1、English skills nlistening 听听nspeaking 说说nreading 读读 viewing 看看nwriting 写写ntranlating 译译 中考指导中考指导:翻译语篇翻译语篇(translation)命题形式:命题形式:n以一篇以一篇短文短文的形式出现,将其中的的形式出现,将其中的5 5个句子个句子下面划线,下面划线,3 3个:英译汉个:英译汉 2 2个:汉译英个:汉译英n每题每题2 2分,分,共共1010分分 。考纲要求考纲要求n考查学生的考查学生的英汉互译英汉互译能力:能力:n考查学生考查学生 对对中西文化差异中西文化差异的了解;的了解;对对常用短语、习
2、惯用语和重要句型常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用;的运用;对对句子结构句子结构、语法知识语法知识的掌握的掌握 对对简单的翻译技巧简单的翻译技巧的掌握。的掌握。1、各类重要句型结构(重要句型结构(定语从句等定语从句等)2、搭配搭配(动词短语,名词短语)、3、重点词的用法及习惯表达重点词的用法及习惯表达、4、主要语法规则语法规则及其运用等 5、简单的翻译技巧(简单的翻译技巧(省略、补充,词义选择引申、省略、补充,词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等)。考查重点考查重点翻译的标准翻译的标准n信:意义忠实于原文n达:表达通顺,符合逻辑n雅:语言优美中考解题技巧中
3、考解题技巧u1明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。一般说来,语篇翻译都有个明显的考查意图,或考查某个单词的用法或习惯表达,或考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或考查某条语法规则的运用等等。明确命题意图,便可加强做题的针对性。中考解题技巧中考解题技巧u2注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。英汉两种语言在用词选句方面有许多不同之处,不可根据汉语的思维去翻译英语句子。比如:汉语的“踢和“打篮球”,分别要用“踢”和“打”,且习惯上不能替换,但在英语中既不用kick(踢),也不用beat(打),却通用一个play。所以英语中的习惯搭配,
4、同学们在复习迎考过程中都要特别注意。中考解题技巧中考解题技巧u3不要逐字翻译。不要逐字翻译。u比如“我工作很忙”,应译为Im busy,不可逐字译为 My work is very busy,u此类问题,考生在复习迎考中一定要予以重视。解题指导解题指导n通读通读短文,了解大意。n分析分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态n调序、润色调序、润色。n 切不可逐字逐句地翻译切不可逐字逐句地翻译翻译技巧指导:(翻译技巧指导:(易错点、难点)易错点、难点)n连词的翻译n定语从句的翻译nit 句型的翻译n否定转移的翻译n被动语态的翻译一、连词的翻译 and :和、与nLucy and her mother
5、often go shopping on weekends.n露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。(不可省)一、连词的翻译 Young people and older people do not always agree.They sometimes have different ideas about living,working and playing.n年青人和老人(的想法)不总是一致,有时他们对生活、工作和玩有不同的看法。(不可省)一、连词的翻译一、连词的翻译 The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.n n 太阳是明亮的,太阳是明亮的,和和天空是干净的。
6、天空是干净的。(X)n 阳光明媚,晴空万里。阳光明媚,晴空万里。(省译)省译)n 一、连词的翻译 nHe left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.n 去年三月他离开公司,去哈佛做了访问学者。(省译)一、连词的翻译 1)However,they worry about their schoolwork and cant fall asleep quickly.n 然而,他们担心他们的学业,不能很快入眠。(省译)一、连词的翻译 n他不开心,不知道如何处理这件事。nHe is unha
7、ppy and doesnt know how to deal with this thing.一、连词的翻译 解题策略n英语中连词用得多,汉语中连词用得少。英译汉时,有些连词可以省译。n汉译英,要适当增加连词,成文连贯。一、连词的翻译一、连词的翻译 n Though it isnt like a table,I like it very much.n 虽然虽然它看起来不像张桌子,它看起来不像张桌子,但是但是我很喜欢它。(我很喜欢它。(成对使成对使用)用)补译补译n虽然虽然那个梦想没有实现那个梦想没有实现,但是,但是现在他成功了现在他成功了。nThough that dream has not
8、 come true,now he is successful.n That dream has not come true,but he is successful.n(删减删减)一、连词的翻译 n解题策略:n英语中“though”、“but”/“because”、“so”只能用其中之一,n 但汉语中“虽然但是”、“因为所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。二、定语从句的翻译nGuilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.n 桂林是个桂林是个有山有水的有山有水的地方。地方。nHe refused to give up the goal
9、 which is very clear.n他拒绝放弃他拒绝放弃近在咫尺的近在咫尺的目标。目标。二、定语从句的翻译n解题策略;n 对于较短的定语从句,英译汉时,可译成带“的”的前置定语,可把复合句译成简单句nHe was very thankful to the land where he grew up.n他很感谢他生长的这片土地二、定语从句的翻译nI met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.n 我遇到一位老人,我遇到一位老人,这位老人要我注意健康这位老人要我注意健康n解题策略解题策略n对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句,在英译
10、汉时,对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句,在英译汉时,可将其后可将其后置,将整个句子结构译成并列句,并重复先行词。置,将整个句子结构译成并列句,并重复先行词。二、定语从句的翻译nThey should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.n他们应该远离这些工作,这些工作会对他们的生活有很坏的影响。n(长句拆分)三、It 句型翻译n解题策略:n 引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时,本身没有独立意义,可以省译。n熟记 it 句型,做到英汉互译自如。三、It 句型翻译nIt be+adj(for sb)t
11、o do sth.n对sb 来说,做sth.(要sb做sth.)nIt takes sb(some time)to do sth.n sb花费多少时间做sth。nI find/think it+adj to do sth.我认为做sth.三、三、It 句型翻译句型翻译nIt was difficult to remember all the faces and names.n 要记住所有的面孔和名字很难要记住所有的面孔和名字很难。nI think it hard for them to understand your joken我认为,对他们来说,明白你的笑话很难我认为,对他们来说,明白你的笑
12、话很难.n=我认为,要他们明白你的笑话很难我认为,要他们明白你的笑话很难.nIt took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park.n志愿者花了整整一个下午打扫公园。志愿者花了整整一个下午打扫公园。四、否定转移的翻译nI dont think he can pass the exam.n我认为他不可能通过这次考试nI dont believe that he can speak to the old so I dont believe that he can speak to the old so impolitelyim
13、politely。n我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。n解题策略:当主句部分是“I dont think”,“I dont believe”,“I dont suppose”等结构时,翻译成汉语时,要注意否定转移在宾语从句里。四、否定转移的翻译n我认为我们不该浪费时间nI dont think/suppose we should waste time.n我相信他不会抽烟。nI dont believe he can smoke.n汉译英:n否定转移,变成 I dont think/believe.五、被动语态的翻译n被动语态的句子有时有“被”有时无“被”,n一定认真分析主动还是被动。n熟记被动语
14、态的各种时态:n 一般现在时:am/is/are+V过去分词n一般过去时:was/were+V过去分词n一般将来词:will be+V过去分词n 现在完成时:have/has been+V过去分词n情态动词的被动语态:can/should/.be+V过去分词五、被动语态的翻译nThe blue sky is reflected(映衬)in the deep blue lake.n 蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中(无“被”)nSome of his works are translated into English,French and Japanese.(有“被”)n他的一些作品被译成了英语、
15、法语和日语。n我们学校是2011年建的。nOur school was built in 2011.六、汉译英存在的主要问题n时态、语态不对。n句子结构不完整:缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌n中文式语序:时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前n动词直接做主语、表语、宾语n固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好汉译英:诊断、改错n他生于1955年,在山东的一个小村庄长大。nHe born in 1955,in Shandong a small village grow up.n-nHe was born in 1955 and grew up at a small village in Shandong.n(调
16、整语序,补译)汉译英:诊断、改错n我非常喜欢看电视nI very like watch TV.n-I like watching TV(like to watch TV)very much.n(语序,搭配)汉译英:诊断、改错n玩太多的电游对你的眼睛有害nPlay too much computer games is bad for your eyes.n-Playing too much computer games is bad for your eyes.n(语法知识:Ving 做主语)汉译英:诊断、改错n最主要的事情是平衡好学业和兼职工作nThe most important thing
17、 is balance shoolwork and part-time jobs.n-nThe most importand thing is to keep(keeping)a balance between schoolwork and part-time jobs.汉译英:诊断、改错n每当我参加聚会,我的朋友就鼓励我唱歌。nWhen I take part in the party,my friends encourage me sing.n-Whenever I go to the party,my friends encourage me to sing.My best friend
18、 Michael is a 15-year-old boy.We are in the same class.He works very hard.He is never late for school and 1.他所有功课都学得好。He is always ready to help others.My math is very poor,so he often helps me with it after class.2.His parents are both teachers and they are really busy,so he often helps do the hous
19、ework at home.He is a little shorter but he is stronger than me.He likes playing football very much at school.We often play football together and he plays it well.3.But Im more interested in art.He gets on well with our classmates.Everyone in our class likes him.But now its time to graduate and 4.我们
20、即将离开学校。Michael and I are going to different high schools.In the future,he wants to be a policeman and I hope to be a musician.5.We believe our friendship will be forever.n1.he does well in/is good at his lessons/subjects/study.解析:be good at/do well in 固定动词短语,意为“擅长”。注意动词应用第三人称单数形式。n2.他的父母都是老师,工作很忙,所以他经常在家帮着做家务。n3.但我对艺术/美术更感兴趣。解析:be interested in 意“对感兴趣”。n4.we are going to leave our school.解析:表示位置移动的动词(leave,arrive,come等)的现在进行时可表示将来的动作。n5.我们相信我们的友谊将永存。n 挑战“翻译语篇”n 积累 +技巧
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