牛津译林英语8年级下册Unit1重要知识点(DOC 6页).doc

1、教学目标：学习本单元重要的词汇以及知识点1. past and presentpast n. “过去”, adj. 过去的，昔日的 adv. (路)过，（经）过 in the past 在过去（句中用一般过去时），in the past+一段时间 （句中用现在完成时）We cant change the past, but we can try to forget.Peple lived a hard life in the past.In the past three years, we have planted many years.Present n. 现在，目前，礼物（=gift） a

2、t present 目前，现在People live a happy life at present.I received many birthday presents.2. ago and beforeago: “以前” 以现在为起点，放在表示一段时间的词语后，只用于一般过去时before：“以前”置于句尾或表示一段时间的词语后，指从过去某一时刻算起的一段时间以前，用于现在完成时He joined the Party a moment ago.They have moved to Shanghai three years before.3.just and just nowjust:刚刚，刚

3、才，常用于完成时态，放在助动词之后，行为动词之前just now: 刚才， 常用于一般过去时，放于句尾4.Youve changed , Eddie.change. v.改变，变化，交换,替换 change.into.把变成change for.用交换Nothing will change my mind.May I change this pair of shoes for a bigger pair? n. 变化（可数名词，一般用复数）， 零钱（不可数名词）They are talking about he changes to the big city.Here is your chan

4、ge.5.You used to share food with me. Share sth. With sb. 与某人分享某物used to do sth. “过去常常”（表示过去存在但现在已经不存在的状况或习惯。）没有人称和数的变化，可以看做情态动词。否定式: didnt use to do/usednt to do 疑问式：Used +主语+to do.?/ Did +主语+use to do.?be/get used to doing sth/sth “习惯于，适应于”可用于各种时态。to 为介词，其后+名词、代词、动名词。I used to go to school on foot.

5、 Now I go to school by bike.She gets used to running in the morning. 6.Ive lived here since I was born.Since在现在完成时中的用法：1） 现在完成时+since+过去的一个时间点 如：年、月、日期、钟点等；I have been here since 1989.2） 现在完成时+since+一段时间+ago;We have known him since three years ago. 3） 现在完成时+since+从句（从句用一般过去时）。Great changes have take

6、n place since you left.4)It is +一段时间 +since 从句（从句用一般过去时）It is two years since I left school.例：Miss lin _a lot of work for the poor area since 2001. A.does B. did C.has done D.will do.6. in the northern part of town Northern adj.北方的，北部的 n. north 北，北方，北部In the northern part of (=in the north of ) 在的北部

7、类似词：east n.东，东方，东部 eastern adj. 东方的，东部的 West n.西，西方，西部 western adj. 西方，西部 South n, 南，南方，南部 southern adj. 南方的，南部的In the north of on the north of to the north of 例：-Shanghai is a modern city. It is _the east of China. A.on B.in C.at D to7.when I got married.Married adj.已婚的，结婚的 be married (to sb) 表示状态，

8、 get married (to sb) 表示动作 “与结婚”The old couple have already been married for fifty years.She got married to a man from her hometown.Marry vt./vi“娶，嫁，（与）结婚”Marry sb =be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚Marry sb. to sb.将某人嫁给某人，为某人娶亲8.Now the government has turned part of the town into a new park.Turn .into把变成 t

9、urn v. 使变成，成为Eg:Turn . v.转，旋转，变得She turned the key in the lock. The earth turns round the sun.n.转弯，转向，轮流 Take the second turn on the left. Its your turn to read now.相关短语：Turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn up 开大，调高 turn down 调低，减小，拒绝Turn left /right 向左、右转 turn cold/warm 变冷/暖In turn 轮流 its ones turn to do st

10、h 轮到某人做某事9.pollution n.污染，污染物，(不可数名词)The water pollution has caused many problems.Pollute v.污染 后接名词、代词作宾语We love the sea, yet we pollute.Pollution 相关短语：Air pollution空气污染 white pollution白色污染 noise pollution 噪音污染Water pollution 水污染 waste pollution 废物污染翻译：空气污染已经引发了许多问题。_10.waste n.废料，废品 为不可数名词Put all t

11、he waste in this bag.v.浪费 Dont waste your time,please. Adj. 无用的，浪费的 There are two waste paper baskets in the room.11.in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面，Way n.道路，方法，方式I dont know the way to the zoo.相关短语：All the way 一路上，沿着 this way 这边走 in different ways 用不同的方法In the same way 用相同的方式 on the/ones way to 在/某人去的路上

12、No way没门(口By the way 顺便问一下 lose ones way 迷路翻译：在某些方面，她看起来像她的妈妈。_12.lonely and alone0分alone可以作形容词，“单独的 只能作表语，不能作定语He was alone in the house. 也可以做副词。He came alone.是独自的意思，不含感情色彩 lonely既可以作定语，也可以作表语。 作表语是寂寞、孤立的意思，一般指人孤独寂寞；作定语指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感情色彩 She lives alone ,but she doesnt feel lonely. She felt lonely wh

13、en she was left alone. 13.from time to time 偶尔，不时（=sometimes/ at times）Time相关短语：Have a good /wonderful time 玩的开心、愉快 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.该是某人做某事的时间了In time 及时 on time 准时 have(no) time to do sth. 有/无时间做某事翻译：我们已经许多年没见面了，但我们不时的通邮件。_14.interview n.采访，会见，面谈，面试Have an interview with sb. 采访某人I had

14、an interview with a famous host last ninght. v.访问，会见，面谈，面试 interview sb. (=Have an interview with sb. 采访某人When will you go to interview the famous actor?15. Shes just returned from the USA.Return .v. 返回 （=come back/go back）常与from /to连用 v.归还（=give back）Return to +地点 返回某个地方My mother returned from the

15、market ten minutes ago, 返回I returned home very late. 返回You must return the book next Monday. .归还16.abroad adv. 在国外He has lived abroad for many years.相关短语：Go abroad 去国外 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外 return from abroad 从国外回来17. We mainly communicate by email.Communicate vi/vt 交流，交际 沟通 munic

16、ation 交流，交际communicate with sb 与某人交流翻译：父母常会发现很难跟他们的孩子沟通_练习：1. when did you have your school trip? -_.A.In five years B.For five years C. Twice a day D.Five days ago2.He has never been to London_. A.ago B.before C. last year D. this year3. I have _finished my homework. What about you? -I finished it_

17、. A.just,just B.just now,just now C.just,just now D.just now,just4.Im happy to see great _have taken place in my hometown. A. experiences B.advantages C.dreams D.changes5.Lets not worry about our problems. We should change our problems _the chances.A.into B.to C.for D.as6.He used to _in a small vill

18、age, but now he has been used to _in a big city. A.live, living B.live, live C.living, living D.living, live7.-Have you got any books on english grtammar? -yes, here you are, but you must _it by Friday. A.return B.return back C.back D.give8Though he is _at home, he doesnt feel_for he has many things

19、 to do. A.alone,loney B.lonely,alone C.alone, alone Dlonely, lonely9.He is poor now._,when he was young he was rich in this town. A.But B. Though C. Although D. However10.last Sunday,when I got to the station, I _I had left my ticket at home. A.understood B.realized C.believed D.seemed11.He _for ten

20、 years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D.has married12.-_have you been married?for twenty years. A.How far B.How often C.How long D.How soon 现在完成时4） 现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for +一段时间；since+时间点；since+一段时间+ago; since+从句（从句用一般过去时）。Ive known this place for

21、 many years.His father has worked in the factory since 1991.Mary has finished the homework since twenty minutes ago.5） 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常和下列时间状语连用：recently, already（肯定句）, yet（否定句和疑问句）， never, ever, just, before等We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 I havent had my breakfast yet.Have you

22、 ever been to the Great Wall? 3现在完成时还表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间内反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。. We have had four texts this semester. I have been to the Summer Palace twice.总结：现在完成时的标志词（或称时间副词）：句型结构：1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？ Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？举例：现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他， have/has+not+主语？主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他， have/has+主语？She has finished her homework, hasnt she?I havent had my breakfast yet, have I?8