词类转译法课件.ppt

1、Review:词义的选择o develop The color TV sets developed by our company are of high quality.The aim of this course is to develop the students reading skill.While in high school,I developed an interest in biology.Review:词义的选择o base The base of the company is in New York,but its branches are all over the wor

2、ld.Our warship returned to the base before dusk.The new invention was regarded as a base of further development.Conversion 词类转译法o英汉语言特点（静态与动态）o转译成动词动词（英语名词、介词、形容词、副词转译成汉语动词）o转译成名词名词（英语动词、形容词、副词转移成汉语名词）1.The Static Tendency of English（英语的静态倾向）n 从思维的角度：从思维的角度：o 西方人的思维模式是抽象思维，在语言中的表现是多用名词，尤其是抽象名词。n 从语言

3、的角度：从语言的角度：o 英语是屈折语，语言形态丰富（动词）。o 英语动词的使用受形态的制约，因此名词在英语中占优势。o 英语名词的优势导致了英语介词的伴随优势。o 英语形容词常用来表达动词的意义。o 英语的静态表现：多用名词、介词和形容词。2.The Dynamic Tendency of Chinese（汉语的动态倾向）n 从思维的角度：从思维的角度：o 中国人的思维模式是具象思维，在语言中的表现是多用动词，尤其是动词连用，以及使用含有具体形象的名词。n 从语言的角度：从语言的角度：o 汉语是非屈折语言，词类没有形态变化。o 动词的使用不像英语动词那样受到形态限制。o 与名词比较，汉语动词

4、的动态感强。o 汉语的动态表现：多用动词，动词连用。转译成动词一、英语名词转译成汉语动词:1.由动词派生的名词（1）He had been the ruler of that region for as long as twenty years.他统治那个地区长达20年之久。（2）He is in full conviction that real knowledge is the end product of a thorough study of the history.他深信，只有对历史加以透彻研究，才能真正学到知识。（3）An acquaintance of world history

5、 is helpful to the study of current affairs.读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。（4）Any violation of the game rules is prohibited.禁止违反游戏规则。（5）He has long been used to last-minute decision.他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟做出决定。2.含有动词意味的名词往往可以转译成动词（1）The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的飞机声，

6、令我特别神往。（2）The view from our window was one of beautiful green countryside.从我们窗口可以看到一片绿色乡村的美景。3.英语中有些加-er的名词，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。（1）I am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我未必能教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。（2）Some of my classmates are good singers.我的同班同学中有

7、些人唱歌唱得很好。二、英语介词译成汉语动词：1.Party officials worked long hours on meagre food,in cold caves,by dim lamps.党的干部吃简陋的饭食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠着 微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。2.Up the street they went,past stores,across a broad square,and then into a huge building.他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个 大广场，然后进了一座大厦。3.You have to wash the pill with sips of w

8、ater.你得喝几口水，把药丸吞下去。4.Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.千百万山里人终于摆脱了贫困。5.He came to my home for help.他来到我家，请求帮助。resentful,certain,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,delighted,sorry,aware,concerned,glad,ashamed,anxious,grateful,suspicious，etc.1.Doctors ha

9、ve said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。2.They were suspicious and resentful of him.他们不信任他，讨厌他。3.I have to be cautious.我必须小心谨慎。三、英语形容词转译成汉语动词4.I am doubtful whether he is still alive.我怀疑他是否还活着。5.These children are very cooperative.这些孩子们配合的很好。6.They were news-hungry.他

10、们迫切地想得到信息四、英语副词转译成汉语动词1.As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋。2.The successful fisherman of that day were already in.那天交好运渔夫们都已回来。3.“Please do let me in!They are searching for me,”he begged.“请让我进来吧！他们正在搜索我。”他恳求道。转译成名词一、英语动词转译成汉语名词o 由名词派生的动词转译成汉语名词1.Formality has always characteriz

11、ed their relationship.他们之间关系的特点是以礼相待。2.To them,he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。p由名词转用的动词译成汉语名词1.A well-dressed man,who looked and talked like an American，got into the car.一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的外貌和谈吐都像个美国人。2.Most U.S satellites are designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after complet

12、ing their mission.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气中焚毁。二、英语被动句中的动词有时可译为“受到名词”或“予以名词”1.Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S.press and officialdom during this period,victimized for his views.在这期间，斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公平的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。2.His image as a good student was badly tarnished.他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭到了很大的玷污。

13、三、英语形容词转译成汉语名词（the+形容词）1.the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the injured,the wounded,the old,the infirm,the ill,the very young2.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant,but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。3.The Wilde family were religious.王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。四、英语副词转译成汉语名词1.She is physically weak but mentally sound.她身体虚弱，但智力健全。2.The illustration shows schematically an air conditioning.该图解为一台空调装置的简图。Homework:Exercise 3