高考英语基础词汇复习及专题讲练10(DOC 10页).doc

1、精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号-学员编号： 年 级： 高三 课时数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 学科组长签名及日期教务长签名及日期课 题基础词汇复习及专题讲练习10授课时间： 备课时间： 教学目标基础词汇的掌握及运用,专题的方法技巧指导重点、难点词汇及解题方法的掌握及灵活运用考点及考试要求语言的综合运用能力的考查教学内容Part I 检查上一节课的复习效果Part II 基础词汇复习1. expand / extend / spread / stretch【解释】expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张extend 强调向某一方向的延长spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延

2、，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，颈由曲变直，由短变长的伸展或伸出，多与out连用 【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。1). The man _ the information around. 2). The empire _ its country in the 16th century. 3). The road builders worked hard to _ the high way.4). She _ out her hands to meet me.5). The project will _ the

3、 city s telephone network to cover 1000000 users.2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession【解释】occupation指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。job非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。work多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。profes

4、sion 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。【练习】用occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession的适当形式填空。1). She has a good _ in the bank. 2). She is an architect by _. 3). She abandoned her stage _.4). Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find _. 5). Please write down your name, _ a

5、nd address here in the form.1. specially / especially / particularly【解释】specially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。如：I came here specially to see you. 我特地到这儿来看你。especially = particularly = in particular = in especial特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调“超过其他，与众不同”，在介词或连

6、词前用得较多。如：I like Harbin, especially in summer. 我喜爱哈尔滨，尤其是哈尔滨的夏天。【练习】用specially，especially，particularly填空。1). I like my hometown, _ in spring. 2). These shoes were _ made for you. 3). A committee has been _ appointed to look into the matter.4). We did very well in this exam, _ our monitor. 2. common /

7、 usual / ordinary【解释】common意为“普通的，平常的”，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的。usual意为“通常的，习惯性的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。ordinary意为“通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的”，与common意思接近。【练习】用common，usual，ordinary填空。1). He arrived later than _. 2). Rabbits and foxes are _ in Britain. 3). Tom Sawyer was a/an _ American boy who kept getting into trouble.4)

8、. Our _ workday is eight hours. 5). He s not an officer, but a/an _ soldier.3. convince / persuade【解释】convince “说服”，着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”。persuade “说服”，着重情感上的“劝告”或“说服某人做/不做某事”。【练习】用convince，persuade填空。1). He _ me that I should study law. 2). He _ me not to stay. 3). The officials were eager to _ us of the

9、safety of the nuclear reactors. 4). I _ (convince) I saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 5). How can we persuade him into _ (join) us?1. hunger n.u 饥饿；欲望hungry adj. 饥饿的2. expand v.使变大；伸展expansion n.u,c扩大；扩展3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要satisfied adj. 对表示满意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令

10、人满意的satisfaction n. 满意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n.u 装备；设备6. discover vt.发现，找到discovery n.被发现的事物，发现discoverer n. 发现者【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In some poor African areas, many children died of _ (hungry) every year. 2). The basic needs of the world

11、population should _ (satisfy) first. 3). The survey found that men got greater _ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work. 4). The rapid _ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). We were told to keep all our sports _ (equip) in the lockers downstairs. 6

12、). The people there enjoy complete _ (free) of speech. 7). The _ (discover) of electricity was Franklin.8). Like many _ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil. 1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏3. bore vt. 使

13、厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事)bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 boring adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的4. mouth n. 嘴，口mouthful n.一口；少量5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的adv.直接地vt.对准；指导direction n.方向pl.说明书；指引；指导director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演6. explain v. 讲解，解释explanation n.解释，说明，阐述【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). _ (fortune), the drowning child was saved.2). He gave a _ (humo

14、r) account of their trip to Spain first. 3). Tom went off in one _ (direct) and Harry in another.4). He now felt ready to take on the role of _ (direct).5). The earthquake left thousands of people _ (home). 6). I m stuffed. I couldn t eat another _ (mouth). 7). Not only are mothers not paid but also

15、 most of their _ (bore) or difficult work is unnoticed. 8). There is no convincing _ (explain) of the overall structure of the universe.Part III 专题讲练题型归纳阅读理解的解题要决三推理判断题本题型主要对短文的结论、隐含意义(寓意)、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查，或对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象。我们要在理解原文的基础上纵观全文，汇集短文提供的各项信息，严格按照作者陈述的观点或描述的事实，进行正确地、合乎逻辑地推论和引申，从

16、而选出符合原文信息或作者意图而不是我们主观认为合理的最佳答案。1. 写作意图题。有些文章作者不点明自己的写作意图，而是让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。例：ALBANY, New York- Students who rely on working at night to improve their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: a new survey in the U.S. says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades t

17、han those who do.A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter on average have higher grades than those who have. The survey found those who do not study through the night have a grade point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who

18、have.Q: The purpose of the passage is to tell us_.the bad effects of pulling an all-nighterpulling an all-nighter leads to sleep problemsdoubts about all-nightersall-nighters hurt students grades分析这是一段科普阅读材料。主要介绍了一项研究晚上突击学习的人成绩非但没有提高，反而受到了影响，因此D项是作者的写作目的。A项意义范围过大；B项偏离了文章说明的中心内容；C项意义过于模糊。2. 态度倾向题。作者的

19、态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。这类题目一般分为两类：一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者对某一人、物的评价。议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向。如果是议论文，应该抓住作者的论点和论据；如果是记叙文，应该特别注意作者总结性的文字。例：The NBA now has a serious image problem; more than any other sport, its pulled in two opposite directions. As its been for years, whites make up a ma

20、jority of the fans; blacks make up a majority of the players. And as those players have benefited from ever-upward-spiraling(不断上升的) paychecks, theyve exercised their influence to shape the sight of the game around them in their own image.The NBA has the potential to be a bridge between cultures, a w

21、ay to bring both sides together in cheering some of the best athletes of any color. But its a fragile bridge indeed, where every black or white element apparently forces out its ethnic(种族的) opposite. And its not hard to imagine a time when nobody will be interested in crossing over.Q: The authors at

22、titude towards the NBA culture could be described as_.A. supportiveB. doubtfulC. criticalD. neutral分析本文是议论文。分析全文，作者认为在NBA文化中，黑人文化与白人文化之间互相冲突，不利于NBA的发展，因此作者实际上是在对NBA文化进行批判。A项是支持，B项是怀疑，D项是中立。3. 细节推断题。细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而复出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。此类题要求我们根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。解答此类题要

23、从文章提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识，进行分析、推理、判断。进行细节推断，必须吃透相关文段的意思。例：In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless.The reasons for homel

24、essness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but n

25、ot always.Some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?Q: It can be inferred from the text that_.A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high s

26、tandard of living.B. the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless peopleC. he unemployed who receive help may still be among the homelessD. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboad box分析根据第二段最后一句“Often, the fact that unemployed people get

27、help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always”可知，政府会(偶尔)帮助失业人员，但不是经常的所以失业人员仍然可能无家可归。4. 逻辑结论题。逻辑结论型试题的特点是考查我们的逻辑思维及判断能力，要求我们根据文章提供的细节，推断出合乎逻辑的内容。解答此类题我们首先要找出短文的主题，然后按题意要求进行推断。例：Chapman feels it his duty to help the rural areas that get left behind. Ask him about the satisfacti

28、on of setting up the community wireless network and hell mention two women who are attending online universities-or grandparents easily e-mailing their grandchildren far away.“When the members of the community contribute their effort like this, they feel a sense of ownership,” Chapman says, “We may

29、operate the network, but its owned by the citizens of the community. Its for the public good.”Q: From the last two paragraphs we know that_.West Virginia Broadhand only does good to old citizensWest Virginia Broadhand is operated by the communityChapman is a man of social responsibilitiesChapman isn

30、t very much satisfied with his work分析从文中对Chapman的描述及他的话中，可以感受到他是一个有着强烈社会责任感的人，他感到帮助偏远地区是他的责任，他这样做是为了公众的利益。5. 预测想象题。预测想象型试题考查的内容一般在文意中没有明确说明，因此我们要根据语篇，把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局后文可能涉及的内容以及上文的内容进行科学的、合理的预测。例：Completing a college application can take some time. But answering all the questions is not enough.

31、Another important step is taking admissions tests. The SAT is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take. Another one is the ACT.Colleges and universities may also require international students to take the TOEFL (the Test of English as a Foreign Language).If you ha

32、ve a general question for our Foreign Students Series, write to specialQ: What will the author most probably talk about next/A. SATB. ACTC. FSSD. TOEFL分析第一段介绍了美国高中生的大学入学考试，最后两段提到外国考生要参加TOEFL考试，下文极有可能要对此加以说明。题型归纳阅读理解解题要决四词义猜测题利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考必考的题型，所考词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。1.

33、 根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释跟在生词的后面，由or或破折号引出。因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义，生词的含义也就清楚了。释义部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。在做这类题时，要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语，在句中多用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等来连接。例：In another survey, 79% of teens agreed that people at their age arent careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, c

34、areless blogging can also affect blog viewers. When you are angry or frustrated, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later. To minimize the negative effect, change the permission setting and make such posts “private” so that only

35、 you can read them.As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying ones creative works.Q: The underlined word “rational” probably means_.A. strangeB. perfectC. helpfulD. reasonable分析通过本句中的定语从句“which you may regret later”可知，令人后悔

36、的话肯定是不理智的、欠思考的，是不太合理的发泄或表达，所以D选项最贴近于“rational”的意思：合理的，有道理的。2. 根据因果关系猜测词义。因果关系总是同时出现在文章中，有时原因在前，结果在后；有时结果在前，原因在后，因此我们可以根据这一特定的逻辑关系来推测生词的含义。例：Technology greatly influences our standpoint on how fast we think everything needs to be done. If you put a dollar in the soda machine, you expect the bottle to

37、 move forward and fall down to the bottom. You cant count how many times youve smacked the machine if it went too slow for your expectations. You wanted instant results, immediate fulfillment.Q: The underlined word “smacked” in the paragraph probably means_.A. clappedB. hitC. kickedD. pushed分析从本句后半部

38、分“if it went too slow for your expectations”可知，带来的后果显然是你对机器不满意，不知道拍打了它多少次。四个选项中只有B符合。A：鼓掌，轻拍；C：踢；D：推，均不合适。3. 根据搭配、对比关系猜测词义。有时分析句子结构，辨别句子成分，分清搭配关系，是判断词义的前提，通过搭配关系得以确定划线名词指代的对象是人还是物。另外，转折词but、让步条件状语从句以及unlike, in spite of, despite, however等一些介词和副词都可以构成意义上的对比关系。例：Fine art treasures from many countries

39、are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries. The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort. In 1190, it was the kings castle with high walls and a round tower. It had a moat to

40、 keep out his enemies. Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.Q: The underlined word “moat” probably means_.a high tower built in former times where soldiers watch

41、ed out for enemiesa long and deep ditch dug round a castle and was usually filled with watera cart pulled by horses on which soldiers foughta long and high wall around castle分析从上一句中可知，它是国王的城堡，有着高高的围墙和圆形的塔楼，接下来提到的用来抵御敌人的moat不可能还是围墙或塔楼，故可以排除A、D，也不可能是马车。最符合逻辑的应该是“护城河，壕沟”，故选B。Part IV Practice1完形填空 阅读下面短

42、文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：158完成时间：13分钟 难度：* In recent years scientists investigation of comets has increased because of a growing interest in the origin of the sun and planets. Scientists want to learn how comets are 21 . They think that such information will help 22 the or

43、igin of the solar system. The word comet comes from Greek and means hairy object. In history comets have a special 23 . People believed that they brought 24 of death, destruction or military victories. The tails of comets provide 25 with spectacular sights at night. Comet tails are millions of kilom

44、eters long. The tails 26 reach lengths of 250 million kilometers and 27 . The most famous comet of history is called Halleys Comet, which appears every 76 years. It was named for Edward Halley, a British astronomer. He 28 the appearance of the comet in 1758, 16 years after his death. Halleys Comet i

45、s 29 bright and has two tails. In the 20th century it 30 in 1910 and 1986.21. A. constructed B. formed C. created D. composed22. A. explain B. solve C. answer D. demonstrate23. A. site B. place C. spot D. mark24. A. tales B. performances C. news D. stories25. A. viewers B. observers C. astronauts D. pilots26. A. finally B. frequently C. easily D. eventually27. A. more B. much C. farther D. extra28. A. guessed B. predicted C. felt D. promised29. A. equally B. entirely C. extremely D. unnaturally30. A. returned B. recy