign oneself to 顺从于They refused to resign themselves to being defeated.他们不甘失败。resign from ones job 那位部长辞去了政府职务。resign ones position/post as 辞去职位Why do you want to res

18、ign your position as secretary?The minister resigned from the government.=submit to=yield to23.substantial adj.1)大量的；价值巨大的(=considerable)make substantial contributions to ones country 为国家做出重大贡献a substantial salary/breakfast2)坚实的；结实的a substantial house【拓】substantially adv.The costs have increased sub

19、stantially.成本大大提高了。substance n.物质，材料24.superb adj.极好的；杰出的(=excellent)He commented that her acting was superb.25.guilty adj.1)内疚的；愧疚的I felt/was guilty about/at breaking my promise.(对感到内疚)2)犯罪的；有罪的(反 innocent)Sam was proved to be guilty of murdering an eight-year-old girl.【拓】guilt u.n.内疚26.ashamed adj

20、.羞耻的；惭愧的(反 proud)1)(be)ashamed of sb/sth 因因.感到羞耻感到羞耻You should be ashamed of your foolish behavior.2)(be)ashamed to do sthIm ashamed to admit that Ive never read Harry Potter.3)(be)ashamed that.He was ashamed that he couldnt give an answer.【拓】shame n.羞耻 shameful adj.可耻的 shameless adj.无耻的27.forgive(f

21、orgave,forgiven)v.原谅；宽恕1)forgive sb sth They forgave him his rudeness.2)forgive sb for(doing)sthWe forgave him for being rude as he was so young.因为他还太年轻,我们原谅了他的不礼貌。【拓】It is a virtue to forgive and forget,especially in such a competitive and stressful society.(不记仇)forgiveness u.n.原谅；宽恕28.cheat v.1)哄骗

22、、骗取，及物动词，其宾语通常是人而不是物，且不能接双宾语。骗取某人某物骗取某人某物 cheat sb(out)of sth He cheated the old man(out)of his money.2)骗取某人做某事 cheat sb into(doing)sth They cheated her into marrying him.3)舞弊、欺骗，通常不及物，注意其后所接介词 He cheated in/on the examination.【拓】cheat n.作弊者，骗子;欺骗手段；欺诈行为29.wrap v.1)（用.)包；裹Id like to wrap(up)Christma

23、s presents in pretty paper.2)（用.)缠绕His arms were wrapped around her waist.他的双臂紧紧环抱她的腰。n.披肩，围巾 u.n.包裹材料We stock a wide range of cards and gift wrap.我们备有各种各样的贺卡和礼品包装材料。30.parceln.包裹(ArE package)；一块地v.把.包起来31.bowv.1)鞠躬In Japan,the more respect you want to show,the deeper you should bow.2)点头bow ones hea

24、d 低头n.点头；鞠躬；蝴蝶结；弓A violin is played with a bow.32.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的_(disappoint)looks(be)disappointed at/about/with sthShe left the restaurant,disapponted with the bad service.disappointed(be)disappointed in sb Im disapponted in you.(be)disapponted to do sthWe were deeply/terribly disappointe

25、d to find the museum was closed.(be)disappointed thatMy mother said it was a great day,but she was just a little disappointed that it didnt last a tiny bit longer.我母亲认为那天很不错，但她还是有点失望，要是持续时间稍微再长点就好了。【拓】u disappoint sbs expectations 辜负某人的期望Im sorry to diappoint you,but I cant come after all.u disappoi

26、nting adj.令人失望的【拓】u disappointment 1)u.n.失望 to ones disappointment2)c.n.令人失望的人；令人扫兴的事The performance was a big disappointment to us.33.wrinklen.皱纹v.起皱纹；皱起 He wrinkled his forehead.他皱起眉头。【拓】wrinkled adj.有皱纹的34.pausen.暂停 He made a short pause and then went on reading.v.暂停 The speaker paused for water.

27、35.pretend v.假装 1)pretend+to be doing/to do/to have done Sarah pretended to be cheerful,saying nothing about the argument.She pretended to be doing her homework when the teacher came in.When mother entered his room,he pretended to have fallen asleep.She pretended not to be at home when we rang the b

28、ell.【拓】有类似用法的动词:happen,appear,seem,claim,以及be said to结构。2)pretend(to sb)+(that)从句He pretended to his family that everything was fine.36.privilege n.1)c.n.特权；优待the privilege of a good education 享受良好教育的特权2)n.荣幸(=honour)It is my pleasure and privilege to be here today and give you a speech.37.embrace v

29、.1)抱；拥抱(=hug)They embraced and promised to keep in touch（保持联系）.2)欣然接受/乐意采纳We must embrace the opportunities presented by the new media.抓住机遇抓住机遇38.phase c.n.阶段a new phase39.anchor n.锚 v.抛锚40.mercy u.n.show mercy to/have mercy on 对表示怜悯I never show mercy to/have mercy on overconfident people because th

30、ey can comfort themselves everywhere.我从不怜惜自负的人,因为我觉得他们无处不能自我安慰。at the mercy of 任摆布;受支配When the hurricane struck the coast,the whole town was at the mercy of the big wave.当飓风袭击海岸时,整个小城处于海浪的控制之下。without mercy 无情地 ask/beg/plead for mercy 乞求怜悯,乞求宽恕【拓】adj.merciful宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的a merciful God 仁慈的上帝They asked

31、 her to be merciful to the prisoners.他们要她对犯人慈悲为怀。41.likewise adv.同样地；相似地(=similarly)Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.她的第二次婚姻也不幸福。42.deadline c.n.最后期限；截止日期 meet/set/miss/extend a deadline 赶上截止期/设定最后期限/误期/延长期限43.guidance u.n.指导；引导；咨询；导航 follow sbs guidance 听从某人的指导 under the guidance of sb/unde

32、r sbs guidance44.fault n.1)u.n.责任；过失；过错It was his fault that we were late.我们迟到，责任在他。Why should I say sorry when its not my fault?不是我的错为什么要我道歉？2)c.n.缺点；缺陷The sweater had a fault in it and I had to take it back.find fault with 挑剔；找碴儿He loved best to find fault with me.他最喜欢找我碴儿。45.virtue n.1)美德；德行 prac

33、tise the virtue of courage/determination 践行勇气/决心2)优点；长处(=advantage)One of his virtues is that he never gets angry.46.integrity u.n.完整；诚实 behave with integrity 行为表现诚实正直 the territorial integrity of the country 国家领土完整47.organic adj.有机的organic food 有机食品48.discouraged adj.泄气的；失去信心的She was determined not

34、 to be too discouraged.她下了决心不要太气馁。【拓】discourage v.使泄气，使丧失信心；阻拦，阻止discourage sb from doing sth No one can discourage me from pursuing my dream.没有人可以阻止我追逐梦想。discouraging adj.令人泄气的；使人沮丧的 discouragement u.n.气馁；灰心49.garbage u.n.垃圾；废料pick up grabage 捡垃圾50.saving c.n.节约；节省物【pl.】储蓄金；存款open a savings account

35、 开储蓄账户51.bonus c.n.奖金；红利；意外收获 Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of bonuses and overtime.大公司的工人，工资很大一部分是奖金和加班费。We felt we might finish third.Any better would be a bonus.我们觉得我们可能得第三名。任何更好的结果都是意外收获。discouraging adj.令人泄气的；使人沮丧的 discouragement u.n.气馁；灰心49.garbage u.

36、n.垃圾；废料pick up grabage 捡垃圾50.saving c.n.节约；节省物【pl.】储蓄金；存款open a savings account 开储蓄账户51.bonus c.n.奖金；红利；意外收获 Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of bonuses and overtime.大公司的工人，工资很大一部分是奖金和加班费。We felt we might finish third.Any better would be a bonus.我们觉得我们可能得第三名。任何更好的结果都是意外收获。52.sow(sowed,sown)v.播种sow the seeds of success 播下成功的种子As a man sows,so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。53.harvest n.收获；收割a good harvest 好收成a bad/poor harvest 歉收v.收获；收割 harvest crops 收割庄稼54.quote v.引用n.引文(=quotation)a famous quote 名言