高考英语专题虚拟语气知识点真题汇编及答案解析(DOC 11页).doc

1、高考英语专题虚拟语气知识点真题汇编及答案解析一、选择题1Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.AtoldBhad toldCwould have toldDhave told2If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World War.Awas not; would dieBwere not; would have diedChad not been; w

2、ould diedDhad not been; would have died3Due to the popularity of the restaurant, it is advisable that a table_ for a get-together in advance.Amust be reservedBis reservedCbe reservedDwill be reserved4The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _ in Hawaii sunbathing on th

3、e beach now.Awould beBcould have beenCwill beDmight have been5How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!AshutBhave shutChad shutDwould shut6- Are you happy now?- If only I _ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever.AamBwereChad beenDshould be7What a pity! Considering his ability and exp

4、erience, he _ it better.Aneed have doneBmust have doneCcan have doneDmight have done8I missed the chance to meet the movie star in the flesh. How I wish I _ ill yesterday！Adidnt fallBwerent fallingChadnt fallenDhavent fallen9How impressive Chinas 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!Definitely

5、. If only I _ on the scene!AwasBwereChave beenDhad been10Im sorry. I_to your birthday party ifForget it. I know you were in Shanghai on business then.Ahad comeBwould have comeCneednt have comeDcame11-Would you _ first aid to him, had it been possible?-Yes, but I _.Ahave offered; had got hurt.Boffer;

6、 had got hurt.Chave offered; got hurt.Dhad offered; had got hurt.12_, the student insisted that he _ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty.ATo avoid being affected; beBTo avoid to be affected; would beCAvoid being affected; should beDAvoiding to be affected; be13Mr Smiths doctor suggeste

7、d that he _ and exercise regularly.Ashould eatBwill eatCcan eatDwould eat14Sam insisted that he_the law and_.Adidnt break;mustnt be punishedBdoesnt break;shouldnt punishChadnt broken;be not punishedDhadnt broken;not be punished15But for the belief that things better soon, many people couldnt have su

8、rvived the rough time.Ahad gotBgotCwould getDwill get16It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.Adid I knowBhave I knownCdo I knowDhad I known17If God _everything in the world, the strange creatures in fossils _so many years before.Ahad created; shouldnt existBhad created; couldnt have exi

9、stedCshould create; wouldnt existDcreated; wouldnt have existed18_, I would have given you his address.AIf you asked meBYou had asked meCShould you have asked meDHad you asked me19-I cant believe it Tom failed the test again!-He would not be so upset now your adviceAwould he followBshould he followC

10、did he followDhad he followed20Hes working hard for fear that he _.Ashould fall behindBfell behindCmay fall behindDwould fallen behind21If he_ to the teacher attentively, he_the answer to the problem now.Ahad listened, would have knownBlistened, would knowClistened, would have knownDhad listened, wo

11、uld know22Im sorry, but I would rather the specialist as well as the assistants _and _the project again.Aseated , discuss aboutBwere seated ,discussedCare seated, discussDseats ,are discussing23How I wish I _ fly to the moon!Really? That would be great.AcanBmayCshouldDcould24_, the damage would be i

12、ncalculable.AShould such a disaster occurBIf such a disaster had occurredCHad such a disaster occurredDIf such a disaster should be occurred25I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night.Ashould beBwereChad beenDwas【参考答案】*试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：为什么你上周不把你的麻烦告诉我？如果那时你告诉我，我

13、就能帮上忙。根据上文Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故if引导的从句中要用had done的形式。故选B。2D解析：D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有青霉素，很多人在二战中就会死于疾病或小的伤口。if条件句用had done表示和过去的事实相反，主句用would have done表示虚拟。故选B。【点睛】虚拟语气在条件句中的用法是：虚拟条件句 与现在事实相反的假设，从句是If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)，主句是：主语+should,would, might,c

14、ould动词原形；与过去相反的假设从句用：If+主语+had +过去分词，主句是：主语should, would, might, could have done；与将来相反的假设，从句用1、If+主语+动词过去式，主语should, would do，2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形，加主句3、If+主语+should +动词原形 ，加上主句的might, could动词原形。3C解析：C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：由于这家餐馆很受欢迎，建议提前预定一张聚会的桌子。固定句式：it is advisable that 主语+（should）+动词原形+-。此处a table和r

15、eserve之间是一种被动关系，故答案为C。4A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：席卷加利福尼亚的暴风雪延误了我的航班，否则我现在会在夏威夷的海滩上晒太阳。根据句意，“我”现在不可能在夏威夷(因为航班延误了)，“我”所说的（我现在会在夏威夷晒太阳）与事实相反，所以要用虚拟语气，根据now可知这是对现在的虚拟，所以主句要用情态动词+do的结构，故选A。【点睛】本题中的otherwise是含蓄虚拟语气的一个标志，意为“否则；不然”，用在虚拟语气中相当于一个虚拟条件句。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。比如本句中，根据上文可知，“我”现在不可能夏威夷(因为航班延

16、误了)，所以要用虚拟语气。5C解析：C【解析】试题分析：C考察虚拟语气。wish后接与过去相反的事实时，用过去完成时表示虚拟。句意：我多么希望在我跟妈妈大吼之前把嘴巴闭起来。故选C考点：考察虚拟语气。6B解析：B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：你现在快乐吗？要是我更苗条、更漂亮、更富有、更聪明就好了。根据上文now以及if only可知是表示与现在情况不同：if only从句主语动词过去式。故选B。【点睛】If only: 常常用来表示强烈的愿望，因为用于虚拟语句时和wish类似，表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。因而使用起来的形式与wish相同。表示与将来情况不同：if only 从

17、句主语would(could, might)+动词原形；eg：If only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次表示与现在情况不同：if only从句主语动词过去式；eg：If only I wasnt going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦.表达与过去情况不同：if only从句主语would/could have/had过去分词。eg：If only you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。7D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。句意：真遗憾啊！考虑到他的能力和经验，他也许可

18、以做得更好。can have done较少使用此结构，表示对过去行为的怀疑；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑；need have done需要做某事，实际上却未做（表示虚拟语气）；must have done一定做了某事（表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测）；might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。故D正确。【点睛】本题是高考必考考点，一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。should have done本应该做而实际未做。cant have done过去不可能做了某事；shouldnt hav

19、e done 本不应该做而实际做了。need have done本有必要做某事而没做；neednt have done本没有必要做某事；注意没有mustnt have done的形式。8C解析：C【解析】【详解】本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤：1.确定虚拟语气：wish后面接宾语从句的时候用虚拟语气；2.确定时态：根据空后yesterday可知，此处描述的是对过去动作的虚拟，和过去相反的动作用过去完成时。句意：我错过了与这位电影明星见面的机会。我多么希望昨天没有生病啊！故选C。9D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：国庆70周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻。当然，要是我在现场就好了。此处

20、考查对过去的虚拟，用if only sb. had done sth.，故选D项。【点睛】本题考查if only（要是就好了）引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气，虚拟语气一般有三种情况：与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用过去将来时。例如If only I had tried my best years ago。要是我几年前尽全力就好了。If only I were in china at present.要是我现在在中国就好了。10B解析：B【解析】【详解】查虚拟语气。句意：我很抱歉。如果，我就来参加你的生日聚会了。不必在意。我知道你那时在上海出差。考此处表示对过

21、去事实相反的假设， if后面省了过去完成时，补充完整应该是 if I had not been out on business，故主句中应该用 should/would/could/might have done结构，故选B。【点睛】if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/should have done与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do与将来事实相反的假设过去时(waswere ) ;should do;were to

22、dowould/could/might/should do有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假。但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知，本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为：If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为：I would have mi

23、ssed it。故C选项正确。11C解析：C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果可能的话，你会给他急救吗？是的，但是我受伤了。根据后文had it been possible可知是对过去情况的虚拟，时间背景为过去，故第一空填have offered。下文回答为真实的情况，应用一般过去时，故第二空填got hurt。故选C。12A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词及虚拟语气。句意：为了避免受到影响，这个学生坚持要求他应该和他非常淘气的同桌分开。固定短语avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，与逻辑主语the student为被动关系，故用被动语态avoid being do

24、ne。根据句意，逗号前面部分应该是目的状语，故用不定式作目的状语。第二空动词insist为“坚持要求”之意，后接从句用“(should) + 动词原形”，其中should可以省略。故选A。【点睛】insist的宾语从句的用法一般分为两种情况：1）如果insist翻译为“坚持说/坚持认为”，且宾语从句的动作为已经发生的情况，此时宾语从句采用正常的陈述语气。如：He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说/认为他是对的。2）如果insist翻译为“坚决主张/要求”，即宾语从句的动作当时尚未发生，此时宾语从句必须采用虚拟语气，构成为从句谓语动词用“(should) + 动词

25、原形”，其中should可以省略。如：He insisted that he (should) be praised for what he had done.3）此题中的insist所引导的宾语从句采用了虚拟语气，即he be separated. = he should be separated.13A解析：A【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：史密斯先生的医生建议他规律性地吃饭与锻炼。这是一个由that引导的宾语从句，由suggest（建议）可知，这句话是医生的建议，所以从句中谓语动词应使用（should）+动词原形。故选A。【点睛】在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的

26、宾语从句中，由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的：ask，desire，request，demand，require，beg；表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move，prpose，suggest，recommend，advise，vote；表示“决定、命令”的：decide，order；表示“主张”的：maintain，urge；表示“同意、坚持”的：consent，insist等。本题的

27、句子是宾语从句，且有谓语动词suggest表示建议，所以其后的从句中谓语动词应使用should+动词原形的形式。故选A。14D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：Sam坚持说他没有违法，也不应该受到惩罚。此处考查insist用法，第一：当insist译为“坚持认为”，从句使用陈述语气，该句中insist使用一般过去时，故从句时态应为过去完成时（had+ done）；第二：当insist译为“坚持要求”，从句使用虚拟语气，结构为：主语+should+动词原形，should可以省略。该句第二个空中punish与Sam之间构成被动关系，故填should not be punished

28、，should可省略。故选D项。15C解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是相信情况很快就会好转，许多人就不可能挺过这段艰难的时期。Butfor是固定搭配，意为“要不是”，引导的短语或句子相当于一个虚拟条件句。根据主句部分many people couldnt have survived the rough time.可知，此处是对过去情况的假设，but for引导的从句部分是真实情况，根据时间状语soon可知，此处用过去将来时。故选C项。16D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟倒装句。句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have

29、saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。【点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。17B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果上帝创造了世界上的一切，那么化石

30、上的奇怪生物在这么多年前就不可能存在了。结合句意可知，本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构：if+主语+had done, 主语+could/would/should/might (not) have done。故选B项。18D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果当时你问我，我会给你他的地址。根据I would have given you his address.可知条件句应该是表示对过去的虚拟。虚拟语气，其形式分为以下三种：(1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) +

31、 have + 过去分词”。(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should(would, could, might) + 动词原形”。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。故选D19D解析：D【

32、解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真不敢相信，汤姆又考砸了！如果他听从你的建议，他就不会那么难过了。分析句子可知，本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略had提前，句子倒装，所以是had he followed。故D选项正确。【点睛】if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表： 条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/should have done与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do与将来事实相反的假设过去时 (waswere ) ; sh

33、ould do;were to dowould/could/might/should do可以判断本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略had提前，句子倒装，所以是had he followed。故D选项正确。20A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他工作很努力，惟恐落后。在由“for fear that”引导的从句中，从句用“should+动词原形”。故选A项。21D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他专心听了老师的话，他现在就会知道问题的答案了。结合句意，此处是if引导的虚拟语气，从句与过去的事实相反，主句与现在的事实相反，所

34、以这里是混合虚拟语气。故选D。22A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定搭配和虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉，但是我宁愿专家和助手都坐下来再次讨论关于这个项目。第一空是虚拟语气，表示对现在愿望相反的假设，应使用一般过去时，即would rather+ sb. +一般过去时，所以用seated；第二空是would rather do sth.，意为“宁愿做某事”，所以用discuss about。故选A 项。23D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望我能飞到月球上！真的吗？那太好了。wish后面的宾语从句中应用虚拟语气，wish用的是一般现在时，表示与现在事实相反的假设，所

35、以用一般过去时态。故选D项。24A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果发生这样的灾难，损失是无法计算的。分析句意可知，这是与将来相反的假设。Should such a disaster occur这句就是说如果发生这样的灾难，这是表示与将来相反的假设，其原来形式就是：If such a disaster were to/ should occur，省去if后，构成倒装就是should such a disaster occur。故A选项正确。25C解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我在昨天晚上就告诉他一切。wish后面的从句使用虚拟语气，与现在或者将来相反使用过去时；与过去相反使用过去完成时。根据句意可知本题是表示对过去相反，故使用过去完成时。故选C项。