高考英语一轮复习-Unit-4-Earthquakes(讲)(含解析)新人教版必修1(DOC 20页).doc

1、Unit4 Earthquakes单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂，爆发2event n事件；大事3nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的，民族的nationality n国籍4ruin n废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产5suffering n苦难；痛苦suffer v受苦，遭受6extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.7injure vt.损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n伤害，损害8destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9useless adj.无用的；无效的

2、；无益的useful(反义词)use v. & n使用，利用10shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊11rescue n. & vt.援救；营救12trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境13electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的14disaster n灾难；灾祸15bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏16shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处17damage n. & vt.损失；损害18frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的

3、frightening adj.令人恐惧的19judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n判断，判决20express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递expression n表达expressive adj.有表现力的重点短语1right away立刻 2at an end 结束3in ruins 成为废墟 4dig out 掘出；发现5a(great) number of 许多；大量的 6give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)7thousands of 成千上万 8think little of 不重视；不假思索9blow away 吹走；刮走 10be pr

4、oud of 以而自豪11instead of 代替 12be trapped in 陷入之中13be known for/as 因为/作为出名14bring in 引进；引来经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。2It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！3All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。4Mice ran out

5、of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所。必备语法（高级句型）名词性从句（2）晨读范文背诵背诵这篇范文注意划线部分的用法【2016天津】书面表达（满分25分）假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。（1） 回顾双方的交流活动（

6、如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；（2） 谈谈收获或感情；（3） 表达祝愿语期望。注意：（1） 词数不少于100；（2） 可适当加入细节，是内容充实、行文连贯；（3） 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear friends,How time flies! Thank you.【答案】One possible version: Dear_friends,_How_time_flies! Two weeks went by before we realized that our exchange activities ended. On behalf of our school, I would

7、 like to express my feelings.As scheduled, we took part in several instructive activities. We have learnt many Chinese characters and often took exercise together. We went to the restaurant to taste the Chinese traditional food. The food was extremely delicious and different from our food. While vis

8、iting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists works.As far as Im concerned, everyone here is a member of our big family. And at last I sincerely wish you a pleasant trip to your country. I hope well get together again next year. Thank_you. 语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突

9、然破裂；爆发【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。【例句研读】(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into l

10、aughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又_，这使我们一头雾水。 （1）突然笑起来(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要_了。 （2）爆发出来(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察_逮捕了那帮人。 （3）突然闯进来【归纳拓展】burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然起来 burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然起来；突然发作burst into tea

11、rs/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burst in 闯入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸发【即时巩固】单项填空1. One minute she burst into _, and the next she burst out _. We just co

12、uldnt catch her mood at any moment. Acrying; laughter Btears; laughing Ctears; laughter Dcrying; laughing 2.Roses humor was_ make every studentburstinto_.Aso amused as tolaughterBso amusing as to laughterCsuch thatlaughingDso that laughing【答案】B3.After that, he _(突然大哭起来)4.There came _(一阵笑声)5.He blew

13、the balloon _(直到它爆裂为止)【答案】(1)burst out crying/burst into tears (2)a burst of laughter(3)until it burst考点2ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭，崩溃C(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。【例句研读】(1)Drink was his fathers ruin and it will be the ruin of

14、him too.酗酒是他父亲_的原因，他也将遭同样的_。（1）失败; 厄运(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.多年的战事已经使得这个地区_。 （2）一片废墟(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂_。（3）都毁了(4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底_。 （4）搞糟了(5)If you go on like this, youll ruin yourself.如果你继续这

15、样下去，你会自己_。 （5）毁了自己【归纳拓展】in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪be the ruin of 成为毁灭(堕落)的原因come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子(1)An earthquake_(使全城到处是颓垣断壁)(leave)(2)Some prewar constructions were abandoned

16、and eventually _(成了废墟)(3)That one mistake _ (毁坏)his chances of getting the job.【答案】(1)left the whole city in ruins(2)fell/came to ruin(3)ruined（4）His future lies _ because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison.Aas usualBin ruinsCby mistakeDon purpose【答案】B考点：考查介词短语辨析 考点3injure vt. 损害

17、，伤害【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。【例句研读】(1)The boy injured his leg.这个男孩把腿_。 （1）弄伤了(2)Your remark may injure her pride.你的话也许会_。 （2）伤她的自尊(3)I didnt mean to do her an injury.我并未打算_她。 （3）伤害【归纳拓展】injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害 injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的do an inj

18、ury to sb.伤害某人 the injured伤员an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情 injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感【即时巩固】用wound, hurt或injure的适当形式填空(1)His cold behaviour _ her deeply.(2)The bullet_ him in the shoulder.(3)He was _ in the accident.(4)When the girl learned that her boyfriend was _ in the earthquake, she _A

19、injured; burst in tearBkilled; burst out tearsCstill alive; burst into tearsDmissing; burst into laughter【答案】(1)hurt(2)wounded(3)injured（4）C考查词语辨析及burst短语的用法。句意：当女孩听说她男朋友在地震中还活着，她喜极而泣。burst into tearsburst out crying。be injured指“被伤害”；be killed指“被杀死”；missing指“丢失的，丧失的”。根据语境应选C。考点4shock n. U；C打击；震惊；震动；

20、休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕【教材原句】People were shocked.人们惊呆了。【例句研读】(1)The news of his wifes death was a terrible shock to him.他妻子去世的消息_。 （1）对他打击太大了(2)He was shocked at her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很_。 （2）吃惊(3) It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到_。（3）震惊【归纳拓展】be shocked at/by (doing)

21、sth. 被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看见/听到使某人震惊。(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)【即时巩固】(1)_ the sight.这情景使我大为震惊。(2)If you touch a live wire, _如果你摸带电的线，就会触电。(3)The message _这条消息使他震惊。(4)The _ news made all the people

22、present _. Ashocking; shockingBshocking; shockedCshocked; shocking Dshocked; shocked（5）Have you heard of _ death of Steven Jobs? Yes. It must be_shockto Apple fans.Athe; theBa; theCthe; aDa; /【答案】(1)I am/was shocked at/by(2)you will get a shock(3)makes/made him shocked（4）B（5）C考查冠词题。第一格特指乔布斯的死；第二格a s

23、hock是指一件令人惊讶的事情。考点5bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。【例句研读】(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着_。（1）埋头看书(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手_。（2）插在衣袋里(3)After the d

24、ivorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她_。（3）埋头于工作【归纳拓展】bury oneself in study 埋头研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。【即时巩固】1. _ in thought, I di

25、dnt notice what was happening.AHavingburiedBBuryingCBuriedDTo beburied【答案】C考点：考查形容词用法2._ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coalAHavingburiedBBeingburiedCBuriedDTo beburied【答案】C考点：考查过去分词的用法3. After starting work, Cao spent his evenings _ in his

26、books and was eventually admitted to a secondary technical school.AburyingBburiedCbeingburiedDhavingburied【答案】B考点 : 考查非谓语动词考点6judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。【例句研

27、读】(1)Dont judge a book by its cover. 勿_取人。（1）以貌(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音_，他一定是个南方人。（2）判断(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他_今年的最佳男演员。（3）被评为【归纳拓展】judgment n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力 judging by/from 从上看，根据判断judge sb./sth. from/by. 从来判断 judge between right and

28、 wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法【即时巩固】1. _ from what she said at the meeting, she must have lied to all of us.AJudgedBJudgingCTojudgeDJudge【答案】B2. It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend.AignoreBjudgeCrecognizeDrealize【答案】C3.to be the best

29、 one in the group, she had an opportunity to enter for the final competition.AJudgingBToJudgeCHavingjudgedDJudged【答案】D考点：考查分词做状语重点短语精讲考点1right away立刻，马上【教材原句】Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away设想你们家开始摇晃，你必须马上离开。【例句研读】(1)I want it to be sent right away.马上把它发出去。(2)He cle

30、aned the room right away.他立即开始打扫房间。(3)Hes not in the office right now.他现在不在办公室。【归纳拓展】(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off(2)比较right away/right nowright away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。【即时巩固】考点2at

31、an end 终止；结束【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！【例句研读】(1)The year is at an end.这一年已到_了。（1）年终(2)The meeting came to an end.会议_了。（2）结束(3)Go straight and youll find the hospital at the end of the road.一直往前走，你会在_找到这家医院。（3）这条路的尽头(4)They argued for two hours on end.他们_辩论了两个小时。（4）一连【归纳拓展

32、】bring.to an end (使)结束，终止 come to an end 结束，终止at the end of 在尽头(末) by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语) on end 一连，连续to the end 到底 without end 没完没了make ends meet 收支相抵【即时巩固】英汉互译(1)He didnt answer it right away._(2)立刻给他打电话。(right away)_(3)We will take care of this right away._(4)此刻我们不

33、能谈论这个问题。(right now)_【答案】(1)他没有马上回答。(2)Call/Ring him (up) right away.(3)我们将立刻处理此事。(4)We cant discuss this question right now. 考点3a (great) number of 许多；大量的【教材原句】Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.【例句研读】(1)There _ (be) a great number of books in the

34、shelves.(2)The number of guests invited _ (be) 50, but a number of them _ (be) absent for the heavy rain.(3)Quantities of water _ (be) polluted now.(4)A great deal of oil _ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.(5)Many a famous writer _(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local

35、newspaper. 【答案】（1）are（2）was；were（3）are（4）was（5）is【归纳拓展】a large/great/good number of; a great/good many; a good few; quite a few可数名词复数many a/more than one单数可数名词单数谓语动词a great/good deal of; a great/large amount of; quite a little不可数名词a lot/lots of; a great/large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty

36、 of可数名词复数或不可数名词提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。the number of 是“的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。(2)large quantities of (pl.)/U做主语，谓语动词用复数。large amounts ofU n做主语，谓语动词用复数。【即时巩固】(1)_(许多学生) find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.(number)(2)A great number of new factories _(被建立)in my hometo

37、wn since 1987.(3)_ (大量的金钱已被花) on the new hospital since 1980.(4)A large number of students in our school _ from the countryside; the number _ growing these years.Ais; has been Bare; has been Cis; have been Dare; have been【答案】(1)A great/large number of students(2)have been built/set up(3)Lots of/A lo

38、t of money has been spent （4）B考查主谓一致。“a number of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of“的数量”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。句意：我们学校很多学生来自农村，并且来自农村的学生数量这些年来一直在增长。考点4. as usual【教材原句】Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She is very reliable and I knew I didnt need to encourage her.像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。【例句研读】Lily

39、 got up at 6 oclock_（像往常一样），but she realized it was Sunday as soon as she prepared her school bag.Lily像往常一样六点钟起床，但当她准备书包时才意识到那是星期天。【答案】as usual【归纳拓展】usual adj.通常的；平常的usually adv. 通常地；平常地than usual 比平常【即时巩固】1. Lily got up at 6:00 oclock_but she realized it was Sunday soon.Aas usualBas possibleCat pre

40、sentDat last【答案】A考点：考查词义辨析2. How often do you eat out? _, but usually once a week.AI have no ideaBIt dependsCAs usualDGenerally speaking【答案】B考点：考查情景交际的用法。经典句型剖析考点1. It seemed as if【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！【句法分析】It seems (to sb.) that. (对某人来说)似乎Sb. seems to do/to be doi

41、ng/to have done.It seems as if/though. “似乎(好像)”，可接虚拟语气。seem(to be)n./adj. 似乎是There seems to be. 好像有It seems so. (So it seems.) 似乎是那样。【例句研读】It seemed that he had known the truth.He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。His father seems (to be) strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。【拓展归纳】seem/look/appear(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。(2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。