人教版七年级下英语(unit4)知识点总结全.doc

1、 初一英语 个性化辅导Review of Unit4【主要语法】 一、知识点1、定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。2、祈使句的结构：通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感叹号。2、特点：祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。Go and wash your hands. (表命令) Be quite, please. （Please be quiet.）（表请求）Be kind to your sister.（表劝告） Watch your steps.（表警告）No parking. (表禁止)二、重点：祈使句的不同形式(1)V型：

2、即以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：动词原形（v）+宾语（+其他）Eg: 把门关上。 _ the door. 起立！ _ up!（2）B型：即以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：be+形容词 / 名词Eg: 做个好学生。 _ a good student. 安静！ _ _!（3） L型：即let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）Eg: 让我来读吧 _ _ read it. 咱们去爬山吧 _ go to the mountains.（4）D型：即祈使句的否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）t be +其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语）Eg:

3、 别生气！ _ _angry. 不要迟到。 _ _ late.注意：在这种句型中，be不能省略 否定副词not不可置于be之后B. Dont +动词原形+其他Eg: 别在教室里吃东西。_ _ in the classroom. 别像那样和父母亲讲话 _ _ _ your parents like that! C. Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式 a. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他Let her not do that. Lets not think about it. Its only a waste of time.b. Dont+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他Dont let J

4、im do that. Dont let us go, please. 三、难点:1、特殊形式的祈使句 (1)在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No名词 / V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。Eg: 不许停车！No parking! 禁止游泳！ _ _! 不许交谈！ _ _!(2). 在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末please，但是如果please加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。Eg: 请进 Please _ _. = _ _, please. 请坐 Please _ _. = _ _, please.(3). 在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓

5、语动词省略。This way, please.(4). 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用do.Do be careful！一定要小心！(5). 有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you，人名或everybody, anybody等不定代词。You sweep the floor and I clean the window.Stand up, everybody.(6).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.2、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wo

6、nt。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1) 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致)2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。三、 考点：祈使句用于两个重要句型中（1） “祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。

7、 Eg: Hurry up and youll catch the train. Study hard and you can make progress everyday.（2）“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。 Eg: Hurry up，or youll miss the train考题精选1. Please _, theyre having a meeting.A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustnt talk D. no speaking2. _ to meet me at th

8、e station. Ill be waiting there.A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Dont forget 3. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I _. A. dont B. wont C. cant D. havent4. If you are tired, _ a rest.A. have B. having C. to have D. had5. _ me go. It is very important for me.A. Do let

9、B. Let do C. Doing let D. To do let6. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. Dont C. To not D. Not to7. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got8. _ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to play C. Dont play D. Dont to play9. Please _ me some

10、money, will youA. lend B. lending C. borrow D. borrowing10. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B. are C. is D. being11. _ down the radio. The babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn12. Lucy, _ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not c

11、lose D. is closing13. _ and play football in the street after lunch.A. Lets not to go B. Lets not go C. Lets dont go D. Not lets go14. A sign with the words“_” is often found in a bus.A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking15. _ Chinese in you English class.A. Not speak B. Dont spe

12、ak C. Speak not D. Dont speaking16 . _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept17. The TV is too loud. Please_. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it18. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green. A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D.

13、Dont19. Do you know the girl _under the tree A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood20. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing二. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, spea

14、k) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (c

15、atch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.三、句型转换11. Will you please read it again more slowly （改为祈使句） _ _ again more slowly, please.12. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. （改为同义句） _ _ me, or Ill go.13. Lets watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句） Lets watch the sports games, _ _14. The teachers o

16、ften tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）_ _careless, please.15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）_ _ next to Nancy.16. Dont forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）Dont forget to turn off the lights, _ _17. If you move, youll die. （改为同义句）_ _, or youll die.18. Come to my house tomor

17、row. （改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow, _ _19. 这是一个坏了的被子。 （翻译句子）This is a _ _.20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻译句子）Lets go and help the _ _, please.【重点词组及短语 】school rules 学校规章制度 break（fallow/keep）the rules 违反(遵守)规章制度 arrive late for class = be late for class 上课迟到 dining hall饭厅，餐厅in class 在课堂上 on time准时（in tim

18、e及时）eat in the classroom 在教室里吃东西 wear a hat (hats) 戴帽子 listen to 听 school uniforms校服 wear uniforms穿制服 I see我明白了 have to do 不得不做 be（keep）quiet保持安静according to根据，依据 make （up）ruler 制订规则share （sth ）with sb和某人分享（）on school days在上学期间on school nights在校期间的晚上 practice (playing) the piano 练习弹钢琴go out外出 see fr

19、iends看望朋友clean (ones) room打扫房间 do the dishes洗餐具too many/much太多的(可数/不可数 ) make (ones) bed铺床 go to bed去睡觉（be in bed 在床上） be strict (with sb)对某人）要求严格think about (sb/sth/doing sth)考虑（某人/某物/做某事）learn to do sth学（做某事） Dont talk. = No talking.不要说话。 【知识点解析】 t fight.不要打架。fight作动词，意为“打架、打仗”。其过去式为fought.(1)figh

20、t for“为而斗争”，后面常接抽象名词，表示为事业、自由等而斗争。Eg:They are fighting for freedom.他们正为自由而战。(2)fight against“为反对而战斗”，后接事物名词、人和国家名词。Eg: They fought against the enemy.他们和敌人作战。(3)fight with“和打架”，“同（并肩）战斗”，后只接表示人或国家的名词。Eg:Dont fight with him.不要和他打架。【典型例题】They fought _the Italians in the last war,but_them in this war.A.

21、 with; with B. with;for C. against ; against ; against./Mrs./Miss.(1)Ms.：“女士”，用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。(2)Mrs.：“夫人”，用于已婚女子姓前。 Madam:也用于已婚女子，意为“夫人、女士”，一般单独使用，不与姓连用(3)Miss.：“小姐”用于未婚女子姓前，还常用于年轻的女教师的姓前，可译为“老师”。3. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 相同点：都是“到达“的意思不同点：get to+地点；reach+地点 arrive at+小地点（车站等）；arrive in+大地点（国

22、家等）注意：(1).get to与地点副词（here/there/home）不用介词toEg:I want to go to Beijing.I got home at 15:00.我下午三点到的家。(2).arrive是不及物动词，后面若接地点名词则要和in/at连用，接地点副词时则不用介词。Eg: I arrived home at 15:00. =I got home at 15:00.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨天到的上海。He arrived yesterday.他昨天到的。(3).reach是及物动词，后面直接接地点名词或副词。Eg:Whe

23、n will they reach here【典型例题】-What time did the team_the top of the mountain-At about 4:30 . at4. On time 和in time(1)on time“准时，按时”，指按规定的时刻不早不晚。Eg:He always go to school on time.他总是按时上学。(2)in time“及时”，指没有迟到，时间还充裕。Eg:Fireman reached the house on fire in time.消防员及时赶到那幢失火的房子。、listen和sound都有听的意思，但三者是有区别的

24、： (1)hear听说侧重于听的内容。 Eg:Im sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了我很难过。 I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。 (2)listen听侧重于听这一动作。Eg:Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。 The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。 (3)sound听起来它是系动词后面接形容词等。Eg:That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。 It sounds like f

25、un. 听起来挺有趣。 【典型例题】_carefully,or you are not able to_anything. (be able to do sth能够做);listen ;hear ;listen ;listen6.辨析take,bring(1)take“带走，拿走”指把东西从说话地带到别的地方。Eg:Can you help me to take the books to the classroom你能帮我把这些书带到教室里去吗(2)bring“带来”指把东西从别处带到说话地。Eg:Bring your homework here tomorrow,please.请你明天把作业

26、带到这儿来。【典型例题】_away this dirty shirt and _me a clean one.;bring ;take ;take ;bring7. strict是形容词，意为 “严格的”； “严厉的”，通常与be动词连用。(1)be strict with sb “对某人严厉”Eg:Mr. White is very strict with us. 怀特先生对我们要求很严格。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该对自己要求严格。(2)be strict in (doing) sth “对某事要求严格”Eg:Our boss is s

27、trict in our work. 我们的老板对我们的工作要求严格。 “记得，记住”，是及物动词，可以直接加名词。(1)remember doing sth记得已做某事（已做）Eg:I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。(2)remember to do sth 记得要做某事（还没做）Eg:Remember to post the letter for me.记得给我寄这封信。forget“忘记，忘了”，作remember反义词时，用法和remember相同。作动词意为“帮助”，常用的结构有：(1)help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事(2)h

28、elp sb with sth(n.)帮助某人做某事Eg:I often help him with his lessons.我常帮他学功课。(3)help oneself(myself/yourself/herself) to+n.请随便用Eg:Please help yourselves to some fruit.请随便吃些水果。help还可作名词，表示“帮助”，是不可数。 many,too much与much too易混词组意义及用法例句too many形容词，“太，太多”，接可数名词There are too many people in the park.too much形容词，“

29、太多”，接不可数名词I have too much homework today.much too副词，“太，非常”，接形容词或副词My mother is much too busy.【典型例题】I have _skirts and this one is _large for me,so you can take it if you like.A. too many; too much B. too much; much too C. too many; much too ,too与also易混词意义及用法例句either“也”，用于否定句中，置于句末时用“，”隔开I wont go th

30、ere,either.too“也”，用于肯定句句末，用“，”隔开I like dancing,too.also“也”，用于肯定句句中I also like English.【典型例题】I dont like her, _. fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得开心，过得愉快 in bed 在床上、卧床，in 和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。 Eg:He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。 . talking ! 禁止交

31、谈。no后面加上名词或动名词doing也表示不要做某事。与dont +do的用法相似。Eg:No wet umbrellas! / Dont put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞No food! Dont eat food here! 禁止吃食物 No smoking! Dont smoke here! 禁止吸烟 , put on , be in, dress1）wear是动词，它的意思是“穿”，它表示状态。eg：My father wears a T-shirt today. 我爸爸今天穿着T恤衫。2）put on的意思是“穿上、戴上”，它表示动作。eg: Its c

32、old outside, put on your coat please. 外面非常冷，请穿上你的大衣。3）dress 作动词时，表示“为穿衣”后接反身代词或人，也可以不接宾语。eg：Can you dress the baby for me 你能帮我给孩子穿衣服吗4）be in 表示穿着的状态，后接颜色或服装。例如：The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。 The girl in hat is very beautiful. 戴帽子的女孩儿很漂亮。15. Important adj. 重要的Its important to do sth. 做.很重

33、要1）outside 副词，意为“在外面”，反义词是inside。Eg: Dont go outside. Its too cold. 不要到外面去，天气太冷了。2）outside还可以做介词， 意为“在外面”。Eg: There is a new car outside the house. 房子外边有一辆新车。3)outside 作名词，意为“外部，外表”。The outside of the house is red. 这个房子的外部是红色的。辨析：作副词时out 与outside的区别out副词意为“外出，出来”，其反义词为in。outside副词作副词时，意为“在外面，在户外”等，其

34、反义词为inside。拓展：go out的用法1） 外出，或者指“参加社交活动，外出交际或娱乐”。例如：Mary goes out a lot on Sundays. 每逢周日，玛丽的应酬非常多。2） 出去。例如：Lets go out for a walk. 让我们出去散步吧。3） 出国，移居国外。例如：He went out to Canada two years ago. 他两年前移居加拿大了。4） 过时，不流行。例如：This kind of shoes went out last year. 这款鞋去年就过时了。, ago二者意思相似，但用法很不一样。 ago通常和一般过去时态的动词

35、连用，前面是一个表示时间段的词或短语。eg：We started our class about ten minutes ago.我们大约十分钟前开始上课的。(不能说before) before通常用来表示在某个时间点之前。eg：We started our class before eight oclock.我们八点前开始上课的。(不能说eight o clock ago) They came here before this week.他们是这个星期前到这儿的。(不能说this week ago) 另外，before可以单独用作状语，而ago则不能这样用。Eg:I read about i

36、t in a newspaper before.我以前在一张报纸上看到过这件事。(不能用ago) , study (1)learn 虽然可指学习的过程，但更侧重指学到的成果，因此常译为“学到”、“学会”；而 study 则侧重指学习过程。Eg: He studied hard and learned English very well. 他努力学习，把英语学得很好。 (2) learn 多用于学习的初级阶段或带有模仿性的操作技艺等；而 study 则常用于较高深或周密的研究。Eg: I had to learn a trade at the age of seven. 我在 7 岁时就不得不去

37、学做生意。 This question should be carefully studied. 这个问题必须认真研究。 “keep +sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句式中的keep是动词，意为“保留，保存，保持”。Eg: Too much work keeps me busy and tired. 太多的工作让我忙碌而且疲惫。 We must keep the class clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。 拓展：keep常见的其他用法 1）“keep + 形容词”，意为“保持某种状态”。 例如：Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静! 2）“

38、keep sb. doing sth.”表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事”。 例如：He kept me waiting for an hour. 他让我等了一个小时。20.“必须”考查must与have to在英语中，must与have to都可以表示“必须”，但其用法有所不同。(1) must表示说话人的主观看法，认为有义务有必要。如：我们必须努力工作。（是我们要这样做的） We _ _ _.(2) have to 表示客观需要，即周围的环境、习惯、协约等要求某人“不得不作某事”。Eg: 我们不得不努力工作。（环境使我们不得不这样做）We _ _ _ _.(3) must的否定形式为 _,

39、have to的否定形式为_, 两者意义也不同。前者表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”等，后者表示“不必要”。Eg: 你们不能在马路上踢足球。You _ play football on the road. 你今天不必练钢琴了。You _ _ _ practice the piano today.(4) 要表示过去获奖来“必须”，则必须用have to的相应形式。如：昨天我们不得不去购物。We _ _ go shopping yesterday.【典型例题】 children _play football on the road. t I clean the blackboard-No,yo

40、u _.t t t not mother _there,she has gone to America. be be be t be【考题精选】.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. We have to _ (wear) uniforms to school every day. 2. Jim _ (have) to brush his teeth before going to bed.3. My mother often asks me to practice_ (play) the violin.4. Dont _ (bring) music players to school.5.

41、 Dont be_( noise) in the library.6. Everyone feels_ (relax) when they listen to light music.7. The weather is _ (terrible) hot.8. Does Jack _ (do) his homework on time9. She _ (not like) playing basketball.10. I have to _ (get up) at six oclock.选词填空。1. _ (Dont, Cant ) cross the road when the traffic

42、 lights are red.2. Its cold outside. I _ (must, have to) put on my coat.3. This is _ (quiet, quite) an interesting book.4. _ (Take, Bring) your sister here with you.5. Our teacher is very _ (strict with, strict in) us. 6. Dont make so much _ (noise, noisy). Dad is sleeping in the next room.7. After dinner I cant _ (relax, relaxing, relaxed) either.8. She likes_