Unit 1 Using language Grammar （ppt课件）-2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 1 A New StartUsing language 1Using language 10202GrammarGrammarReview:basic sentence Review:basic sentence structuresstructuresGrammar:basic sentence structures Match the sentences that share the same structures.1.I saw a white-haired man.2.I replied.3.He gave me a smile.4.I breathed deeply.5.I

2、 looked at them in panic.6.I was embarrassed.7.His words made me a lot more relaxed!a.He was friendly.b.The exam made me quite nervous.c.I passed him a book.d.She agreed.e.He wrote a long letter.f.He talked loudly.g.She looked after her sister patiently.Structure 1 I replied.She agreed.S(Subject)V(V

3、erb)主语主语谓语谓语主语：句子所要描述或说明的主体；表示句子说的是什么人或什么事相关的信息。Usually at the beginning of a sentencen./pron./doing/to do/numeral/clause vi.主语：主语：主语就是一句话主要叙述的对象或者这句话主要讲的内容。主语就是一句话主要叙述的对象或者这句话主要讲的内容。1.The book is expensive.2.China is very large./Nick is a teacher.3.They are happy.4.This is my pen.5.Eight is a lucky

4、 number.6.To learn English is easy.7.Learning English is funny.8.The rich should help the poor.9.What I love is the beauty of the city.（普通名词普通名词作主语）（专有名词专有名词/人名人名作主语）（人称代词人称代词作主语）（指示代词指示代词作主语）（数词数词作主语）（不定式不定式作主语）（动名词动名词作主语）（名词化形容词名词化形容词作主语）（从句从句作主语）Structure 1 I replied.She agreed.S(Subject)V(Verb)主

5、语主语谓语谓语主语：句子所要描述或说明的主体；表示句子说的是什么人或什么事相关的信息。Usually at the beginning of a sentencen./pron./doing/to do/numeral/clause 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。Usually after the subjectverb/phrasal verbvi.谓语：说明主语动作或者状态的词语。谓语：说明主语动作或者状态的词语。牢记：牢记：只有动词原形只有动词原形(do)及其因人称和时态的变形及其因人称和时态的变形 可以充当谓语！可以充当谓语！“to do,doing,done”三种形式为三种形式为非谓语

6、动词非谓语动词！1.She eats an apple every day.2.I have finished my homework already.3.They went to the part together.4.We should use every chance to learn.5.I was a student 10 years ago.6.Where did you go last night?Structure 2 I was embarrassed.He was friendly.S(Subject)Linking Verb主语主语系动词系动词P(Predicative)

7、表语表语常见的连系动词有：常见的连系动词有：1)be动词动词2)感官动词：感官动词：feel,look,smell,sound,taste3)表示表示“变化变化”的词：的词：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,turn4)表示表示“保持保持”：keep,remain,stay5)表示表示“好像好像”：appear,seem6)表示表示“证明证明”：prove(to be),turn out(to be)表语：表示主语的身份、状态、性质、特征等。After the linking verbn./adj./numeral/to do/doing/preposition phr

8、ase/clause 表语：表语：说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分(表语就是对主语的补充说明)出现在系动词后Her face turned red.He is a boy.Five plus two is seven.We are here.The house is on fire.Seeing is believing.Our duty is to make our environment better.This is what I want.(形容词形容词作表语）(名词名词作表语）(数词数词作表语）(副词副词作表语）(介词短语介词短语作表语）(动名词动名词作表语）(不定式不定式作表语

9、）(从句从句作表语）Structure 3 I saw a white-haired man.He wrote a long letter.S(Subject)V(Verb)主语主语谓语谓语O(Object)宾语宾语宾语：表示动作行为的对象，也可表示动作的结果。After vt./prep.n./pron./doing/to do/numeral/clause vt.宾语：宾语：指一个动作(动词)的对象,出现在谓语动词后或介词后1.She bought a house yesterday.2.He said nothing during the meeting.3.He pretended n

10、ot to see me.4.I enjoy listening to popular music.5.I have finished two of the assignments.6.We need to help the disabled.7.You dont understand what I said.(名词名词作宾语作宾语)(代词代词作宾语作宾语)(不定式不定式短语短语)(动名词动名词短语短语)(数词数词作宾语作宾语)(名词化形容词名词化形容词作宾语作宾语)(从句从句作宾语作宾语)Structure 4 He gave me a smile.I passed him a book.S

11、V主语主语谓语谓语Indirect Object间接间接宾语宾语Direct Object直接直接宾语宾语宾语：表示动作行为的对象，也可表示动作的结果。vt.sb.sth.After vt./prep.n./pron./doing/to do/numeral/clause Structure 5 His words made me a lot more relaxed.The exam made me quite nervous.SV主语主语谓语谓语O宾语宾语C(Complement)宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作或状态。After the objectn./adj./ad

12、v./numeral/to do/doing/preposition phrase vt.宾语补足语宾语补足语(即复合宾语即复合宾语)：某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来：某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语补充说明宾语.We made him a birthday cake.I tried my best to make him happy.Please let him in.I put my family first.We call him a nice man.He advised me to give up smoking.I saw him

13、running down the street.I found him reading my letter.I noticed him in tears.(名词名词作宾补)(形容词形容词作宾补)(副词副词作宾补)(数词数词作宾补)(名词短语名词短语作宾补)(不定式短语不定式短语作宾补)(动名词短语动名词短语作宾补)(现在分词现在分词作宾补)(介词短语介词短语作宾补)Structure 6 I breathed deeply.He talked loudly.S(Subject)V(Verb)主语主语谓语谓语A(Adverbial)状语状语状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子位置灵活，可位

14、于句首，句中，句末adv./preposition phrase/doing/done/to do/clausevi.Structure 7 I looked at them in panic.She looked after her sister patiently.SV主语主语谓语谓语O宾语宾语A(Adverbial)状语状语vt.状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子位置灵活，可位于句首，句中，句末adv./preposition phrase/doing/done/to do/clause状语状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子通常由副词，副词短语，介词短语或句子充当状语分为很多种

15、，有时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，原因状语，目的状语等等状语位置极其灵活，可根据具体情况放在不同位置The children were playing in the park.He did not play well enough.He did not play well enough to win.She always comes to my house.I wont go shopping if it rains this afternoon.Getting up late,he hurried to school.(介词短语介词短语作状语/表地点表地点)(副词短语副词短语作状语/表程度表

16、程度)(不定式不定式作状语/表目的表目的)(副词副词作状语/表频率表频率)(从句从句作状语/表条件表条件)(分词短语分词短语作状语/表原因表原因)SummaryBasic sentence structures(1)主谓主谓（SV）(2)主系表主系表（SVP）(3)主谓宾主谓宾（SVO）(4)主谓宾宾主谓宾宾（SVOO）(5)主谓宾补主谓宾补（SVOC）(6)主谓状（主谓状（SVA）(7)主谓宾状主谓宾状（SVOA）The and the _ are necessary parts of a sentence.A transitive verb is always followed by a(

17、n)_.Some verbs can have two objects.The indirect object usually refers to a _ and the direct object refers to a _.The object complement adds more information about the _.verb object Summaryperson thing object Basic sentence structuresSubjectTransitive verbObjectObject+ObjectObject+ComplementIntransi

18、tive verbLinking verbPredicativeAttributive 定语used before/after a noun to describe itAdverbial状语used to describe a verb,an adjective,or a complete sentence主谓宾主谓宾主谓双宾语主谓双宾语主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补主谓主谓主系表主系表定语定语：用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征，范围等情况的成分如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面如果定语是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面1.I dont think he is a responsible

19、father.2.The summer vacation is finally coming!3.We have 35/thirty-five students in the class.4.Would you please bring me todays newspaper?5.The windows of the house are broken.6.I dont know her name.7.Do you know the way to the hotel?(形容词形容词作定语)(名词名词作定语)(数词数词作定语)(s所有格所有格作定语)(of所有格所有格作定语/后置后置)(代词代词作

20、定语)(介词短语介词短语作定语/后置后置)1.The destroyed bridge was rebuilt last winter.2.I know a boy called Tom.3.Listen,the flying birds are singing.4.The cars running on the street are so noisy.5.She has two children to take care of.6.The reading room is so small.7.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.定语定语：用于描述名词

21、，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征，范围等情况的成分如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面如果定语是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面(过去分词过去分词作定语)(过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语/后置后置）(现在分词现在分词作定语)(现在分词现在分词作定语/后置后置）(不定式不定式作定语/后置后置）(动名词动名词作定语)(从句从句作定语/后置后置)直接宾语直接宾语指动词所涉及的物物(即即sth.)，间接宾语间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人人(即即sb.)。如果间接宾语间接宾语(sb)出现在前出现在前，则直接采用则直接采用”谓语动词谓语动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾”结构结构(eg.give sb.sth.

22、)。如果直接宾语出现在前直接宾语出现在前，则后面必须有，则后面必须有to或或for才能够引出间接宾语才能够引出间接宾语即即”谓语动词谓语动词+直接宾语直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语间接宾语”结构结构(eg.give sth.to sb.)SV主语主语谓语谓语Indirect Object间接宾语间接宾语Direct Object直接宾语直接宾语vt.sb.sth.SV主语主语谓语谓语O宾语宾语C(Complement)宾语补足语宾语补足语vt.宾语补足语：一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作双宾语双宾语 vs 复合宾语复合宾语

23、 常见的接双宾语双宾语的动词有:give,show,bring,read,pass,send,lend,tell,ask,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。eg.The teacher gives each of them an eraser 在双宾语双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词一般是名词或代词。eg.She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).常见的接宾语补足语宾语补足语/复合宾语复合宾语的动词有:let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,t

24、hink,want等。eg.We must keep the classroom clean.而在复合宾语复合宾语/宾语补足语宾语补足语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）等We call him Lao Li(n.)They must keep their hands behind their backs(prepositional phrase)I wont let you try again(infinitive phrase)The other students i

25、n the class keep their eyes closed(past participle).双宾语双宾语 vs 复合宾语复合宾语宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整整。而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主系表关系主系表关系”当不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主谓关系主谓关系”。如：We mad

26、e Tom monitor.We will make our country more beautifulYou should keep your dog inI found him in Room 201He makes us work ten hours a dayWe heard her singing in the room=Tom is monitor.=Our country will be more beautiful.=Your dog should be in.=He was in Room 201.=We work ten hours a day.=She was sing

27、ing in the room.1.I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard._2.Turning around,I saw a white-haired man.Yes,I replied._3.I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier._4.With butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply._5.The girl next to me gave me a nudge._6.The girl next to me gave me

28、 a nudge._宾宾(O)谓谓(V)表表(P)状状(A)间宾间宾(IO)直宾直宾(DO)QuizRead the sentences and analyze the structures.1.The teacher was kind and friendly.2.He told a funny story.3.Everyone laughed.4.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.5.I didnt feel awkward or frightened.6.He told us funny sto

29、ries.7.I couldnt concentrate on the experiment.8.I want to make a good first impression.9.Tomorrow will be great.10.We had our chemistry class in the science lab.SVOOSVPSVOCSVSVOSVPExercise:SVOSVOSVPSVOAType of verbsaction verb 实义动词实义动词linking verb 系动词系动词modal verb 情态动词情态动词auxiliary verb 助动词助动词trans

30、itive verb 及物动词及物动词intransitive verb 不及物动词不及物动词OOOOCe.g.be,taste,feel,turn,become Pe.g.can,could,may,might,should,must wille.g.do,does,didVAdding adverbials and attributivesI learn English.I learn English in Chengdu No.18 Middle School.I learn English happily in Chengdu No.18 Middle School.I learn i

31、nteresting English happily in Chengdu No.18 Middle School.Group work:story-tellingLook at the pictures and tell the story using basic sentence structures.eg.Tom was playing basketball happily in the classroom.(SVOA)Jack was playing basketball in the classroom happily with nobody in it.The ball fell

32、off his finger and made an mp3 belonging to Mary fall off the desk,broken.He was so scared that he didnt know what to do.He tried to turn on his brain but the engine just wouldnt start.He tried his best to keep calm and picked up the broken mp3 in panic,picturing over and over again in his mind how

33、angry Mary would be.With butterflies in his stomach,he breathed deeply.添加标题添加标题添加标题 Finally,he decided to admit his mistake and apologize to Mary.To his surprise,Mary didnt blame him for it,which made Tom feel a lot more relaxed.However,Tom promised to buy a new one for her and made up his mind not to play basketball in the classroom any longer.Thank you!Thank you!