人教版八年级英语上册Unit2知识点精讲.docx

1、Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、 词汇应用1.on weekends在周末2.help with housework帮忙做家务3.hardly ever几乎从不4.go shopping去购物5.once a week / month一周/月一次6.twice / three times a week一周两/三次7.use the Internet使用互联网8.read English books阅读英文书籍9.go to the movies去看电影10.favorite program最喜欢的节目11.swing dance摇摆舞12.have pia

2、no lessons上钢琴课13.drink milk喝牛奶 14.stay up late熬夜15.go online上网 16.play sports做运动17.eat a healthy breakfast吃健康的早餐18.at least至少；不少于；起码19.go to bed early早早上床睡觉20.junk food垃圾食品21.be good for ones health对某人的健康有好处22.have good / bad habits有好/坏习惯23.play computer games玩电脑游戏24.the answer to the question问题的答案2

3、5. percent of the students百分之的学生26.such as例如；像这样27.draw pictures画画28.watch TV for over 2 hours看两个多小时的电视29.go to the dentist看牙医30.teeth cleaning洗牙31.more than多于 32.less than少于33.want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事34.ask sb. about sth.询问某人关于某事的情况35.How come?怎么会呢？36.Old habits die hard.旧习难改。37.So start exercisi

4、ng before its too late!所以赶快锻炼起来，不要等到来不及了！二、词汇精讲1. maybe maybe是副词，意思是“也许，可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。 例如：Maybe shell come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。 Maybe you put the letter in your pockets. 大概你把信放在衣袋里了。 【拓展】（1）maybe和may be的辨析：maybe是副词，而在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。 例如：I

5、 cant find my watch. It may be in your pocket. 我找不到我的手表了，它可能在你的口袋里。 He may be a soldier. 他可能是军人。 （2）maybe和may be可相互转换。 例如：He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 You may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。2. although although的意思相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连

6、词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如： Although he lives alone, he doesnt feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。There is air all around us, although we cannot see it. 虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。【拓展】although与though的辨析：（1）用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。例如：Th

7、ough/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。（2）although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：Its hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽了最大努力，但我们还是输了。（3）在as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例

8、如：He talks as though he knows everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。3. die die是动词，意为“死亡”，是短暂性动作，常用于过去时中，过去式为died。例如：Plants and people will die without water. 没有水，植物和人都会死。His father died two years ago. 他的父亲两年前去世的。【拓展】die有多个变形词：词条词性词义所作成分用法dead形容词死了的，无生命的表语、定语可以与段时间连用die动词死，死亡谓语不能与段时间连用death名词死亡，去世主语、宾语dying形容词垂死的

9、，即将死去的表语、定语例如：The tree has been dead for ten years. 这棵树死了10年了。 She looked at her dead cat sadly. 她伤心地看着她死去的猫。 My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。 The fish will die without water. 鱼离开水会死去。 Car accidents have caused a lot of deaths. 车祸造成很多人死亡。 The doctors have saved the dying man. 医生们救活了那个垂死的人。4

10、. howeverbut however和 but都意为“可是，但是”；但是用法不同。 （1）however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。例如：It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，然而我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。 （2） but是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，后面不用逗号，前后两句在总的意义上构成了对比。例如：I really dont like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一

11、点。 （3）however比but用的场合更正式, 因此however用于书面语,而but 常用于口语。另外, however的意思还不只局限于“但是;然而”，它还有其他的用法。例如：However hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?5. hardlyhard hardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。（1）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not。例如：

12、There is hardly any coffee left.= Theres almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。（2）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。【拓展】常见的表示频度的副词：（1）always 的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：T

13、he sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。（2）usually 的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：He usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。（3）often 的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。 （4）sometimes 的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。

14、例如：It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。 Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。（5）hardly ever 的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”。例如：I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。（6）never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。 例如： My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。6. exerc

15、ise （1）作不及物动词，意为“锻炼、运动”。例如：How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？I exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。（2）作不可数名词，意为“锻炼、运动”，常与动词take连用。例如：Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。（3）作可数名词，意为“练习；操”。例如：We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。We do English exercises to help us learn English well. 我们做英语练习以便学好英语。7

16、. health health为名词，意为“健康”，其形容形式为healthy，意为“健康的”。unhealthy意为“不健康的，是healthy的反义词。healthily是“健康地”，是副词。在名词词尾加y构成形容词，类似的词还有：rainrainy 雨下雨的 sunsunny 太阳晴朗的 lucklucky 幸运幸运的 windwindy 风刮风的8. once / twice once“一次”，twice“两次”，在英语中三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示，time在这里为可数名词，意为“次数”，复数加s。例如：I wash my face twice a day. 我每天

17、洗两次脸。He has been there four times. 他去过那里四次。三、句式精讲1. How often do you have piano lessons?how often意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。例如：How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？How often do your parents visit your grandparents? 你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母？【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice

18、a week等how soon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+ 一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱2. But do you want to come?（1）want意为“想要”后可接名词或不定式，构成want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。例如： Do you want to join us? 你想加入到我们中吗？He wants me to

19、help him. 他想要我帮他。（2）want的用法还有：want sth.，意为“想要什么”。 例如：She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。【拓展】want后接动词不定式时，相当于would like；因此want (sb.) to do sth.=would like (sb.) to do sth. 例如：I wanted to go swimming. = I would like to go swimming. 我想游泳。3. She says its good for my health.be good for意为“对有好处，对有益处”，介词for后接名词

20、或代词。其反义词为be bad for，意为“对有害处”。例如：Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。【拓展】（1）be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如：She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。（2）be good at“在方面擅长”，介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同

21、义短语为do well in。例如：She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。（3）be good with“和相处得好；擅于和相处”。例如： Are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗？4. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主

22、语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是的”。例如： Its important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。 Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。【拓展】 这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：（1）在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，

23、句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：Its necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。（2）在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如： Its very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。5. Exercise such as playing sports is fun such as用

24、来列举多个事物，一般不全部列出，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。例如：The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如，稻谷、小麦和棉花。【拓展】for example“例如”，可以作为独立语插入句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系，用以列举某一个人或事。例如： A lot of children, for example, Tom likes drinking tea. 很多小孩，例如Tom喜欢喝茶。综合练习词汇精练. 根据首字母提示和句意补全单词。 1. She is a g

25、ood girl. H_, she has some bad habits, too. 2. Only two p_ of them use the Internet every day. 3. A_ many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 4. I have dance class o_ a week, every Monday. 5. How often do you eat j_ food?. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1. Though he has studied _(hard) at

26、 English for a long time, he can still _(hard) speak the language. 2. _(sometime) I get a letter from him.3. Youd better do morning _(exercise) every day. Its good to have lots of_(exercise).4. I want to go_ (shop).5. Her eating habits help her keep _(health). 用die的正确形式填空。1. His fathers _ made him v

27、ery sad.2. He has been _ for 2 years.3. He _ 2 years ago.4. The old man is _.He has something to say to his sons.5. The_(die) of the pet dog made the girl very sad. 选词填空。Sometimes, always, often, hardly, ever, never1. Tom cant swim, so he _ goes swimming.2. Mom _ gets up first, seven days a week.3.

28、_ I go to school by bus, but usually walk to school.4. How_ does your mother shop? Once a week.5. The man is too tired and he could _ keep on walking.health, healthy, healthily, unhealthy 6. The old man is very _.7. Vegetables are _ food.8. We should eat _.9. Eating more fruit is good for your _.10.

29、 I am _ because I hardly ever exercise.maybe，may be11. _ he is a teacher. 12. He _ a teacher.参考答案. 根据首字母提示和句意补全单词。 1. However 2. percent 3. Although 4. once 5. junk. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空1. hard; hardly 2. Sometimes 3. exercises, exercise 4. shopping 5. healthy . 用die的正确形式填空。1.death 2.dead 3.died 4.dying 5.

30、death. 选词填空。1. never 2. always 3. Sometimes 4. often 5. hardly6. healthy 7. healthy 8. healthily 9. health 10. unhealthy11. Maybe 12. may be句式精练. 句型转换。1. I sometimes read storybooks at home. (对划线部分提问) _ _ do you read storybooks at home?2. My sister watches TV twice a week. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ your sister

31、 watch TV?3. I exercise two hours a day. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ do you exercise a day?4. She eats junk food once a week. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ does she eat junk food a week?5. I will be back in a month. (对划线部分提问)_ _ will you be back?6. She exercised yesterday. (用every day改写) She _ _ _.7. They often go to the movie

32、s on weekends. (就划线部分提问) _ _ they often _ on weekends?8. Why dont you come to see me? （改为同义句） _ _ come to see me?9. He goes shopping on Sundays. (改为否定句) He _ _ _ on Sundays.10. I want you to come to my party. (改为同义句) I _ _ _ to come to my party. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。1. 你必须尽量少吃垃圾食品。You must _ _ _ less jun

33、k food.2. 例如，他就是个好学生。 He, _ _ , is a good student.3. 他说多锻炼对健康有好处。He says more exercise _ _ _ health. 4. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如，麦子、玉米、棉花和稻米。The farm grows various kinds of crops, _ _wheat, corn, cotton and rice.5. 如果你想要保持健康，就应该少吃肉。If you _ _ keep healthy, you should eat less meat.6. 你父亲多久锻炼一次？_ _ does your

34、 father exercise?7. 他周末几乎从来没有逛过街。He _ _ goes shopping on weekends.8. 我今晚想要去看电影。I _ _ go to the movie tonight.9. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。 Its_ for the students _ _ some housework. 10. 露西，你周末通常干什么？ _ do you _ _on _, Lucy?. 补全对话。根据对话内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。A. Would you like to watch it?B. What about

35、you, Eric?C. No, I wasnt.D. The team from No.2 Middle School.E. When shall we meet?F. Yes, I am.G. How are we going there?A: Hi, Peter. We havent seen for several days. Hows it going?B: Not bad. 1 A: Pretty good! Are you free this Sunday afternoon?B: 2 Whats up?A: There is going to be a basketball m

36、atch in our school. 3 B: Yes, of course. But which team is our school going to play against?A: 4 B: Really? I think our team is very strong. Perhaps we will win the match.A: But I hear that their team is strong, too.B: Im sure it must be a wonderful match.A: I think so. 5 B: Lets meet in the playgro

37、und at 3:00 pm.A: OK. See you then.B: See you.1._ 2._ 3._ 4. _5. _参考答案. 句型转换。1. How often 2. How often does 3. How many hours 4. How many times 5. How soon 6. exercises every day7. What do, do 8. Why not 9. doesnt go shopping 10. would like you. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。1. try to eat 2. for example 3. is good for 4. such as5. want to 6. How often 7. hardly ever 8. want to 9. necessary, to do 10. What, usually do, weekends. 补全对话。1. B 2. F 3. A 4. D 5. E