初中英语中考阅读理解解题思路整理（共三类题型）.doc

1、中考英语阅读理解解题思路一、理解主旨大意题考查学生对于文章的中心思想或全文梗概的领会、理解和概括能力。主旨大意题常见的设问方式1).What does the writer mainly tell us?2).This is a passage about 3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4).Which is the subject discussed in the text?5).The writer wrote the passage in order to6).Whats the best title for

2、 this passage?7).Whats the main idea of this passage?8).The main idea / point of the passage is that _.9).From the passage, we can learn/ conclude _.10).What can we know from the whole passage?二、根据上下文猜测单词题这种阅读理解测试题是对短文中某一个句子中的某一个超纲的单词或者短语画线，让考生猜测其汉语意思或者英语解释意义。短文中出现的超纲词或者短语要求学生在读懂短文的内容，理解短文的大概意思的基础上并

3、且根据短文上下文的意思和情景进行猜测和推断。猜测单词的一些方法：1.根据构词法猜测词意。例如：前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate/ calculator; visit/ visitor; law/ lawyer; wait/waiter; science/ scientist; art/ artist等。2.通过因果关系猜

4、词。首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。Eg: You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.3.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known someth

5、ing about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus (金星)、Mars (火星)、Jupiter (木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表示转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,Eg:He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出hom

6、ely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义。例如：Bob works in a car factory near his home.He works very hard.He needs to work 8 hours every day.He will be on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.next week. Whats the Chinese meaning of the underlined words ?A开夜车 B夜班 C熬夜 D晚上休息5.通过句法功能来推测词义。例如：Bananas，oranges，p

7、ineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。三、判断推理题1、简单推理所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。问句中都含有infer, imply,

8、indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词这种问题的提问方式通常有：(1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that _. What can be inferred from the passage? From the last paragraph we can infer that _.(2) We can infer from the text that _. What can we learn from? We can conclude from the passage that _.(3) The last sentence of the fir

9、st paragraph most probably implies that_ (4) The author implies that by the year 2050, _ .(5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_ .(6) The author mentions the fact thatto show_ .(7) This passage would most likely be found in _(8) The authors attitude toward is _(

10、9) The tone of the passage can best be described as _2、复杂推理复杂推理不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。下面是几种复杂的推理方法：(1)推测作者的写作目的和意图，此类的设题形式有： The purpose in writing this text is to .The author writes this passage to .The author in this passage intends to .推测作者

11、的写作目的,必须要先了解文章的主题,然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。(2)推测文章的观点或结论，此类设题形式有:It can be inferred from the passage that .What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?From the passage we can conclude that .这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测出文中的某一观点，仍离不开对全文主要观点或中心思想的把握。(3)推断文章的出处，设题形式有:The passage is most

12、likely to be taken from .Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of .这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称;广告：因其格式和语言特殊，容易辨认;产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。(4)推断短文中人物性格，设题形式有:What do we know about somebody in the text?What kind of man som

13、ebody is?Somebody can be said to be .做这类题时一定要注意：准确把握字里行间的意思，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的观点;特别注意表达情感、态度和观点的词语。(5)借助文章结构进行推测：有些推断题要从文章结构的角度进行分析，才能推断出正确答案。因此，阅读时不仅要注重词、句的理解，而且还要分析语篇的组织结构。注意：1.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验；2.如果选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，是文章中原句，那它就不是推论，也不是正确答案；3.如果选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；4.如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；5.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should, must, may, etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；6.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively, rather等，则常带有否定的口气；7.某些过渡词如however, but, on the contrary, what is more等，后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。3