高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析(DOC 17页).doc

1、高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When were hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are

2、 eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelors degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But theres a quest

3、ion: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a three-year degree model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified studen

4、ts to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly throw out one quarter of the required credits. Profes

5、sors will resist diluting (稀释) the quality of the education they offer. In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside t

6、heir major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than its not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow stu

7、dents to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University.（1）Which of the following can best sum up the main idea?

8、A.Its time to shorten the learning process.B.Best learning takes place over time.C.University education should be watered down.D.College education calls for reform.（2）We can learn from the passage that _. A.most American universities are against the three-year degree modelB.many famous US universiti

9、es are considering adopting the three-year degree modelC.professors are willing to accept the three-year degree modelD.The three-year degree model can make college learning more efficient（3）In most US universities, _. A.college students are offered the co-op programB.electives credits make up one qu

10、arter of the required creditsC.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduationD.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time（4）We can infer that_. A.the author is a college professor exploring ways to make learning more efficientB.the author thinks the cost of a unive

11、rsity education is too high for people to affordC.the author considers the university education quality very importantD.the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，保证足够的时间才能保证大学教育的质量。 （1）考查主旨大意。根据第二

12、段中的“Few US universities have formally approved a three-year degree model.”很少有美国大学正式批准“三年学位”模式；以及最后一段中的“In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education.”在我看来，优质的四年教育总是优于优质的三年教育。可推断，文章作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，学好大学功课是需要付出时间的，所以这篇文章的中心思想是“最好的学习是随着时间的推移而进

13、行的。”，故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Few US universities have formally approved a three-year degree model.”美国很少有大学正式批准“三年制学位”模式。由此推断出，大多数美国大学反对“三年制学位”模式，故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obta

14、ining a number of college credits.”一方面，大多数大学已经允许合格的学生通过某些课程的考试和获得一些大学学分提前毕业。可知，特别优秀的大学生可以提前毕业。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.”大学教育要求学生有足够的时间掌握专业技能，并在专业以外的领域学习课程；以及“It i

15、s not a good idea to water down education, any more than its not a good idea to water down medicine.”削弱教育不是个好主意，就像削弱医学不是个好主意一样。可知作者非常看重大学教育质量。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Atop almost every Tokyo visitors must-see list, Harajuku is one of

16、 the citys most named-checked neighborhoods. Heres a quick look at some of the highlights every Harajuku visitor should experience. Takeshita Street The first thing youre going to want to do is get sucked into the vortex of Takeshita Street, the best place to try purikuru photo booths and observe th

17、e latest cosplay trends - from Cothic Lolita to cyberpunk. WEGO is a popular fashion chain offering the latest trends and a section for vintage clothes. Tutuanna is where you can find interesting socks that will add an ample dose of kawaii to your outfit. Cat Street Cat Street is more relaxing place

18、 to stroll and shop, with stores focusing on higher-end brands. RAGTAG is the best place to find second-hand items. Harajuku Chicago boasts a wide variety of vintage clothes, including baseball team happi coats and traditional kimonos. Omotesando Avenue Another famous shopping street Omotesando Aven

19、ue is a large, tree-lined thoroughfare that cuts through Harajuku and is filled with hundreds of shops and restaurants. Sukajyan Dept, a tiny souvenir jacket store, is packed with the works of Ken Kakinuma. TOKYU Plaza Omotesando Harajuku is where youll find that famous mirrored entranceway that so

20、many travelers share on the internet.（1）If you want to buy vintage clothing, where should you go? A.WEGO & Tutuanna.B.Sukajyan Dept & RAGTAG.C.WEGO & Harajuku Chicago.D.RAGTAG & Harajuku Chicago.（2）When visiting Omotesando Avenue, you may . A.buy interesting socks.B.take a relaxing walk.C.try puriku

21、ra photo booths.D.post the mirrored entranceway online.（3）Which section of the website may the text be chosen from? A.Travel.B.Business.C.Entertainment.D.Fashion.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了东京原 宿 三 条 著名的商业街及其特色。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Takeshita Street部分中的”WEGO is a popular fashion chain offering. vin

22、tage clothes”可知，WEGO销售老式衣服；根据Cat Street 部分中的 “Harajuku Chicago boasts a wide variety of vintage clothes”可知， Harajuku Chicago 也卖老式衣服。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据Omotesando Avenue部分中的”Tokyu Plaza Omotesando Harajuku is. that so many travelers share on the Internet” 可知，原宿表参道东急购物中心是许多游客在网上分享的著名的有镜子的入口的地方。可推知，在参观表参

23、道大街的时候，你可能做的事情是找到在网上发布有镜子的入口。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Atop almost every Tokyo visitors must-see list”和”every Harajuku visitor should experience”和下文的内容可知，本文主要为旅游者介绍东京原宿的旅游商业街。可知，本文可能选自网站的旅游版块。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 More and more comments sectio

24、ns are being shut down online. Autumn Phillips had had enough. On Aug. 19, the executive editor of the Quad- City Times in Iowa, and Illinois, US visited her website, , and saw a story about a man who had been shot to death. When she got to the readers comments sections at the end, she was shocked b

25、y what she saw. Below the story was a growing number of commentsa racist remark about democratic votes, a negative comment about police So Phillips decided to do something she had been thinking about for a long time: she shut down the comments sections. Phillips was not alone in making such a move.

26、Last week, NPR announced k too was closing its online comments sections. The decisions dont mean that the news outlets are no longer interested in what their audiences are thinking. Both stressed their eagerness to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. But both agreed that comments had

27、 deviated from their original intention. And so they had. In early days of digital journalism, comments were seen as a key part of this new media, a wonderful opportunity for strengthening the dialogue between news producers and their audiences. It was a welcome change, given that for long many news

28、 organizations were far too separated from their readers. Much more back and forth conversation seemed like healthy and welcome evolution. Sadly, thats not the way things turned out. Rather than a place for exchanging ideas, comments sections became the home of ugly name-calling, racism and anti-wom

29、en language. Besides their poisonous quality, comments seem out of place today. Since we made the announcement, Ive received an outpouring of responses from our readers, she says. Ive heard from parents whose children were hurt by our online comments. Ive heard from people who said they wouldnt send

30、 in letters to the editor because they were attacked so fiercely by comments, and wasnt worth it.（1）Why did Autumn Phillips shut down the comments sections? A.They were put to wrong use.B.Her website was attacked heavily.C.They exposed many illegal issues.D.She was angry about readers comments.（2）Wh

31、at does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 indicate about comments? A.They were out of date.B.They had gone against their original intentions.C.They were full of sensitive information.D.They couldnt interest the audience.（3）What was the welcome change in the early digital journalism? A.Readers,

32、having more access to news.B.Readers making less negative comments.C.Readers freedom to express their thoughts.D.Readers active involvement in the news industry.（4）How do many readers feel about Autumn Phillips, move according to the last paragraph? A.Cautious.B.Hopeful.C.Surprised.D.Supportive.【答案】

33、（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，越来越多的在线评论被关闭了。虽然在数字新闻业的早期，在线评论被视为新媒体的重要组成部分，是加强新闻生产者与受众之间对话的绝佳机会；但事实上评论区不是一个交流思想的地方，里面充满了各种负面的消息。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When she got to the readers comments sections at the end, she was shocked by what she saw. Below the story was a growing number of commentsa racist rem

34、ark about democratic votes, a negative comment about police So Phillips decided to do something she had been thinking about for a long time: she shut down the comments sections.”可知，Autumn Phillips关闭了评论部分是因为他们被错误地使用了。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The decisions dont mean that the news outlets are no longer in

35、terested in what their audiences are thinking. Both stressed their eagerness to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. But both agreed that comments had deviated from their original intention.” 这些决定并不意味着新闻媒体不再对他们的听众的想法感兴趣。两人都强调，他们渴望在社交网络上听到读者和听众的声音。但双方都认为，评论偏离了他们最初的意图。由此推知划线句子的意思是“他们违背了

36、他们最初的意图。”故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In early days of digital journalism, comments were seen as a key part of this new media, a wonderful opportunity for strengthening the dialogue between news producers and their audiences. It was a welcome change, given that for long many news organizations were far too

37、 separated from their readers.”可知，在早期的数字新闻中，读者积极参与新闻行业是受欢迎的改变。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ive heard from parents whose children were hurt by our online comments. Ive heard from people who said they wouldnt send in letters to the editor because they were attacked so fiercely by comments, and wasnt worth i

38、t.”可知，根据最后一段许多读者对Autumn Phillips是支持的。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 Education is not a bystanders sport. Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive a

39、ttitudes promote learning. It is no coincidence that girls are more passive in the classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs. We found that at all grade levels in all communities and in all subject areas boys controlled classroom communication. They participated in more interactions tha

40、n girls did, and their participation became greater as the year went on. Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more t

41、han their fair share of teacher attention. That teachers talk more to male students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing their attention by calling out answers to the teachers questions first. While girls sit patiently with their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbi

42、n and K.Daniel OLeary, then at the state university of New York at stony brook studied classroom interaction at preschool level and found that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely to have extended conversations with them. Years of experience ha

43、ve shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide answers during discussions. During

44、classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys answers with powerful, precise and effective responses, while they often gave girls mild and unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of their answers. Active students receiving preci

45、se feedback are more likely to achieve academically. And they are more likely to be boys. This kind of communication game is played at work, as well as at school. As reported in numerous studies, it goes like this. Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women. Listeners recall more from male

46、speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a similar speaking style and cover the same content. Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are more often the passive by standers in professional and social conversations among peers. Women of

47、ten their own statements into unsure comments. This is accomplished by using qualifiers and by adding tag question. These uncertain patterns weaken impact and signal a lack of power and influence. Only when girls are active and treated equally in the classroom will they be more likely to achieve equality in the workplace.（1）What does the authors mean when they say“Education is not a bystanders sport.”? A.Both boys and girls should do