2019考研英语二真题试卷.docx

1、2019考研英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on the ANSWER SHET(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations 1 , when done too often, this habit can so

2、metimes hurt more that it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on

3、the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in y

4、our weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to ll my weight ea

5、ch week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Im constantly 15 and dro

6、pping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Ive also exp

7、erienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals. 19 Im training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you kook, feel, how you clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Bes

8、ides2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A lowering B. explaining C.accepting D. recording5. A. set B. review C.reach D.modify6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D.definition7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8

9、. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A.judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. though B. again C.indeed D. instead 11. A. track B. overlook C.conceal D. report12. A. approve of B. hold onto C.account for D. depend on13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D prepare14. A. features B. rul

10、es C.tests D results15. A anxious B. hungry C.sick D. bored16. A. secret B belief C. sign D. principle17. A. necessity B. decision C.wish D. request18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. because B. unless C.until D. if 20. A. dominating B. puzzling C.triumphing D. obses

11、singSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A DirectionsRead the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B，C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in c

12、onjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say Im sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right

13、amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable - its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is a

14、nd what role guilt can serve, says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binary -feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, m

15、ay have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It i

16、s a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent di

17、fferent pathways to cooperation and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children Usi

18、ng caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations, she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to shared them with an anonymous child. For the low-s

19、ympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs deprivation Thats good news, Malti says. We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel

20、 regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_A) foster a childs moral developmentB) regulate a childs basic emotionsC) improve a childs intellectual abilityD) intensity a childs positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be_A

21、) inexcusableB) deceptionC) addictiveD) burdensome23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness thatA)emotions air context-independentB)an emotion can play opposing rolesC)emotion are socially constructiveD) emotional stability can benefit health24. Malti and others have sho

22、wn that cooperation and sharing A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive aets25. The word transgressions (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to_A. TeachingsB, discussionsC. Res

23、trictionsD. D. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastenin

24、g could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap . but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuablecarbon sinks long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now, Califo

25、rnia is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a gr

26、eater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such

27、planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,00 by 2030- financed

28、from the proceeds of the state s emissions- permit auctions, Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material

29、 removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally theyve focused on

30、wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormias plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying one of the harder challenges ,th

31、e author implies that_ A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable carbon sinks, we may need to_ A. preserve the diversity of species in the

32、mB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon- absorbing capacity28. Californias Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill

33、insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to Californias plan according to Paragraph 5?A. To handle the areas in serious danger firstB. To carry it out before the year of 2020C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support30. The aut

34、hors attitude to Californias plan can best be described as_.A. AmbiguousB. TolerantC. SupportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm works.Congress has obstru

35、cted efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry.If this doesnt change.American munities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigra

36、nts. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Todays farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single, Theyre also aging. At the start

37、 of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as its been all along: Native U.S. workers wont be returning to the farm.Mechanization is

38、not the answer eithernot yet, at least. Production of com,cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they re autom

39、ated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unli

40、ke the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they arent given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days l

41、ate. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground. In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving oper

42、ations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed ac

43、cording to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_ A.

44、 the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33, What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers bac

45、k to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34, Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the f

46、ollowing could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: Its easy to beat plastic. Theyre part of a bunch of celebrities

47、 starring in a new video for World Environment Day encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legisl

48、ation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They co