上海牛津版七年级上Unit1知识点和练习(带答案).doc

1、Unit 1 Relatives in Beijing知识网络知识清单重点1. 掌握现在完成时的语法结构，并能运用现在完成时描述过去延续到现在的事件。2. 掌握用形容词比较级描述事物和物品。3. 学习并掌握表示方位的词组。4. 用how引导的疑问句提问5. 书信的写作格式。难点1. 运用现在完成时描述已经发生的事情。2. 语言知识的迁移应用。易错点1. 方位名词表达方向。2. 现在完成时的使用。高频考点1. 现在完成时和be going to结构。2. 运用形容词比较级比较事物。词汇清单牛津词汇invitev.邀请brickn.砖expensiveadj.昂贵的stonen.石头；石料；岩石t

2、alk to 说话；讲话；谈话mountainn.高山；山岳*brochuren.资料手册ancientadj.古老的agentn.代理人；经纪人historyn.历史soonadv.不久；很快；马上interestn.吸引力；趣味at the end of (August)在（八月）底holidayn.假期*swann.天鹅wonderfuladj.精彩的；令人高兴的raisev.提升；举起anotherpron.另一（事物或人）nationaladj.国家的知识梳理第一部分：词汇精讲1. invite v. 邀请 Ive invited the Smiths to visit us nex

3、t Friday. 我已经邀请史密斯一家下周五来家里玩。【短语】invite sb. to do sth.【联想记忆】invitation n. 邀请函；请柬Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week.本周数百张请贴正在发出。区别invite和invent区别发音：invite nvat invent nvent区别词义：invent vt. 发明；创造 【联想记忆】invention n. 发明物 inventor n. 发明者 He invented the first electric clock. 他发明了第一个电子钟。2.

4、 expensive adj. 昂贵的 I think international calls are very expensive. 我认为国际长途费用很高。【近义】dear adj. 昂贵的【反义】cheap adj. 便宜点I would choose the cheaper one. 我还是选择稍便宜点的那个吧！价格高低表达法The price of the maglev is very , isnt it ? A. high B. cheap C. expensive D. dear【答案】A注：价格是高低，东西是贵贱The price is high/low. The thing

5、is expensive/cheap.3. talk to 与某人谈话 = talk with sb. He stopped to talk to me when seeing me. 看到我的时候，他停下来和我说话。talk, speak, say, tell 的区别 say一般作及物动词用，着重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词，代词或宾语从句。 He can say his name. 他会说他的名字。 Please say it in English. 请用英语说。 Shes saying “Dont draw on the wall.” 她在说“别在墙上画”。 speak强调说的动作，不

6、强调所说的内容 。作及物动词时，常以某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时，常见的搭配形式有: speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）speak to sb. 跟某人讲话，此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合的演讲或演说。 Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗？ She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话。 He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话。 talk 一般为不及物动词，意思是交谈，谈话，着重强调两者之间的相互对话。 She is talking

7、with Lucy in English. 她正在和露茜用英语交谈。 What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么？ The teacher is talking to him. 老师正在和他谈话。 tell常作及物动词，意为讲述、告诉，动词常跟双宾语。 tell sb. sthtell sth to sb. 告诉某人某He is telling the children a story. 他正在给孩子们讲一个故事。 Did you tell her the news? Did you tell the news to her? 你把这个消息告诉她了吗？4. broc

8、hure n. 资料手册 Ill send you the brochure right away. 我会马上把资料手册给你寄过去。5. agent n. 代理人；经纪人 He is now an agent. 他现在是一名代理人。【联想记忆】agency n. 代理处 【拓展】travel agent；travel agency6. soon adv. 不久；很快；马上 He will come back soon. 他很快就会回来。7. at the end of (August) 在（八月）底【反义】at the beginning of【比较】at the end; at last;

9、in the end比较学习。8. swan n. 天鹅 This love story is about a swan prince and a swan princess. 这是关于一个天鹅王子和一个天鹅公主的爱情故事。9. raise vt. 提升，举起 He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。比较raise & riseraise 为vt.rise 为vi. The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。10. national adj. 国家的 The national news comes after the

10、international news. 国内新闻在国际新闻之后报道。【联想记忆】nationality n. 国籍 international adj. 国际的 nation n. 国家 native adj. 当地的11. brick n. 砖 The wall is built of bricks and stones. 这堵墙是砖石砌成的。12. stone n. 石头；石料；岩石 This is a stone building. 这是一座石料建筑物。13. mountain n. 高山；山岳 Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the worl

11、d. 珠穆朗玛是世界上最高的山峰。【联想记忆】mountainous adj. 多山的14. ancient adj.古老的 Have you ever read about ancient Rome? 你读过关于古罗马的故事吗？15. history n. 历史 History is my favourite subject at school. 历史是我在学校中最喜爱的学科。【联想记忆】historical adj. 历史上的；有关历史的，修饰的人或事都是过去的真人真事a historical play 一部历史剧historic adj. 有历史意义的，指某地具有悠久历史或某事被载入史册

12、。a congress of historic significance 具有历史意义的大会history n. 历史。是过去发生的真事。story n. 故事。叙述的事是过去的，但不一定发生过。16. interest n. 吸引力；趣味；利润 I found no interest in such things. 我对这些不感兴趣。【联想记忆】interest v. 使感兴趣 interested adj. 感兴趣的；有兴趣的 interesting adj.有趣的17. holiday n. 假期 We really enjoyed our holiday. 我们假期玩得很开心。18.

13、wonderful adj. 精彩的；令人高兴的 After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. 一顿美餐之后，他们就围着营火讲故事、唱歌。19. another pron. 另一（事物或人） I would like another day to rest. 我想再休息一天。比较one the other 与one another前者表示只有两样东西，除了一个，就是另一个，所知的东西确定；后者表示所存在的物体多于两个，所知的东西不确定。Theres not a thing in his lef

14、t hand. What about the other? 他左手什么东西也没有。另一只手呢？（一共就两只手，除了一只就是另一只。）This jacket doesnt fit me well. Show me another, please. 这件夹克不适合我。再拿一件给我看看。（商店里的服装不止一件，试完一件，再试剩下的许多件中的一件。）第二部分：重点句型1. I havent seen my cousins before. 我以前没见过我的堂弟、堂妹。before 在本句中是个副词，意为“在之前，在以前”的意思，用于引导时间状语从句。They havent been to the USA

15、 before. 他们以前没有去过美国。2. Its cheaper and more interesting. （坐火车）更便宜，而且更有趣。【比较】cheap和interesting两个形容词的比较级的不同之处。3. Lets talk to Mum and Kitty, 我们跟妈妈还有凯蒂谈谈吧！talk to 意为“与交谈”。我们通常用talk to sb. 或talk with sb. 来表示“与交谈”的含义。They taught the little boy not to talk to strangers. 他们教育小男孩不要和陌生人说话。4. Im going to get

16、some brochures from the travel agent. 我打算到旅行社代理人那里拿些小册子。本例中，getfrom, 意为“从处得到”。I get my pocket money of 200 yuan every month from my mother. 我每月可从妈妈那儿拿到200元零用钱。5. Yes, wed like to travel to Beijing by plane. 是的，我们想坐飞机去北京。(1) would like to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”，相当于want to do sth. Id like to have a swim in

17、 the sea. 我想去海里游泳。 (=I want to have a swim in the sea.) (2)travel to “到旅游”，相当于have a trip to We will travel to Hainan Island this summer. 这个夏天想我们将去海南岛旅游。(相当于We will have a trip to Hainan Island this summer.)6. How long does it take to travel from Garden City to Beijing by plane?从花园城坐飞机去北京要多久？how lon

18、g 引导的特殊疑问句询问“(时间)多久”，How long will it take you to go to school? 你去学校要多久？易混辨析：how long 与 how far how long “多长”，指时间上的长短，通常用来询问时间。How long does it take you to get to the airport? 你需要多长时间到达机场？ how far“多远”，指路程的远近，通常用来询问距离。How far is it from the school to your home? 从学校到你家有多远？【注】如果孩子成绩较好，可帮孩子继续拓展总结how lon

19、g, how soon, how fast, how far之间的区别7. How much does it cost? 这要多少钱？ how much 引导的特殊疑问句用来询问“（价格）多少”。How much does this pen cost? 这支钢笔多少钱？【注】带学生比较记忆cost, spend, pay, take8. Were going to visit Beijing on 16 August. 我们计划8月16日去游览北京。on 16 August 是指“在8月16日”。在具体的日期之前用介词on。9. The Li family has arrived in Bei

20、jing. 李先生一家到达了北京。(1) the Li family 指“李先生一家”。本例中的family为单数，强调“一家人；家庭”。而有时family也可以表示“家庭成员”，此时它是一个集合名词，视作复数。【比较】 His family are all waiting for him. 他的家人都在等他。（指家人） My family is large. 我的家是一个大家庭。（指家庭）(2) arrive in 意为“到达”。要注意与arrive at 的区别。一般来说，arrive in 后跟国家、城镇等地名，arrive at 后常跟学校、机场、工厂等表示场所或地方的词。【比较】Fl

21、ight NO. BA 4793 will arrive in London at 16:50. 英国航空公司的4793号航班将于16时50分抵达伦敦。You must arrive at the airport two hours before the departure time. 你必须在飞机起飞前两个小时到达机场。10. It is in the north-west of Beijing. 它（颐和园）位于北京的西北部。in the north-west of是“在西北部”的意思。11. Tourists can see swans swimming on the lake. 游客们

22、可以见到天鹅在湖面上游泳。see sb/sth doing sth 是“看到正在做某事”的意思。试比较：see sb/sth do sth & see sb/sth doing sth前者强调看到了动作整个过程，而后者强调看到了动作的一个片段。I saw them playing football when I passed the playground. 走过操场的时候，我看到他们正在踢足球。 (强调在过操场的那个时刻所看到的东西)I saw them play football all afternoon yesterday. 昨天我看到他们踢了一下午足球。12. People built

23、 it a long time ago with bricks and stones. 很久以前人们用砖和石头建造了它（指长城）。 with在本例中是“用”的意思，后面常常加“工具”。【回忆】with 的常见含义：a) 和一起； b) 有；拥有；带有 c)用；使用13. It can hold more than one million people. 它（指天安门广场）可以容纳一百多万人。 more than 是“超过；多于”的意思，与over（超过）意思相近。14. The children are planning to visit different places of interes

24、t in Beijing. 孩子们正打算参观北京不同的名胜古迹。 1) plan to do sth 是“打算做”的意思； 2) a place of interest 是“名胜古迹”的意思。15. She is writing a letter to her cousin, Lucy. 凯蒂正在给她的堂妹露西写信。 write a letter to sb. 是“给写信”的意思，我们可以简单地说成write to sb. Ill write to you again, Laura. 劳拉，我还会再给你写信的。16. Ben and I had a wonderful time in Beij

25、ing. 我和本在北京玩得很开心。 have a wonderful time与 have a very good time以及enjoy oneself （复数： enjoy ourselves） 意思相近，都表示“玩得很高兴；过得很愉快。” Did you have a good time/ enjoy yourself last week in Beijing? 上个星期你在北京玩得开心吗？第三部分：语法点拨1. 形容词比较级将两个人物或事物进行比较，表示“较”或“更”要用比较级，其构成方式简单叙述如下：构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末尾+er和+estgreatgreatergreat

26、est单音节词以e结尾，只+r和+stnicewisenicerwisernicestwisest重读闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再+er和+estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest少数以y结尾的双音节形容词，如y前为辅音字母，则变y为i，再+er和+esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiesteasiest其他双音节词和多音节词前加more和mostcarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmost beautiful不规则变化goodbett

27、erbestbad/badlyworseworstwellillmanymoremostfarfartherfarthestmuchfurtherfurthestoldolderoldestlittlelessleasteldereldest2. 现在完成时(1) 现在完成时的基本结构：have/has + 动词的过去分词(2) 现在完成时的用法： a)表示动作到现在为止已经完成。常有以下状语（always，yet，just，now，recently，lately，today等）。例如：I have finished my work today.He has bought a new bike

28、 recently. b) 表示过去发生的动作：一度（once）、曾经（ever）、未曾（never）。例如：I have seen the play twice.Have you ever studied Greek？No，never. c) 可以表示由过去持续到现在（也许可继续进行下去）的动作或状态。常与for，since引导的时间状语连用，或与“how long”连用。例如：I have collected the coins for many years.Margaret has studied ballet since she was a child.*注意：用现在完成时表示延续的概

29、念时，只能用含延续意义的动词，不可用瞬间动词。例如：His grandfather has died for ages.（误）His grandfather has been dead for ages.（正）His grandfather died ages ago.（正）It is ages since his grandfather died.（正）常用的瞬间动词有：arrive，become，begin，borrow，buy，close，come，die，fall，finish，get up，go，hear，join，leave，open，reach，receive，see，stop，

30、start等。瞬间动词和延续性动词有时可以转换瞬间动词延续性动词瞬间动词延续性动词瞬间动词延续性动词arrive herebe herebegin/startbe onbecomebebuyhaveborrowkeepcome herebe here catch a coldhave a colddiebe deadfall illbe illfinish/endbe overgo outbe outget tobe injoinbe a member ofleavebe away fromturn onbe on d) 现在完成时中have gone to表示去了某处，人在所去的地方或途中；

31、have been to表示去过某处，但现在不在那里，have been in表示一直在某处。 Mark has gone to Beijing马克到北京去了。 She has been in Shanghai for a year.她在上海待了一年。 He has been to Japan only once他只去过日本一次。3. 表方位的介词短语在生活中，表示方位的通常有四个正向和四个偏向，如下：东 east西 west南 south北 north东南 south-east西南 south-west东北 north-east西北 north-west【比较】in the of；on th

32、e of；to the of u A is in the of B 表示A在B的内部某方位。Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。u A is on the of B表示A与B是接壤的关系。Zhejiang is on the south of Jiangsu. 浙江在江苏的南面。u A is to the of B表示两地不接壤，有相隔开的海等。Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。（有海相隔）经典例题【词汇篇】例1.（）填空，补全下面的文章。Tiananmen Square is _ the cent

33、re of Beijing. It is a huge open area. It can hold more than _(一百万) people. Every morning, tourists can see soldiers _(升起) the Chinese _ (国旗) in the square.【考点】介词的表达和词汇的应用【解析】介词短语in the centre of，教师可适当拓展其他表方位的介词短语。see sb. doing sth表示看到某人正在做某事。该文章来源于牛津版教科书第一单元，看似简单的文章挖空后，会将学生平时学习时习以为常而实际薄弱的知识点凸显出来。【答

34、案】in；one million; raising; national flag例2.（）Mary shows great _ (interesting) in computers.【考点】词性转换【解析】interest n. 兴趣【答案】interest例3.（）There are more than two _ people in this city. A. millions B. million C. millions ofD. million of 【考点】million的用法【解析】million前有具体数字时，表示具体几百万，此时，million不需要加s； millions o

35、f 表示上百万的。【答案】B【句型语法篇】例4.（）Well travel to the New York City_. A. in 25 June B. on 25 JuneC. on the twenty-five of JuneD. at the twenty-fifth of July【考点】介词的时间表达【解析】在具体某个日期前要用介词on；25 June读作“the twenty-fifth of June”。【答案】B例5.（）Its _ to travel to Xinjiang by train than by plane. A. slow B. slowly C. slow

36、er D. more slowly【考点】形容词的比较级【解析】be动词后面应该用形容词，slow的比较级直接在词尾加er。【答案】C例6.（）The Lis have invited us _ them in the picnic this weekend. A. join B. to join C. joining D. joined【考点】不定式和动词短语【解析】invite sb. to do sth.【答案】B【能力篇】例7.（）阅读短文，根据首字母提示填入合适的单词使内容完整。I finished my cooking course in a college at the age

37、of 21. I thought I was going to become a world famous cook. I hoped people would t 1 from all over the world just to get a taste of my food. But three months later, I knew I was wrong. Since nobody was traveling to t 2 my food, I decided I should travel to taste theirs. During my travel, I v 3 many

38、different countries, such as Japan and France, where different k 4 of food opened my eyes. I especially loved the experiences in Italy and China. When in Italy, I l 5 how to make pizza and s 6 . We had long lazy lunches in the sun and evening meals where the conversations went on long into the night

39、. In C 7 , I loved the hot Sichuan food and enjoyed the delicious Beijing snacks. I also discovered the joy of making d 8 with good friends. My year of travel came to an end too quickly, but I had decided what I should do for the rest of my L 9 . I want to bring the fantastic food of the w 10 into m

40、y kitchen in New York.1._ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ 【考点】首字母填空【解析】该篇与旅行和食物有关。主要以故事叙述为主，难度不大。【答案】1.travel 2.taste 3.visited 4.kinds 5.learned 6.salads 7.China 8.dumplings 9.life 10.world【教学建议】本单元以旅行安排为主线，涉及较多的日常口语表达。对于程度一般的学生，重点要求其掌握本单元的词汇、词组和句型。现将本单元重点词组、句型列举如下：at the end of (Augu

41、st) 在（八月）底；talk to 说话，讲话，谈话；travel to by plane 乘飞机到某处旅行；How long does it take to travel from Garden City to Beijing by plane? 从花园城到北京旅行乘飞机要花多长时间？It can hold more than one million people. 它能容纳一百多万人。 Ben and I had a wonderful time in Beijing. 我和本在北京度过了一段愉快的时光。对于程度较好的学生，可对课文中重点部分进行挖空，请学生做填空练习。这种填空的难度较大，能够真正检测学生对知识的掌握水平，如“经典例题”例1。