Unit 3 The World of Science Grammar and Vocabulary（ppt课件） -2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、 To know the use of present prefect passive.To do some exercises using the present perfect passive.To know some careers in science.现在完成现在完成时时(have/has+v-ed)表示表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响在仍有影响;表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。继续持续下去。Do you know the structu

2、res and meanings of the present perfect tense and passive voice?被动语态被动语态助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词be随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。执行者时，多用被动语态。Present perfect passiveLook at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.

3、a I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.b New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.1 What has happened to“you”in sentence(a)?Someone has asked“you”about the title of your book before.a I guess you have been asked about the tit

4、le of your book before.b New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.2 Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence(b)?People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.Compare them with the follow

5、ing sentences and answer the questions.c I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.d People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.3 What is the difference between the two groups of sentences?In the first group,the words in red sho

6、w the use of the passive form with the subjects,while in the second group,the words in red show the use of the active form with the subjects.4 Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage?The author chooses to use the passive form instead of th

7、e active form to emphasise what has been done,rather than who or what does the action.Now look for more sentences with the present perfect passive in the reading passage.1.The New Age of Invention has just been published.2.In addition,important advances have been made in medicine and environmental s

8、cience thanks to increasing computer power.3.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.Verb formActivePassive have/has+been+v-edHow do we form the present perfect passive voice?have/has+v-ed现在完成时的被动语态意义及结构现在完成时的被动语态意义及结构表示动作发生在过去表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在产生的

9、影响。到现在已经完成或对现在产生的影响。动词和被修饰主语构成被动关系。动词和被修饰主语构成被动关系。肯定式：肯定式：have/has+been+v-ed否定式：否定式：have/has+not+been+v-ed一般疑问句一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语+been+v-ed?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+have/has+been+v-ed?现在完成时的被动语态有两种情况：现在完成时的被动语态有两种情况：1)表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语，常连用的时间状语有：有：for+段时间，段时间，since+时间状语时间状语(从句从句)

10、，these days,so far,up to now,in the last/past few years等。等。如：如：This class have been taught by Mr.Brown for two years.His Chinese has been improved a lot since he came to China.Rowlings novels have been translated into many foreign languages so far.2)表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与，常与already,ye

11、t,just,ever,never,recently等连用。如：等连用。如：The bike has not been repaired yet.I have already been introduced to Mr.Smith.并不是所有动词都有被动语态。并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen,take place,break out,belong to,cost,last等等不及物不及物动词或词组无被动语态动词或词组无被动语态。Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.【注意注意】1.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时被动语态的

12、现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时被动语态的区别区别 一般过去时被动语态一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其其结果对现在没有影响结果对现在没有影响；现在完成时被动语态现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。The machine has been repaired机器机器已经修好了。已经修好了。(动作动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)The machine was repaired yest

13、erday机器机器昨天修了。昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。只说明动作发生在昨天。)2.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略其中的介词或副词不可省略。e.g.The orphans have been taken good care of here 孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。I.将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。1.Nobody has heard of Susan since she moved to America._

14、2.They wont finish the experiment before ten oclock._Susan hasnt been heard of since she moved to America.The experiment wont be finished before ten oclock.3.We havent given them anything to eat._4.Have you fed the pigs yet?_5.We have already discussed this question._This question has already been d

15、iscussed.They havent been given anything to eat.Have the pigs been fed yet?II.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.The same mistake _(make)many times.2.More than 100 famous films _(show)in the city since July.3.For his tenth birthday,Carl wanted a bicycle but _(give)a guitar by his parents.4.Although it _(

16、play)many times,he still loves it.5.Three new schools _(open)in our city in the past 5 years.has been made have been shownwas givenhas been playedhave been openedRewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.Within the next 80 years,our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D

17、printing.It has already affected many things in our lives,right down to the food we eat.For instance,some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.Many things in our lives have3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.already been a

18、ffectedBut perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.They have made human body parts,including a beating heart,with 3D printing technology.And it is not just humans who are benefiting-in Brazil,people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured i

19、n a forest fire!But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine.Human body parts,including a beating heart,have been made with 3D printing technology.A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!3 Imagine you are Dr Moore.Look at t

20、he pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab.Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.The window has been broken.The lock on the door has been broken.My two laptops have been stolen.Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.The book case has been opened,and some fi

21、les have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.The robot has been damaged.the buildings,destroy,earthquake The buildings have been destroyed by the earthquake.Look at the pictures,first list some key words,and then make up sentences using the present perfect passive voice.machiner

22、eplacecomputerThe machine has been replaced by the computer.in our city,a new bridge,buildA new bridge has been built in our city.recently,many trees,plant,along the roadMany trees have been planted along the road recently.seven Harry Porter books,J.K.Rowling,so far,writeSeven Harry Porter books hav

23、e been written by J.K.Rowling so far.Careers in scienceLook at the pictures and answer the questions.physicist mathematician1.What do you know about these careers?A physicist is a person who does research connected with physics or who studies physics.A mathematician is a person who is trained in the

24、 study of numbers and calculations.geographer biologistchemist astronomer A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars,planets,and other natural objects in space.A geographer is a person who studies geogr

25、aphy or is an expert in it.A biologist is a person who studies or works in the field of biology.2.What famous scientists can you name in these fields?physicistIsaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinmathematicianJohann Carl Friedrich GaussZu ChongzhichemistAntoine-Laurent de LavoisierastronomerEdmond Halleygeogr

26、apherbiologistAlfred Lothar WegenerGregor Johann MendelComplete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4.Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.Guo Shoujing(1231-1316)was a famous Chinese _ of the Yuan Dynasty.He invented twelve new instruments to

27、 study stars and planets.He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar.A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.astronomer British _ Charles Darwin(1809-1882)is best known for his work On the origin of Species,in which he explains changes in species

28、 due to natural selection.His ideas deeply influence our understanding of the relationship between humans and nature.biologistLi Daoyuan(ca 466-527)was a famous writer and _ of the Northern Wei Dynasty.He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams,along with

29、the landscape,history and culture of the surrounding areas.geographerMarie Curie(1867-1934)was a world famous _ and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity.She was also regarded as a brilliant _,and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isola

30、tion of pure radium.chemistphysicistChen Jingrun(1933-1996)was one of the worlds leading _.His work on Chens Theorem made an important advance towards proving Goldbachs Conjecture,the greatest unsolved problem in number theory.mathematicianThink about other careers in science and discuss what interests you most.Im interested in the work of a(n)because Review grammar.Read the text on Page 26-27 again and underline all the sentences of the present perfect and present perfect passive voice.