动词时态语态.ppt

1、动词时态语态动词时态动词时态 初中知识回顾初中知识回顾 回顾一：一般现在时的用法回顾一：一般现在时的用法 一般现在时可以表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作，一般现在时可以表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作，情况或状态，还可表示客观真理，科学事实，格情况或状态，还可表示客观真理，科学事实，格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。常与言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。常与often,usually,sometimes,seldom,every day 等时等时间状语连用。间状语连用。He sings well.The earth turns around the sun.Everyone thinks I come fr

2、om Sichuan.Actually,I come from Shandong.在时间和条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示在时间和条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。将来的动作。If it rains tomorrow,I will not go there.We had better accept his offer before he changes his mind.回顾二：一般过去时的用法 1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，情况，状态等，有时会带有确定的表过去的时间状语。She watched a movie last night.A big fire destroyed

3、the whole building last year.2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。When I was a boy,I often went to play in that park.回顾三：一般将来时的用法 1)一般将来时表示单纯的将来事实，由will+动词原形构成，如果是第一人称，也可以用“shall+动词原形”用“be going to+动词原形”表示打算和预测。This terms will be over.The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.My sister will finish her middle school th

4、is year.We will play basketball every day next month.2)祈使句+and/or+一般将来时 Work hard and you will pass the exam.另外几种表示将来的形式 1）be going to do 表示打算和预测 Who is going to speak at first?Look at the clouds.Its going to rain.2)be to do 表示计划注定要发生的事情或命令，禁止，可能性 You are to clean the windows.3)be about to do 表示即将发生

5、的动作。不能再接时间状语。He was about to leave the classroom when I came in.回顾四：现在进行时 1)现在进行时可以表示说话时正在发生的动作，常和now,right now,at this moment 等时间状语连用。还可表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作，但是说话时不一定发生，常和these days,this week,at present 等时间状语连用。2)现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作，不过这种用法只限于 visit,arrive,begin,come,drive,fly,get to,go,leave,see off,take

6、off等动词-where is Li Hua?-Look!He is playing tennis on the playground.How are you getting to the airport?What are you doing these days?2)进行时态常与always,forever,continually,constantly等连用，表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有赞扬，批评，讨厌，不满等情绪。Some people are constantly complaining that they have too much work to do.Bill is always

7、 leaving his things about.回顾五：过去进行时的用法回顾五：过去进行时的用法 Was/were+doing 表示过去某一时刻或某一阶表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。时间点可以用介词短语，副段正在发生的动作。时间点可以用介词短语，副词或从句来表示。词或从句来表示。He was reading a novel the whole morning yesterday.When I saw him he was decorating his room.My brother came back home while I was doing homework.-Do yo

8、u still remember the first time we met?-Of course.You were organizing an English evening party.回顾六：现在完成时回顾六：现在完成时 has/have+done 1)现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或者表示过去已经开始，持续成的影响和结果，或者表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作和状态。常和到现在的动作和状态。常和already,yet,just,ever,never,recently,lately,so far,before She lo

9、st her books.(强调是过去丢的动作，与强调是过去丢的动作，与现在无关。现在无关。She has lost her books.(表示到目前为止还没表示到目前为止还没有找到）有找到）I havent finished my homework yet.I have never seen him before.Has she ever been abroad?2)for+一段时间/since+点时间/从句（一般用过去时）常与现在完成时连用 I have lived here since 1990.I have lived here for 13 years=I have lived he

10、re since 13 years ago=it is 13 years since I began to live here.I havent seen him for three years=I havent seen him since three years ago=it is 3 years since I saw him last time.Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.3)it is/was the first/second time that has/have done/had done

11、It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.4)this is the.that(最高级修饰与完成时连用）最高级修饰与完成时连用）This was the best film that I had ever seen.This is the largest fish I have ever seen.5)in/for/during/over/within+the last/past+一一段时间段时间 The house has changed

12、 hands three times in the last two years.Over the last few years,prices have fallen sharply.I have seen little of her in the past few weeks.Within the past few minutes,the president has issued a statement.6）非延续性动词（如）非延续性动词（如 begin,start,finish,end,go,come,leave,arrive,join die 等）的现在完等）的现在完成时不可和成时不可和

13、since,for 等表示一段时间的状语连等表示一段时间的状语连用用 He has joined the army for three years(F)He has been in the army for three years.(T)比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到一直延续到现在现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。

14、My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago.（现在不在了（现在不在了)My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years.(目前还在珠海目前还在珠海)2).过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(2000年表示具体的过去时间）年表示具体的过去时间）I have st

15、udied in Zhongshan university since 2000.(since 2000表示从表示从2000年至今年至今,包包括现在在内括现在在内)I have just bought an apartment.(just表示不表示不确定的时间状语）确定的时间状语）回顾七：过去完成时回顾七：过去完成时 1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作。的动作。When Jack arrived,he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.The girl sitting next t

16、o me on the plane was very nervous,for she hadnt flown before.By the end of last month we had already finished half of the work.He had stayed here for two days before he left.2)hope,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want,think 等动词的过去完成时，可表示过去等动词的过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的希望，打算或意图未曾实现的希望，打算或意图 I had hoped to see you.

17、He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing.3)在在hardly when,scarcely.when,no sooner.than 表示一表示一.就就 They had hardly been seated when the bus started.No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.4)by the time+现在现在-将来完成时将来完成时 by the time+过去过去-过去完成时过去完成时 By the time I graduate next year,I will

18、have lived here for 5 years.By the time he was 12,he had traveled to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.回顾八：过去将来时回顾八：过去将来时 过去将来时通常由过去将来时通常由would+动词原形构成，一般动词原形构成，一般用在宾语从句中用在宾语从句中 He asked me where the 2016 Olympics would be held.高中知识衔接 知识一：将来进行时表示将来某一时间正知识一：将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，此时一般带状语。

19、也表示在进行的动作，此时一般带状语。也表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来到将来 Shall/will+be+doing I think they will be playing computer games until next morning.知识二：将来完成时知识二：将来完成时 Shall/will+have+done 经常与经常与before/by+将将来的时间来的时间,by the time,by the end of 表示在将表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作来某一时间之前已完成的动作 I hope we will have got a

20、ll the information before you come tomorrow.You will have reached shanghai by this time tomorrow.Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.知识三：现在完成进行时知识三：现在完

21、成进行时Has/have+been+doing 表示动作从过去开始表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，也有可能持续到将来一直持续到现在，也有可能持续到将来The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute.Why doesnt someone answer it?(强强调时间的持续性）调时间的持续性）The weather has been changeable lately;I have been having a lot of

22、colds.(重复的动作）重复的动作）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 come true,consist of,take place,happen,become,rise,occur,belong to,break out,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed It took place before liberation.1、对于这个问题，关注很少。、对于这个问题，关注很少。Little attention was paid to this problem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组

23、讨论。、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。Group discussion should be encouraged in class.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。It is reported that a new road will be built here.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.主动和被动主动和被动 一、一、get+过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化

24、口语化。She got married last week.The patient got treated once a week.He fell off the car and got killed.be seated/be hidden He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)be lost/be drunk/be dressed(in)二、二、主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义1.系动词系动词l

25、ook,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容词形容词/名词名词,构成系表构成系表结构结构。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等。等。Work began at 7 oclock this morn

26、ing.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.3.need/want/require doing,be worth doing,be to blame主动表被动主动表被动。4.在在“be+形容词形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.5.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read,write,act,iron,cu

27、t,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。这类动词一般不单独。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语使用，常用一个修饰语。This coat dries easily.Nylon cleans easily.The door wont lock.Food can keep fresh in a fridge.Your speech reads well.This material has worn thin.His book does not sell.(没有销路没有销路)Your pen write

28、s smoothly.The plan worked out wonderfully.The recorder wont play.This knife cuts well.The cloth washes well.(耐洗耐洗)1.马克开门时见到一位妇女站在那里。他以前马克开门时见到一位妇女站在那里。他以前从来没有见过她。从来没有见过她。When Mark opened the door,he saw a woman standing there.He _ before.(see)2.窗子很脏。窗子很脏。-我知道。它两个星期没有清洗了。我知道。它两个星期没有清洗了。-The window i

29、s dirty.-I know.It _(clean)3.咱们扣住主题，否则我们绝不会达成任何决定。咱们扣住主题，否则我们绝不会达成任何决定。lets keep to the point or we_.(reach)4.萨姆是否做完了今天的作业？萨姆是否做完了今天的作业？-不知道。他今天上午在做。不知道。他今天上午在做。-Has Sam finished his homework today?-I have no idea.He _.(do)5.因为失业了，露西一直在考虑返回学校，但是因为失业了，露西一直在考虑返回学校，但是尚未决定。尚未决定。Now that she is out of a

30、job,Lucy _,but she hasnt decided yet.(go)6.市长说所有的建设工程将在下个月以前完工。市长说所有的建设工程将在下个月以前完工。The mayor says that all the construction work _ by next month.(complete)7.如果说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜，死于心脏病的如果说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜，死于心脏病的人数将会大大降低。人数将会大大降低。The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly _ more fruit and vege

31、tables.(persuade)8.受到毒蛇的惊吓，小玛丽紧挨着她的妈妈受到毒蛇的惊吓，小玛丽紧挨着她的妈妈站着，害怕得发抖。站着，害怕得发抖。Frightened by the poisonous snakes,little Mary _,shaking with fear.(close)9.当玛丽面临困难形势时，决定征求老板的当玛丽面临困难形势时，决定征求老板的意见。意见。Mary decided to ask her boss for advice when she _.(face)10.在第一节地理课上，在第一节地理课上，老师告诉我们世界是老师告诉我们世界是由七大洲四大洋构成。由七大

32、洲四大洋构成。On our first geography lesson,the teacher told us that this world _ seven continents and four oceans.(make)11.钢，玻璃和混凝土都属于人造材料。钢，玻璃和混凝土都属于人造材料。Steel,glass,and concrete all _ man-made materials.(belong)12.我们午餐吃的蔬菜尝起来不好。煮的时间太长。我们午餐吃的蔬菜尝起来不好。煮的时间太长。The vegetables we ate for lunch_.They had been c

33、ooked too long.(taste)13.随着科学的发展，更多的新技术目前正引进随着科学的发展，更多的新技术目前正引进到信息技术领域。到信息技术领域。With the development of science,more new technology_ the fields of IT nowadays.(introduce)14.开车时小心。记住，每一次小的错误可能酿成交通事故。Be careful while driving._ every small mistake could lead to a traffic accident.(keep)15.据报道，这种冰淇淋畅销全国。

34、It is reported that this kind of ice-cream_ all over the country.(sell)16.有些专家警告，今后几百年将会灭绝一百万个物种。Some experts warn that one million species_ in the next hundreds of years.(wipe)17.无烟办公室里的人禁止吸烟。People in the nonsmoking offices _.(forbid)18.他过去一个人住在乡下，但是现在已习惯和女儿一起生活在城里。He used to live alone in the country,but now he_ together with his daughter in the city.(used)19.坐在我身边的小女孩很紧张。显然，她没有做好考试的准备。The young girl sitting next to me was very nervous.Obviously she _ for the exam.(get)20.他说他很快要和一个漂亮女孩订婚。He said that he _ a beautiful girl soon.(get)