1、人教版英语八年级下册第十单元知识点总结现在完成时中常见的时间词( 1)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与 for+时间段,since+过去的时间点连用。如: Mary has been ill for three days. Mary已经病了三天了。I have lived here since 1998.我自1998年就住在这里了。( 2) 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just,before, recently, still , lately 等。如: I havent seen much of him rece
2、ntly/lately.我最近没怎么见到他。We have seen that film before.我们之前看过那部电影。Have they found the missing child yet?他们找到失踪的孩子了吗?( 3) 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, once, twice,several times等。如: Have you ever been to Beijing?你曾经去过北京吗?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. 我从没听Bunny 说过反对她的话。I have use
3、d this pen only three times. It is still good. 这支钢笔我只用了三次。它仍然是好的。( 4)现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,例如upto present / now, these few days / weeks / months / yea, rsby now, in the past+时间段,so far等。如: Peter has written six papers so far到目前为止, .Peter已经写了6 篇论文。What have you learned in the past ten years在过去十年
4、里,你学到了什么??现在完成时用法:1)表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。例:I have lived here since I was born.2)表示已经完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。例:Eddie has just eaten Hobos food.(Hobo has nothing to eat.) 3)表示动作从过去某一时间开始到现在为止发生的次数。例:I have already read this book many times.现在完成时常和already、 ever、 just、 never、 recently、 yet等副词以及since、 for 引导的时间状语连用。例
5、:He has already taken first prize twice.He has not returned the book to me yet.He has never visited the Great Wall.I have just had breakfast.I have been married for 20 years.I have learnt English since I was 5.注:already常用于肯定句,意思是“已经 ”,而 yet常用于否定句和疑问句,意思是“还 ”。现在完成时的时间词:since/for现在完成时表达某一动作或状态从过去某个时间持
6、续到现在,常用for、 since时间状语。for 后加时间段,表示一段时间。如: for two weeks, for one month等。since作介词时,与完成时连用,意为“自 以来 ”,后跟时间点。如:sincelast week, since 2009等。since作连词时,与完成时连用,意为“自 以来 ”,其后跟一般过去时的从句。例: I have been like this since Friday.I have had the dog for three months.终止性动词也称瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,如:open、 close、 begin、come、 go、
7、 arrive、 reach、 move、 borrow、 buy 等,在现在完成时中不与for 或since连用,必须改为延续性动词。例: He moved here in 2000.He has been here since 2000.非延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有:accept, arrive,become, begin, borrow, break, buy, catch, close, come, die, end, fall, finish, get,g
8、ive,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop 等。终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面两点:(一)终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。例如: They have reached Shanghai他们已经到达了上海。 .Has he gone to London?他已经到伦敦去了吗?(二)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以,在现在完成时中一般不能和以since, for 等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如: The old man has died for a week.那老人已经死了一周了。(误 )He has come
9、here since three days ag他三天前就已经来这儿了。o.(误 )在以上两句中,die 和 come 都是终止性动词,可用于现在完成时,但不能与以since或 for 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,正确表达如下:The old man has been dead for a week.He has been here since three days ago.延续性动词和非延续性动词与since/for的时间状语连用的用法辨析英语中,按其动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1. 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如: learn
10、, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。2. 非延续性动词又称为瞬间动词或终止性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有:accept,arrive, become, begin, borrow, break, buy, catch, close, come, die, end, fall, finish, get, give, go, join, leave, put, reach, receive, sh
11、ut, start, sto等。p3. 延续性动词的用法特征( 1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示“段时间 ”的状语连用。表示“段时间 ”的短语有:for two years, since last year等。如: I have learned English since I came here自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 .( 2)延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间 ”状语连用。如: It rained at eight yesterday morning.误( )rain 为延续性动词,而at eight表示“点时间 ”,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示瞬间的动作,
12、可以借助come, begin, get等瞬间性动词来表示。上句可改为: It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.正( )4. 非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换:buy havestop be overleave be awaycome back be backborrow keepdie be deadbegin be on fall asleep be asleeparrive be here get up be upjoin be in/be a member of例如:They borrowed the book two weeks ago
13、. They have kept the book for two weeks.how long引导的特殊疑问句how long用来询问时间长短或物体长度,意为“多久 ”或 “多长 ”。如: How long were you away from school last year?去年你有多久没在学校?How long is the bridge?这座桥有多长?search/search for的相关用法及拓展课文原句:Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work inthe cities.词汇讲解
14、:1. searchn .& v. 搜索,搜寻,搜查;如: Firefighters searched the buildings for survivors.消防队员在建筑物中搜寻幸存者。2. search的常见用法:search for意为“寻找 ”,后面跟寻找的对象;search sb意为.“对某人搜身”; searcha place意为“搜查某地”; search a place for sth./sb意为 .“在某地搜查某物/某人 ”。如: They started searching for the missing men.他们开始搜寻失踪人员。A policeman stoppe
15、d Jack and searched him.一位警察拦住Jack开始搜身。Armed troops searched the hospital yesterday.武装部队昨天搜查了该医院。3. search还可以作为名词使用,常用短语是in search of.意为“寻找 ”。如: He asked this question in three different ways in search of an answer.为了寻求答案,他以3 种不同的方式问了这个问题。4. 辨析: look for/search for/search/finda. look for 寻找,强调寻找的动作。
16、如: Im looking for my keys in the room.我正在房间里寻找钥匙。b. search for指搜索的具体目标。如: What can we search for on the Internet?我们可以在网络上搜寻到什么?c. search后接地点时指的是搜寻的范围。如: I searched the park.我搜查过公园了。search后接人时,表示搜身。如: The policeman searched the thief.警察对那个小偷进行了搜身。d. find 找到,强调“找 ”的结果。如: I found my keys under the bed.
17、我在床下找到了钥匙。consider的用法讲解一、 consider作 “考虑 ”解时,常有以下搭配:1. consider+名词/代词/动名词如: Youd better consider my suggestion.你最好考虑我的建议。Im considering going abroad someday.我正在考虑某一天出国。二 . consider作 “认为 ”解时,常有以下搭配:1. consider sb./sth.+(as)名词,+表示 “认为某人/某事物是”; 其中 as可以省略。如: We consider him as an honest boy.我们认为他是个诚实的男孩。
18、2. consider+sb./sth.+不定式,表示“认为某人/某事物如何”。如: We all consider him to have stolen the bike我们都认为他偷了自行车。 .3. consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语如: I consider it my duty to help you with your studies.我认为帮助你学习是我的职责。own/on one s own课文原句:For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday.1. own
19、作动词意为“拥有 ”,作形容词意为“自己的 ”;如: His father owns a local pub.他父亲在当地有一家酒吧。Jennifer insisted on her own room.Jennifer坚持要有自己的房间。2. own 的常用短语有:on ones own/of ones own/ones own sth,用法如下: .on ones own=by oneself意为“独自地 ”。如: He lives on his own.他独自一人生活。of ones own意为 “(某人)自己的”,一般用作定语。如: Human is a creator of his o
20、wn destiny.人是其自身命运的主宰者。ones own sth.某人自己的某物如: Success in study mainly depends on ones own efforts.学习上的成功主要靠自己的努力。3. own 的名词形式为owner,意为“所有者 ”。如: I naturally took him to be the owner of the estate.我自然而然地把他当成了庄园的主人。hold/hold on 的用法hold 作及物动词,意为 “握住, 举行, 主持, 容纳 ”, 其过去式和过去分词均为held。如: Hold your hands in front of your face.把双手举在面前。Well hold a meeting to exchange experience.我们将开一场经验交流会。【常用短语】如: Our school will hold a sports meeting next month.我们学校下个月将举行运动会。Hold on a minute.稍等片刻。She couldnt hold back her tears.她忍不住掉下了眼泪。She held up her hand stiffly.她直挺挺地举着手。
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