Unit 4 Friends forever Using languageAttributiveClause （ppt课件） -2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Using languagesubjectverbobjectpredicativedirect objectindirect objectobject complementmain elementsadverbialattributiveused to modify a word or sentence Attributive the digital age true personal information something beautiful working people 定语定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用单词、短语或句子

2、，汉语中常用“的的”表示表示。若是换成一个句子修饰名词或者代词呢？若换成句子之后，如何把原来的句子和新加入的句子(从句)连接成一句话？这两句话之间的关系是什么？Attributive Clause定语从句是由定语从句是由关系词关系词（关系代词或关系副词）（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰定语修饰主句的某个主句的某个名词或代词。其功能相当于形容词，被修饰的名词或代词。其功能相当于形容词，被修饰的名词或代词被称作为名词或代词被称作为先行词先行词。连词作用，引导从句连词作用，引导从句代替先行词代替先行词在从句中在从句中充当除谓语的一充当除谓语的一个成分，起一定

3、的句个成分，起一定的句法作用法作用关系关系词三词三功能功能1The number of people who/that were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.2Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which/that was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.3The army organised teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury

4、the dead.4China is a country which/that has a long history.5Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6The man(whom/who/that)I have to phone lives in Canada.例句分析例句分析：Harry Potter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句Harry Potter is a boy.He has magic power.主句

5、主句指代指代boy引导从句引导从句在定语从句中充当成分在定语从句中充当成分 （主语）（主语）The people who/that called yesterday want to buy the house.本本句中先行词是句中先行词是 the people；关系代词；关系代词who或或that指人指人，代替，代替 the people，关系代词在定语从，关系代词在定语从句中句中作主语作主语。翻译时可把定语从句译为主句的。翻译时可把定语从句译为主句的定语定语。翻译为翻译为:昨天打电话来的那些昨天打电话来的那些人想买这个房子。人想买这个房子。The people want to buy the

6、 house.They called yesterday.The man(whom/who/that)I have to phone lives in Canada.本本句先行词为句先行词为 the man，关系代词共有四种表达，关系代词共有四种表达，whom，who，that均可指人，在定语从句中关均可指人，在定语从句中关系代词作系代词作宾语宾语时时可省略。可省略。翻译翻译为：我不得不致电的那人住在加拿大为：我不得不致电的那人住在加拿大。注意：关系代词指代的先行词在定语从句中做宾注意：关系代词指代的先行词在定语从句中做宾语的时候，关系代词才可以省略，做其他成分的语的时候，关系代词才可以省略，

7、做其他成分的时候不可省略。时候不可省略。The man lives in Canada.I have to phone him.She was not in the train which/that arrived just now.本本句中先行词是句中先行词是 the train，关系代词，关系代词which/that 均可用于指物，代替均可用于指物，代替 the train，关系，关系 代词代词在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语。翻译翻译为：她不在刚刚到的为：她不在刚刚到的那列那列火车上。火车上。She was not in the train.The train arrived jus

8、t now.This is the book(which/that)you wanted.本本句中先行词为句中先行词为 the book，关系代词，关系代词 that/which指物，代替指物，代替 the book，关系代词在定语从，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，可句中作宾语，可省略省略。翻译翻译为：这就是你想要的那本书。为：这就是你想要的那本书。This is the book.You wanted the book.I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.I live next door t

9、o a couple.The couples children often make a lot of noise.whose既可以指人，也可以指物。既可以指人，也可以指物。在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语，意为，意为“的的”，代替前面先行词的所有格。，代替前面先行词的所有格。翻译为：翻译为：1.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常吵闹我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常吵闹 2.我住在一栋窗户朝南开的房子里。我住在一栋窗户朝南开的房子里。We live in a house.Its window open to the south.We live in a house whose windo

10、w open to the south.请在下列句子中填入恰当的关系代词。请在下列句子中填入恰当的关系代词。1.He is the man _ won the first prize in the competition.2.Is this the girl _ you talked of in your letter?3.The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen.4.Where is the book _ I bought last week?that/who(that/who/whom)that/which(that/which)5.He aske

11、d a question _ had nothing to do with his lesson.6.He asked a question _I couldnt answer.7.The girl _ I called is my sister.8.The girl _ called me is my sister.that/which (that/which)(that/who/whom)that/who9.The room _ window faces south is my office.10.I want to see the girl _ name is Mary.11.Simon

12、 is a comedian and actor _ has 10 years experience of researching comedy.12.The number of the people _ come to visit the city each year rises one million.13.My father bought a new bike for me _ price added up to more than 1.000 yuan.whosewhosewho/thatwho/thatwhoseRewrite the underlined sentences wit

13、h that,which,who,whom or whose.Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.So I learnt a new language which/that allows me to“speak”with my hands.Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.I sometimes have problems(that/which)I cant solve.Lucy is a good listener(whom/who/that)I enjoy

14、 sharing moments of my life with.Complete the online forum post with that,which,who,whom or whose.Walking group welcomes new members!Walking group welcomes new members!Walk and Talk is a group _ meets every Sunday.It is free to join.Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone _ weekends need some excitement

15、.that/whichwhoseWe are all teenagers _ love walking and making new friends.We want you to join us!The next walk _ is open to new members is on 22 July.You can also bring your friends.However,anyone _ you bring must be over 12 years old.Come along and join the fun!that/whothat/whichwhom/who关系关系代词代词指代

16、的指代的先行词先行词在从句中在从句中所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose人，物人，物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略作宾语可作宾语可省略省略作宾语可作宾语可省略省略可省略可省略不可不可省略省略Fill in the chartWrite sentences about your friend(s),trying to use some attributive clauses in your passage.限制性限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句与非限制性

17、定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子也可修饰整个句子。非。非限制性定语从句不能用限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。性定语从句的关系词不能省略。I like the book which/that she bought me yesterday.He made the same

18、 mistake again,which made his father very angry.He did everything that he could to help us.Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent.注意：注意：先行词为物，先行词为物，定语从句中定语从句中关系关系代代词通常用词通常用that不用不用which的情况的情况当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all，little，few，much，anything，everything，nothing，none，some等等时。时。The v

19、ery air that I breathed was filled with sand!当先行词被当先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，few，just等限定词修饰时。等限定词修饰时。当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物时。She described in her diary the people and the places that impressed her most.China is no longer the country that it used to be

20、.(关系代词关系代词that在从句中作在从句中作used to be的表语的表语)当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。The first thing that came into my mind was his words.Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.当关系代词在从句中作表语时。当关系代词在从句中作表语时。注意：注意：先行词为物，先行词为物，定语从句中定语从句中关系关系代代词通常用词通常用which不用不用that的情况的情况Some experts think reading

21、 is the fundamental skill on which school education depends.关系代词前有介词时。关系代词前有介词时。先行词本身就是先行词本身就是that时。时。Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。The city,which is located near a river,is very beautiful.They planted some trees _ didnt need much water.The boy and the dog _ are desc

22、ribed in the picture are very lovely.The first thing _ he did after arriving home was doing his homework.It is the tallest building _ Daming has seen ever since he came here.She said she would do anything _ could help her mother recover from the disease.The book with _ he is very familiar is very in

23、teresting.Whats that _ you just talked about.Water,_ is a clear liquid,has many uses.which/thatthatthatthatthatwhichwhichwhich注意：注意：先行词为人，先行词为人，定语从句中定语从句中关系关系代代词通常用词通常用who不用不用that的情况的情况One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me dont please me.先行词是指人的不定代词时，如先行词是指人的不定代

24、词时，如one，ones，anyone，those等。等。There are some girls who are playing games.there be句型中，先行词指人时。句型中，先行词指人时。as的用法的用法:关系代词关系代词as既可以引导限制性定既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句(可置可置于句首于句首,且翻译为且翻译为“正如正如.”)，as在从句中作主在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。引导限制性定语从句时，语、宾语、表语。引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前常有先行词前常有so，such，the same等词修饰。等词修饰。We shoul

25、d make friends with such people as are willing to help others.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.As we all know,China is becoming more and more powerful.(as作主语作主语)(as作宾语作宾语)(as作宾语作宾语)比比 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.较较 This is the same pen that I lost yerserday.比比 It is so heavy a b

26、ox as no one cant lift.It is so heavy a box that no one cant lift it.较较 He is such a kind person as is liked by us.He is such a kind person that he is liked by us.Is this the teacher _ rescued several students from the burning building?Do you know the lady _ our English teacher is talking with under

27、 the big tree?Anyone _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.There are some students_are cleaning the classroom.He is not the same man _ he was._is reported,a big fire broke out last night.I who/that(who/that/whom)whowhoasAs使用定语从句的注意事项使用定语从句的注意事项1关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定

28、语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of复复数名词数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Mo Yan.He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面

29、所说的整个情况。这时说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。语动词应用单数形式。He said he was a Frenchman,which was not true.为为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday.关系关系代词的省略。代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略省略。(3)关系关系代词在代词在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。非限制性定语从句中不能省略。Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.This is the person who you should thank for helping your son.Have you ever read the book,which was written by a young girl?