B3unit3Grammar瑜.ppt

1、GrammarNoun Clauses as the Object and Predicative名词性从句之名词性从句之 宾语从句及表语从句宾语从句及表语从句Module 3 Unit 3Lesson Type：GrammarTeacher：Miss WeiRelated Conception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分成分?名词在句中主要作名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表主语、宾语、表语和同位语语和同位语。The boy is Li Ming.subject 主语

2、主语predicative表语表语Mr.Liang,a 24-year-old boy,teaches us English.appositive同位语同位语object宾语宾语subject 主语主语link verb从句从句(clause)虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，但它但它仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。独立。按其所能表达的意义而言按其所能表达的意义而言,它它相当于一相当于一个词或是一个词组个词或是一个词组.Tips:从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成分的从句

3、，如主语从句，宾语从句，做该成分的从句，如主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句等。状语从句等。Thinking:what are clauses?请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句 He is taking a bath.What he want to do is taking a bath.I dont believe it.I dont believe he is an honest boy.My opinion is totally different.My opinion is that you should not go alone.I have a dream I

4、 will be a teacher one day.I have a dream that I will be a teacher one day.(主从主从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)主语主语subject 宾语宾语object 表语表语predicative 同位语同位语appositive语序？语序？名词性从句是由名词性从句是由whether，that等引导的从句，可以等引导的从句，可以充当主句的充当主句的_、_、_和同位语和同位语,从句用从句用_语序，时态通常与主句保持一致。语序，时态通常与主句保持一致。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?Noun Clauses

5、 名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)Tips:从句担任什么句子成分，从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成分的从句这个从句就叫做该成分的从句主语主语宾语宾语表语表语陈述陈述Object Clause宾语从句宾语从句As long as you love meAlthough loneliness has always been a friend of mine.I

6、m leaving my life in your hands.People say Im crazy and that I am blind.Risking it all in a glance.How you got me blind is still a mystery.I cant get you out of my head.Dont care what is written in your history.As long as youre here with me.I dont care who you are,where youre from,what you do.As lon

7、g as you love me.Who you are.Where youre from.Dont care what you did.As long as you love me.Every little thing that you have said and done feels like its deep within me.Doesnt really matter if youre on the run.It seems like were meant to be.I dont care who you are,where youre from,what you do.As lon

8、g as you love me.Who you are.Where youre from.Dont care what you did.As long as you love me.As long as you love meAlthough loneliness has always been a friend of mine.Im leaving my life in your hands.People say Im crazy and that I am blind.Risking it all in a glance.How you got me blind is still a m

9、ystery.I cant get you out of my head.Dont care what is written in your history.As long as youre here with me.I dont care who you are，where youre from，what you do.As long as you love me.Who you are.Where youre from.Dont care what you did.As long as you love me.Every little thing that you have said an

10、d donefeels like its deep within me.Doesnt really matter if youre on the run.It seems like were meant to be.I dont care who you are，where youre from，what you do.As long as you love me.Who you are.Where youre from.Dont care what you did.As long as you love me.如何辨别宾语从句？如何辨别宾语从句？They know him.主语主语 谓语谓语

11、 宾语宾语 They know who he is .主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语从句宾语从句 （简单句）（简单句）（复合句）（复合句）结构：主结构：主句句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）在复合句中，充当主句的宾语的从句在复合句中，充当主句的宾语的从句就是宾语从句。就是宾语从句。1.I dont know where I can get so much money.2.It depends on whether we have enough money.3.I am sure that he will come this afternoon.比较以上句子看出：宾语从句相

12、当于一个比较以上句子看出：宾语从句相当于一个 _ 词，作词，作_词、词、_词或词或 _词后的宾语。词后的宾语。名名及物动及物动介介形容形容找出下列句中的宾语从句找出下列句中的宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）Conjunction时时 态态 Tense语语 序序 Order一、宾语从句的连接词一、宾语从句的连接词从属连词从属连词 that whether if不担任成分不担任成分只起连接作用只起连接作用关系代词关系代词who whom whose what which既担任成分，又起既担任成分，又起连接作用。连接作用。主语，宾语或表语主语，宾语或表语等等,不可省。不可省

13、。关系副词关系副词 when where why how既担任成分，又起既担任成分，又起连接作用。连接作用。不可省不可省常担任常担任状语状语1.当多个当多个that从句作从句作并列宾语并列宾语时时,前面从句的前面从句的that可省可不省可省可不省,但但第二个第二个that不可以省。不可以省。He knows(that)his English teacher is from England and that she has two children.2.当当that引导作引导作介词介词宾语的从句时，宾语的从句时，that不可不可省掉。如：省掉。如：The reason lies in that

14、she works harder than the others do.People say(that)Im crazy and that Im blind.whether 和和 if 的区别的区别:1)表示表示_,对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。引导宾语从句，位于及物动词后引导宾语从句，位于及物动词后_2)只能用只能用whether的情况：的情况：二者可替换二者可替换1.所引导的从句作所引导的从句作介词介词宾语时；宾语时；2.从句后有从句后有”or not”时；时；3.后接动词后接动词不定式不定式时；时；(whether to do sth.)所引导的从句是所引导的从

15、句是 否定句否定句 时时3）只能用）只能用if的情况：的情况：“是否是否”e.g.1）I wonder she remembered how many babies she had delivered.2）He asked me _ I hadnt finished my work.3)It all depends on _the sky will clear up.4)I am not sure _ Ill come or not.5)He cant decide _ to buy.6)Please tell me _youll go to the lectures tomorrow.whe

16、ther/ififwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if who和和 whoever，what 和和 whatever,which和和 whichever 的区别：的区别：名词性从句名词性从句让步状语从句让步状语从句WhoWhoever表表“无论谁无论谁”Whatwhatever表表“无论什么无论什么”Whichwhichever表表“无论哪一无论哪一个个”表表“谁谁”表表“的任何人的任何人”表表“什么什么”，“所所的（东西的（东西事情）事情）表表“的任何东西的任何东西”表表“哪一个哪一个”表表“任何一个任何一个”1)I dont know _will host the

17、 party.2)I believe _takes part in the competition will try his best.3)Can you tell me_ you d like to order.4)Just do_ you like.5)I dont know_ is yours.6)Thats just _I want.whowhoeverwhatwhateverwhichwhatI dont care who you are,where youre from,what you do.which 有范围有范围what 无范围无范围从句时态从句时态 主句时态主句时态现在现在

18、的时态的时态相应相应任何任何时态时态过去过去的时态的时态相应相应过去过去任何时态任何时态 宾语从句中主句和从句的时态通常保持一宾语从句中主句和从句的时态通常保持一致，但如果致，但如果从句从句中表示的是中表示的是客观现象，虽客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：如：The teacher told us that light _ at a very high speed.A.has travelled B.travelC.travelled D.travelsAttentionD.travels1.The radio says it _ clo

19、udy tomorrow.(be)2.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)3.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)4.The teacher told me she _born in 1960.(be)5.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)will be had been has takenwasrisesHis brother asks when he will go t

20、o the library.B.His brother asks when will he go to the library.I dont know what did he want to buy.B.I dont know what he wanted to buy.主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?What happened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what,who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：e.g.I dont kn

21、ow whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Can you tell me who he is?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语 The manager came up to see _.A.what was the matter B.what the matter was C.what the matter is D.whats the matter解析解析:本题主句用了过去式，故从句要用本题主句用了过去式，故从句要用过去范畴的时态，所以排除过去范畴的时态，所以排除C和和D，又，又因为因为what在从句中充当主语，所以语序在从句中充当主

22、语，所以语序不变，故选不变，故选A。四、否定前移四、否定前移 主句的主语是主句的主语是第一人称第一人称I或或we 时，并时，并碰到以下词碰到以下词BEIST:b(believe),e(expect),I(imagine),s(suppose),t(think)后的宾语从句，要将要把上后的宾语从句，要将要把上 述主句中的动词变为述主句中的动词变为_，即将从句中的，即将从句中的 转移到中转移到中e.g.我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()否定式否定式否定形式否定形式主句主句五、形式宾语五、形式宾

23、语 it it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make 等后作为等后作为形式宾语形式宾语，而真正的宾语，而真正的宾语that从句从句则可则可放在句尾放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。e.g.I find it impossible that he should finish the work intwo days.I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。这类动词常见的有这类动词常见的有一坚持

24、一坚持insist 二命令二命令order command三建议三建议suggest propose advise四要求四要求request require demand ask He proposed that we(should)set a deadline for the complement of the plan.他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。七、关于七、关于doubt 肯定句中doubt后跟 if/whether，否定句中doubt后面跟 that.sb.doubts if/whether.sb.doesnt doubt that.There is n

25、o doubt that.e.g.There is no doubt that he will win the game.宾语从句三要素时态时态(一致，客观真理除外）一致，客观真理除外）Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语序（陈述语序）语序（陈述语序）What did your father say?You are a clever girl.My father said I was a clever girl.句型转换句型转换“I am in space.”What did he say?He said he was in space.句型转换句型转换1.When

26、 does the train arrive?Please tell me.（改（改为宾语从句）为宾语从句）Please tell me _ _ _ _.2.What does he do?Do you know?（改为宾语从（改为宾语从句）句）Do you know _ he _?3.Do they want fried chicken?He asked the boys.（改为宾语从句）（改为宾语从句）He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.whenthetrainarriveswhatdoesif/whetherwanted4.Was the w

27、atch made in Shanghai?I dont know.（改为宾语从句）（改为宾语从句）I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.5.I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）（改为否定句）I _ _ this _ a good idea.6.Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句）（改为复合句）Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.if/whetherwasdontthinkiswhichtrousersshewill单项选择 1

28、.When asked _ they needed most,the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A.what B.why C.whomD.which 2.I dont know_ we can live on the island without any food.A.where B what C how D that 3.I will go to the shop to buy some books but I dont know _one I should buy.A.what B.whichC.whom D.tha

29、t 4.I dont know _ Jane was late for school this morning.A.when B.whichC.whatD.why 5.Could you tell me _?A Where is the part?B Whos on duty?C Whose book is this?D What are they doing?CBDBA在句子中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。在句子中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。位置：位置：一般放在一般放在系动词系动词be后后.一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。表语从句表语从句This is his job.This is wha

30、t he does every day.表语表语predicativeuThe question remains whether they will be able to help us.uThe trouble is that he has never done the work before.uGuilin is not what it used to be.uWhat she wants to know is which dress she should buy.uThat is where Lu Xun used to live.uThat is why he didnt pass t

31、he exam.uIt sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.比较以上句子看出：表语从句相当于一个比较以上句子看出：表语从句相当于一个_词，词，作连系动词如作连系动词如_,_,_,taste,seem 等后的表语。表语从句在复合句中作主句的等后的表语。表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语表语。其引导词包括：。其引导词包括：1）从属连词）从属连词,如：如：_,_.2）连接代词）连接代词(wh-等疑问词等疑问词),如：如：_,_,who3）由连接副词，如：）由连接副词，如：“when”“why”“where”“how”4）另可由）另可由_,as tho

32、ugh,because引导。引导。名名besoundremainwhetherthatwhatwhichas if一、表语从句的连接词一、表语从句的连接词(四大类四大类)1.that 引导的表语从句,本身无意义,但不能省略.whether 引导的表语从句意为:“是否”.不能用 if.2.what,which,who,whom,whose可在表语从句中充当“主语,宾语,定语”,有自己的词义.3.where,when,why,how，because 在表语从句中可充当时间,地点,方式,原因状语.4.另可由as if,as though引导 that在表语从句中既不充当成分既不充当成分,又没有意义没

33、有意义,不可省略。The fact is that he hasnt yet recovered from illness.表语从句与定语从句的that的区别 There are some films that Id like to see.She is the only one among us that knows French.结论:that在引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,指事物,也可指人,在从句中作_或_,作_时常可省略。主语主语宾语宾语宾语宾语 由由as if,as though引导表语从句时要注意语引导表语从句时要注意语态态.若从句表示与现在事实相反若从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动

34、词用谓语动词用_（时态）（时态）;与过去事实相反用与过去事实相反用_（时态）（时态）;或表将来的可能性不大，或表将来的可能性不大，则用则用would/might/could+v.Li Lei is now in a new jacket.He looks as if he were an American boy.The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon.It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.It looks as if it might rain.The clou

35、ds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时as if,as though1.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so.2.The question is _that boy will turn up in time.3.Tom is no longer _he used to be.4.That _ is I cant agree with you.无义无义,不能省略不能省略是

36、否是否.的样子的样子的地方的地方wherethatwhetherwhatExercise表语从句不能表语从句不能用用“if”Complete the sentencesComplete the sentences1)That was _.(她在会上所说的话）她在会上所说的话）2)That was_.(他们如何被战败的）他们如何被战败的）3)The pen is still_.(它原来所在的地方它原来所在的地方)what she said at the meeting where it was how they were defeated表语从句表语从句一定要用一定要用陈述语序陈述语序 二、二、

37、1）当主句的主语为）当主句的主语为reason,或者是或者是why由引由引导的从句时导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用与它们相关的表语从句用 that 引导，而不能由引导，而不能由because引导；引导；2）because引导表语从句只适用引导表语从句只适用 It/That/This is/was because句型中句型中e.g.The reason why I was late was _I missed the train.I was late.It/That/This was _I missed the train.becausethatThe reason why is that

38、Its because 2 Ss a groupwander 闲逛闲逛give a stretch 伸懒腰伸懒腰be in a daze 发呆发呆 gossip 八卦、闲聊八卦、闲聊 Lucy is cleaning the blackboard.Its because she is on duty today.The reason why Lucy is cleaning the blackboard is that she is on duty today.1.I think _ it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.2.His mother i

39、s satisfied with _ he has done.3.This is _ makes us interested.4.The reason was _ John had never seen the million pound note before.what /thatthatwhatwhatthat()所引导的所引导的从句是否从句是否缺缺(主语主语,表语表语,宾语宾语)汉语意义汉语意义能否省略能否省略what 缺缺什么什么;所所.的的(东西东西/事情事情)不能省略不能省略that不缺不缺 无意义无意义引导宾语从引导宾语从句时可省略句时可省略.引导引导表语从表语从句不能省句不能省

40、what=the thing thatwhat /that 的区别的区别宾语从句时态（一致，客观真理除外）时态（一致，客观真理除外）Conclusion (Conclusion (总结）总结）连接词连接词陈述语序陈述语序表语从句陈述语序陈述语序连接词（连接词（that that 不能省，不用能不能省，不用能ifif）（as if/as thoughas if/as though虚拟时态）虚拟时态）The reason whyThe reason why is that is that.It is becauseIt is because.结构：主语结构：主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句否定

41、前移否定前移形式宾语形式宾语 ititExercise一单项选择一单项选择）After visiting,English friends told us Beijing was quite different from _ they had heard of and _ it was as beautiful as London.A.that;how B.what;that C.that;/D.how;what B并列从句最后一个并列从句最后一个“that”不能省不能省3)Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer

42、 _ it was 20 years ago,_it was so poorly equipped.A.what;when B.that;which C.what;which D.which;that4)What we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.what B.that C.which D.whoAA5)You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how excited they were B.how they were excited C.how

43、were they excited D.they were how excited6)They make _ a rule whoever breaks the law will be punished.A.it B.what C.that D.thisAAHow+adj.+subject+predicateit 形式宾语形式宾语7)Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that8)Go and get you coat.Its _ you left it.A.th

44、ere B.where C.there where D.where there AB二用适当的词填空二用适当的词填空1.He rode his car at _ I think is a dangerous speed.2.Im not sure _ he can pass the exam.3.Im not sure _ he can pass the exam or not.4.I cant figure out _ quite a number of insects,and animals are dying out.5.She always thinks of _ she can wo

45、rk well.6.My doubt is _ he can pass the exam.whatwhether/ifwhetherwhyhowwhether表语从句不用表语从句不用if三、用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。三、用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。1.老师说月亮绕着地球转。老师说月亮绕着地球转。The teacher said 2.他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。They are all worrying about that the moon goesaround the earth.whether they can get there on t

46、ime.3.我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。重要的。I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time.4.问题是这本书是否有读的价值。问题是这本书是否有读的价值。The question is whether the book is worth reading.5.我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning.6.我的意见是你不应单独前往。我的意见是你不应单独前往。My

47、 opinion is that you should not go alone.7.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。China today is no longer what she used to be.8.那是因为他没有理解我。那是因为他没有理解我。Thats because he didnt understand me.9.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow morning.10.谁知道将来会发生什么？谁知道将来会发生什么？Who

48、 knows what will happen in the future?基础写作基础写作 内容：本周末将有外国人来我校参观。假如你是Andy，请你就你想知道的情况给学校学生处写一篇咨询文，包括以下几点：1.听说牛津大学的学生会在英语角与我们交流；2.想知道英语角何时何地召开；3.想知道主要话题是什么4.是否欢迎任何学生？5.可否问任何自己感兴趣的话题？要求：运用名词性从句名词性从句完成。五句话五句话。首句已给出。This weekend some foreign students will come to our school and have a wonderful time with

49、us.范文范文 This weekend some foreign students will come to our school and have a wonderful time with us.I heard _(一些来自牛津大学的学生将和我一些来自牛津大学的学生将和我们交谈们交谈).However,We havent known _（英语角何时何（英语角何时何地召开）地召开）by now.And my doubt is _（我们的主要话题是什么）（我们的主要话题是什么）.I wonder _（是否欢迎所有学（是否欢迎所有学生）生）.Above all,could we ask_（我们

50、想问的一切问题）（我们想问的一切问题）.Looking forward to your reply.when and where the English corner will be held (that)some students from Oxford university will talk with us what our main topic is.whether everyone is welcomewhatever we want toDear Sir,yours.AndyYou never know what you can do till you try!如果不去尝试，如果不