2020高一英语重难点知识点总结归纳分享.doc

1、2020高一英语重难点知识点总结归纳分享 学好英语要掌握好的学习方法，其中最重要的就是要善于总结知识点，天道酬勤，只要足够努力就会成功！ 高一英语知识点大全1 一. 直接引语和间接引语 (一)直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现

2、在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如： Tom said to me,My brother is doing his homework. Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化： 根据意义进行相应的变化，例如： She asked Jack,Where have you been? She asked Jack where he had been. He said,These books are mine. He said that those b

3、ooks were his. (二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如： She said,Is your father at home? She asked me if/whether my father was at home. What do you do every Sunday?My friend asked me. My fr

4、iend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如： She said to us,Please sit down. She asked us to sit down. He said to him,Go away! He ordered him

5、to go away. He said, Dont make so much noise, boys. He told the boys not to make so much noise. 二. 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式

6、是由助动词be+动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下： 1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行

7、时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt. 7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1.除

8、了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions havent got answered. 2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用情态动词+ be + 过去分词结构。例如： More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work cant be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有be going to, be to等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用be going to + be + 过去分词和be to + be + 过去

9、分词。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：连系动词+用作表语的过去分词构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。例如： The map was changed by someone.(被动结构) That custom re

10、mained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构) 系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。 例如： He was very excited.(系表结构) He was much excited by her words.(被动结构) 5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如： These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 The door wont shut. 这门关

11、不上。 The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。 高一英语知识点大全2 1.right away毫不迟疑，立刻 2.It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示(在某人)看来好像;似乎 It seems/looks/appears as if/though看起来好像 Sb./Sth.looks as if/though There seems/appears(to be) There appears to have been a mistake. 2.in ruins.变为废墟 3.Two-thirds 4.

12、Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 5.under the weight of在重压下，迫于 6.in the open air在户外，在野外，露天 7.take turns to do sth依次，轮流做某事 in turn依次地，轮流地 8.be shocked at对感到震惊 9.be proud of以为自豪 10.express ones thanks to sb/for sth对/因表示感谢 11.without warning毫无预兆 12.next to紧接着，相邻，次于 13

13、.get away from避免，摆脱，离开 14.disaster-hit areas灾区 15.Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody. 听英语是一项很重要的技能，因为只有当我们懂得别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。 16.It is believed that人们认为 17.hold up举起;托住;支撑列举，推举 18.make

14、up弥补,虚构,整理,和解,化妆,拼凑 19.be trapped in被困于 20.It is said that据说. 21.be fixed to被固定到 22.be tied to被绑在 高一英语知识点大全3 【现在进行时】 1. 表示现在 (说话瞬间) 正在进行或发生的动作。 例句 He is reading a newspaper now. 2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时动作不一定正在进行)。 例句 What are you doing these days? 3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等, 常与always, constantl

15、y, continually等副词连用。 例句 He is always thinking of others. 4. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表移动、方向的词。 例句 He is coming to see me next week. 【过去进行时】 1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。 例句 He was sleeping when Mary came to see him. 2. 动词go, come, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。 例句 She said she wa

16、s going to Beijing the day after tomorrow. 【一般现在时】 1. 表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。 例句 He often does his homework in his study. 2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。 例句 The dictionary belongs to me. 3. 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言, 以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。 例句 The moon

17、goes around the sun. 4. 在有连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表将来。 例句 If you work hard, you wont fail in the exam. 【一般过去时】 1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 例句 She went to the zoo yesterday. 2. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 例句 He said when she came he would tell her. 【一般将来时】 1.

18、 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 例句 I dont know what will happen in the future. 2. 常用来表示将来时的结构包括： (1) shall / will + 动词原形：(单纯) 表将来, 一般不用于条件句。 (2) be going to + 动词原形：(计划)打算做。 (3) be about to + 动词原形：即将或正要去做某事,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。 (4) be to + 动词原形：预定要做。 (5) be doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与go, start, s

19、et out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的动词连用。 【现在完成时】 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例句 Have you had your supper yet? Yes, I have just had it. 2. 常与介词for, during, in, within, over等引导的时间状语连用, 表示过去的某一行为一直延续到现在。 例句 I havent seen my English teacher for a long time. 3. 表示反复或习惯性的动作, 常与severa

20、l times, once, twice, frequently等频度副词连用。 例句 I have been to the USA several times. 4. 表示从过去到现在没有发生过的动作。 例句 I havent swept the floor for a week. 5. 用在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。 例句 Ill tell him after you have left. 6. 在级+ 名词或在这是第几次之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。 例句 This is the third time I have been there. This is the best tea I have ever drunk. 【过去完成时】 1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。 例句 By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words. 2. 有些动词 (如： hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等) 的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。 例句 I had hoped to see more of Beijing.