初中英语中考复习语法知识精讲（数词+介词+连词）.doc

1、中考英语语法知识精讲一、数词1.确数和约数(1) 当我们说“几百”、“几千”这样一些确数时，“百”“千”是不能用复数形式的。结构是：数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数。five hundred五百; three thousand三千; two million两百万; six billion六十亿。(2)当hundred, thousand, million加上s后，它们就成了概数，表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。而且通常接of，表示“成百的”，“数以千计的”，“成千上万的”，“亿万的”等。结构是：hundreds/thousands/mi

2、llions/billions+of+名词复数。eg: hundreds of new tall buildings.2.数词和冠词的关系(1) 一般情况下，序数词前要加定冠词the，但基数词前不加冠词。He failed in the first try.My number is forty-nine.(2)a/an+序数词，表示“又一、再一”。The monkey ate a second banana.(3)of the+基数词，表示“范围”。You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.3.“数词+more”与“anothe

3、r+数词”(1) another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数，而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”之意时，可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词，此时可把“数词复数名词”看作是一个整体。如：Mr Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.(2) other表“另外的”接复数名词，如与具体数词连用，则置于数词之后，但与定冠词the连用时，other要放在数词前。如：Tony is going camping with _boys next Sunday.A.little two other B.two little otherC.two other little

4、 D.little other two(3) more一般位于数词之后名词前，有时也可置于名词之后。如： She has got five more electric fans. One more step (One step more), and Ill shoot you. Where shall we be in ten more years？more除跟数词外，还可与a little, a few, a lot, several等词连用，而且名词也可是不可数名词。Id like to buy a few more books.There are many more dictionari

5、es on the desk.二、介词1.besides/except/but(1) but 表示“除之外”，常与有否定意义的词连用，当but前有动词do时，but后接动词原形。He did nothing but wait.(2) except 除之外，不包括在内；指从整体中排除一部分人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except却没有排斥性。All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.(3) besides 除之外，包括在内。指在原来的基础上加上除外的人或物，其 前有

6、other, another, any other, a few等词。We need three more boys besides Tom.2.in/afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.3.above/overabove意思是“在之上”，表示某物的高度，但是没有垂直关系，与介词below相对。The wa

7、terfall (瀑布) is above the bridge.The shelf is above the bed.over意思是“在之上”，表示某物的垂直位置。其反义词是under；over能与 there连用，而above则不能。Theres a bridge over a river. Theres a lamp over the table.4.between/amongbetween意为“在之间”，指两者之间；between与and连用时，意思是“在和之间”。Wang Tao sits between Li Ming and me. between后面接三者或三者以上的人或物时，

8、是把这些人或物分为两个部分，分别看待。Whats the difference between these two books?among意为“在之间/中/中间”，指三者或三者以上之间的位置关系。There is a village among the hills.5.under/belowunder意为“在之下”，表示物体靠/贴近或相互垂直的位置关系，反义词是over。There re lots of things under the bed.below意思是“在之下”，表示下方的位置，但不贴近，反义词是above。I live on the third floor.My grandpa l

9、ives two floors below me.6.beside/insidebeside意为“在的旁边/附近”，等于at the side of，其同义词是near/close to。有时可以与by互换使用。Kate sits beside/by Sandy.inside意思是“在里面”，表示具体的位置关系，其反义词是outside。Kates toys are inside the box.7.through/across/across fromthrough和across都表示“穿过”，“通过”的意思，across表示从物体表面“穿过”、“通过”；而through则表示从内部或空间“穿

10、过”、“通过”。across from 相当于opposite，美国英语中常用。He went across the hall to the door.They are building a tunnel, and it will go through the mountain.8.in front of/in the front ofin front of 是短语介词，之后可以跟名词或代词作宾语，意为“在的前面”，其反义词是behind，说明人与物,物与物之间的相对位置，即不在同一范围内。in the front of是介词短语，之后跟名词或代词作宾语，意思是“在的前部”，说明某人/物在同一

11、范围内。Theres a big tree in front of the house.The teacher sits in the front of the classroom.9.for sb./of sb.在句型It is +形容词+ of/for + sb + to do sth.中，用of还是用for取决于形容词，如果形容词是描述人物性格特征，后面的人与形容词有主语和表语的关系，用介词of，形容词常用clever, kind, nice等；如果形容词是说“事”的用介词for，形容词常用easy, important, necessary等。【注意】两个句型的正确翻译。Its imp

12、ortant for us to learn English well. Its kind of you to help me with my English. 三、连词1.as/while/when,as用作连词时,含义比较多；引导时间状语从句(1)用“as soon as”结构,意思是“一就”。Please e-mail me as soon as you get there.(2)作“与同时、一边一边、当的时候”讲时，强调主从句的动作同时发生，而从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。He read the letter as he walked along the river.引导比较状语从句

13、用于“as.as”结构中，第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。否定句用not as/so.as结构。He sings as well as his brother.引导原因状语从句表示明显的原因，意思是“由于，鉴于”。We all like her as she is kind.引导让步状语从句作“虽然、尽管”讲时，相当于though，但是没有as常用。As/Though they were tired, they still walked on.(=Tired as/though they were, they still walked on.)As I like it,I will not

14、 buy it.引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。I have changed it as you suggested.as用作介词，意为“如同、作为、当作”，与介词like不同，as表示某人/物看起来完全一样或几乎相同，而表示相似关系，但不等同。Dont have him as a servant.as作“作为”讲时，相当于being。As a student, its bad manners to be late for class.(=Being a student, its bad manners to be late for class.)as常与动词连用，构成短语或固定搭配如：

15、look upon.as把看作；regard.as把认为是/把看作；act as担任、充当等。as用作副词，意思是“同样地”，通常用来修饰副词或形容词。He works hard, but I study just as hard.when用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。She wants to be a scientist when she grows up.when可以引导宾语状语从句，后面跟陈述句语序，意思是“什么时候，何时”。Please tell me when you came here.请告诉我你是什么时候到的。when用作疑问副词,意为“什么时候，何时”，引导特殊

16、疑问句，可以问时间点，也可以问时间段。When do you usually go to school every day? At six oclock.while用作连词时，意为“当的时候、和同时”，引导时间状语从句，从句只能指时间段，不能指时间点，谓语动词必须是延续性动词或状态动词。Somebody broke into the house while we were out.while用作连词时，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.while用作名词，意思是“一会儿，一段

17、时间”。I havent seen him for a long while.2.because/since/as/forbecause 表示理由或直接原因，意思是“因为”，语气最强。引导原因状语从句时，常用于句子中间，位于句首时，要用逗号隔开。单独成句时，通常用来回答why所提出的问题。I like my parrot because it can sing.because表示理由/原因时，不能与so直接连用。汉语中，表示因果关系时要用“因为所以”；而英语中，用because就不用so，用so就不用because。比较:Nick caught a bad cold yesterday, so

18、 he had to stay at home.Because Nick caught a bad cold yesterday, he had to stay at home.because可以与of连用，构成介词短语because of，之后跟名词、代词、词组或短语表示理由/原因。The match was put off because of the bad weather.since 表达明显的或已知的理由，意为“既然”。since 引导的从句常用于句首，语气不如because，但是比as语气强。引导的从句位于句子末尾时，可以作为补充说明。Since everybody is here

19、, lets begin.as 表示理由时，意为“由于”，引导原因状语从句时，主、从句并重，主句说明原因，从句说明结果，相当于since，但是语气不如since。As it was late, I left in a hurry.for是并列连词，表明附加或推断的理由，常用于口语中，意为“因为”。for连接的句子一般不用于句首，并列句之间可以用逗号分开。Im late for class for I got up late.3.so.that/such.thatso.that.意为“如此以至于”， so是副词，后面跟形容词或副词，that后面跟句子表示结果，常见的句型结构有下面四种：A.so+

20、形容词+that从句The novel is so popular that it ran into two editions in a year.B.so+副词+that从句He drove so fast that he found it difficult to stop at the red light.C.so+形容词+a+单数名词+that从句It is so heavy a stone that I cant lift it.D.so+形容词+复数名词+that从句He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.s

21、o.that.可以与以下结构转换:A.与too.to.结构的转换too.to.意为“太而不能”，与so.that.结构互换时，that从句中必须使用情态动词cant （如果是过去时则用couldnt）。He was so clever that he couldnt make such stupid mistakes. He was too clever to make such stupid mistakes.B.与enough to do/not enough to do 结构的转换C.与such.that.结构的转换such.that.意为“这样以至于”，与so.that.结构转换时，必须用“so+形容词+a+单数名词+that从句”结构。5