八年级下册英语Unit8知识点总结(DOC 12页).docx

1、Unit 8Section A1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你读过小妇人这本书吗？2. 【解析】现在完成时 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式：主语 + 助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词 . 疑问式：助动词 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 ? 否定式 : 主语 + 助动词 have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 现在完成时的主要用法1. 表 示 过 去 发 生 的 某 一 动 作 对 现 在 造 成 的 影 响 或 结 果 。 常 和 副 词 already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just

2、 等连用。 .I have finished my homework. I am free（我已经完成了家庭作业 ,对现在造成的结果是很有空 ）2. 表示过去已经开始 , 持续到现在的动作或状态 .常与 since + 过去的时间点， for + 一段时间， so far 等时间状语连用。I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了 10 多年的英语。 （从 10 年前开始 ,持续到现在还在学 ）She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时（半个小时前已经开始游泳 ,到现在还在游 ）al

3、ready/ yet 的区别：already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。My teachers haven t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet? 你写信给你的父母了吗？【2012 成都】45. Jack, let s go to see the movie Harry Potter.Oh, I it many times. So I don t want to see i

4、t.A. have seen B. see C. will see【2012 广】33. Why don t you go to the movie with me, Betty? Because I it before.A. sawB . have seenC. see2.Whats it like? 它怎么样？ 【解析】某物怎么样？What s +物 +like?；How+be + 物？某人怎么样？Whats +人+like? 用来提问人的性格What do / does +人 + look like? 用来提问人的外表。【2013 黑龙江齐齐哈尔】 What does Anna look

5、 like ?A. She ksind B. She tsall C. She likes skating3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an Island full of treasures. 雾都孤 儿 讲的是一个小男孩出海并发现了一个满是珠宝的小岛的故事。【解析】 full of 充满be full of = be filled with 充满【2013 山东莱芜】If you read a lot, your life will be full _ pleasure.A. byB. of C .f

6、or D. with3. It s about four sisters growing up. 它讲述的是四个姐妹的成长故事。【解析】 grow up 长大；成长 I grew up in Beijing.grow into 长大成为 Mary grew into a beautiful girl.5. You should hurry up . 你得快点。【解析】 hurry up 赶快；急忙（做某事）（用在口语中，用来催促别人快走）in a hurry 匆忙地 hurry to do sth 匆忙去做hurry off 匆忙离开Im in a hurry. 我很赶。6. The book

7、 report is due in two weeks. 读书报告两周后就要到期了。【解析 1】 due adj. 预期；预定 , 通常只用作表语。be due to do sth 预期做某事You are due to hand in your composition on Friday afternoon.【解析 2】in two weeks “两周之后” ，in 意为“在 以后”，“ in+ 一 段 时 间 ” 用 在 一 般 将 来 时 的 句 子 中 ， 意 为 “ 在 （ 时 间 ）后”。 He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他将回来。【注意】： aft

8、er 常用在一般过去式的句子中。He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是两个下时候到北京的。7. When I first arrived on this island , I had nothing. 当我第一次到这个岛上的时候， 我一无所 有。【解析】 nothing 没有什么；没有东西用法：（ 1）不定代词，意为“什么也没有，没有东西” 。相当于 not anything. There is nothing in the fridge.She has nothing to do .（2）当有修饰词来修饰 nothing 等不定代词时，要放在不定代词后面。

9、修饰词可以是形容词、动词不定式等。I want something to drink.I have nothing special to tell you.（3）在英语中，不定代词有：something anythingeverythingeveryoneeverybodysomeone anyonesomebodyanybodyno onenothing nobodyWould you like _somethingto eat_ （ 吃的东西 ）？【2013 北京 4】-Tom, supper is ready.I dont want to eat ,Mum. Im not feeling

10、 well.A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything【 2013 莱芜 3】 A smile costs , but gives so much.A. something B. anything C. nothing D .everything8. Ive brought back many things I can use food and drink ,tools , knives and guns. 我带回许多 我能用的东西 食物、饮料、工具、刀和枪【解析】 bring 带来 【辨析】 fetch/ bring/ take(1)

11、fetch v 去拿来 =get 去(某地) 拿来(讲话者处)(2) bring (brought, brought) v 带来从(某地)拿到(讲话者处) bring up 养育，养大 bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物(3) take v 带来 从(讲话者)拿走 take took taken 【短语】 take care 小心 take charge of 负责，看管 take hold of 握住 take off 脱下 take out 取出 take a look 看一看 take away 拿走 take exercise 做运动 tak

12、e it easy 不紧张 take one s time 从容不迫( ) Oh ,I ve left my schoolbag in the classroom. Dont worry. Ill _it for you.A. bringB. get C. carry D. take( ) The teacher told the students any food into the classroom .A. not to bring B. not bring C. don t bring D. to bring not ( ) Don t forget your history and p

13、olitics books tomorrow morning.A. bring B. to bring C. bringing 【2013 湖北荆州】 Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you _ it for me? No problem.A. bringB. fetch C. take D. carry【2013 浙江】 Ive left my keys in the meeting room. Please _them for me.All right.A. buy B. paintC. wash D. fetch【2013 黑龙江】 I m

14、sorry, Mr Li. I my English homework at home. Don t forget it to school tomorrow.A. left, to bring B. forgot, to takeC. lost, to bring9. Who else is on my island? 是谁在我的岛上？ 【解析】 else 其他的；别的 【辨析】 other /else (1)other adj. “别的；其他的” 修饰 n. 放名词前作定语。 On the other hand 另一方面 (2) else adj. “别的；其他的” 放疑问词或不定代词之后

15、。 . What _else_ do you want to say? . What thing do you want?A. other B. others C. elseD. till . There is in his home.A. other nothing B. nothing other C. else nothing D. nothing else【 2013 娄底 2】 9. What did you do last night?I TV and read books.A. watch B. watchedC. have watched10. I saw some canni

16、bals trying to kill two men from a broken ship.我看见一些食人族正试图杀死来自一艘破船上的两个人。 、【解析】 see sb. Doing sth 看见某人正在做某事see sb. do sth 看见某人做了某事【2012 黔东南州】When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl in it.A. sing B. losing C. sang D . singing11. How long have they been here? 他们来这里多久了。【解析】 have been (in) 待在某地 have/

17、has gone to “到某地去” ，说话时该人不在现场，Where is Jim？ 吉姆在哪里？He has gone to England 他去英国了。 (尚未回来) have/has been to “曾经去过某地” ，现在已不在那里了， 后可接次数，如 once ，twice ， three times 等，表示“去过某地几次” ， 也可和 just， never，ever 等连用。My father has been to Beijing twice 我父亲去过北京两次。 have been in 表 示 “ 在 某 地 呆 了 多 少 时 间 ”， 常 与 时 间 段 状 语 连

18、 用。 I have been in Shanghai for three years 我到上海已有三年了【2013 江苏常州 1】 Why are you worried?I m expecting a call from my daughter. She New York for three days.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in 【2013 湖北孝感 1】I d like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia.I m sorry, but neith

19、er Jack nor I there.A. have beenB. had been C. have goneD. has gone【 2013 天津 2】 Is Tom at home? No, he to town.A. has beenB . has goneC. goesD. will go12. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他们中的一个人死了，另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。【解析 1】 the other 另一个 词条 含义 用法 other泛指其他的人、物 作形容词或代词，其后接名词的复数形式the o

20、ther 指两个人或物中的一个 others 泛指另外几个，其余的 the others 其他东西；其余的人们通常用于固定短语 one. The other . 中 是 other 的复数形式，在句中作主语、宾语 特指某一范围的“其他的人或物” another 其他的；再一个；另一个 只能用于三个或更多的人或物【2013 孝感 3】22. My family has two dogs. One is white, is black.A. other B. anotherC. the other D. others【解析 2】towards prep. 朝； 向；对着（移向某处，只表方向）wal

21、k towards . 走向 drive towards . 向 开去“She was walking towards the town when I met her.【 2013 湖北黄冈】 In a basketball match, players move _towards（ 朝向） one endof the court while throwing the ball to each other.【辨析】 towards / totowards 表示“向着某个方向” ， 没有“到达”之意to一般接在 come, go, move 等动词之后，表示“向、往” ，有 “到达”之意。13.

22、 I named his Friday because that was the day I met him. 我给他起名叫“星期五” 、 因为我 是在（星期五）那天遇到了他。【解析】 name v 命名n. 名字；名称adj. 位于所修饰的名词之后 , 名为 的 = named【2011 甘肃】The student _named（name） Wang Lin is my example in English learning.14. Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点东西吗？ 【解析】 Would you like ?一、 would like

23、想要、愿意， =want 意思接近，比 want 语气委婉、客气。后接名词、代词宾格或动词不定式。其中 would 是情态动词，常可缩写为 d Lucy would like some eggs. 露茜想要一些鸡蛋。We d like to watch TV after school. 放学之后，我们想要看电视。二、 would like 的固定句型1. Would you like some ?你想要一些吗？ 该句型常用于征求对方的意见。 肯定回答常用 Yes, please.， 否定回答常用 No, thanks. 需要特别注意的是， 在该句型中要用 some ，而不用 any，以表示说话

24、人希望得到肯定回答。Would you like some apples? 你 想 要 一 些 苹 果 吗 ？ Yes, please. 是 的 ， 我 想 要。 No, thanks. 不，谢谢。2. Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意去做吗？该 句 型 表 示 向 对 方 有礼 貌 地 提 出 建 议或 发 出 邀 请 ， 其 中 like 可 用 love 替 换。Would you like/ love to play football with me? 你想要和我一起踢足球吗？ Yes, I d like / love to. 是的，我非常愿意。Id lik

25、e/ love to. But I m too busy. 我非常愿意，但我太忙了。3. Would like to do sth. 想要做某事；Would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事。 He would like to go out for a walk. 他想要出去 散步。Our parents would like us to study well. 我们的父母想要我们好好学习。【2013 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 3】 . Would you like some dumplings for lunch? .A. Yes, pleaseB. Sure, I d lov

26、e toC. No, thanks【2013 广东湛江 3】. Would you like some noodles? . I am not hungry now.A. You are welcome B. Yes, please C. No, thanks D. Here you are【 2013 福建泉州 1】 Would you like me to help you with the housework ?. But I can manage it myself.A. That vsery kind of you B. The same to you C. Take it easy

27、14. Every time she is in the library , Sally looks at the many books she hasnt read (not read ) yet and she can t wait to read them!每次在图书馆，当萨利 看到那些她没读过的书的时候，她总是迫不及待地想要去读它们。【解析】 can t wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事 wait v 等，等候，等待 waiter n 侍者 wait for 等候 (后接名词、代词)Please wait for me at the gate. Wait a moment

28、! 等一等。 be kept waiting 一直等着。keep sb. waiting make sb. wait 叫人等着。 wait to do sth 等着做某事( )How nice the ice cream looks ! I taste it.A. at the moment B. can wtait toC. wait a moment D. wait my chance15. What do you think of them? 你觉得它们怎么样？【解析】 What do you think of ? 你认为怎么样？【2013 江苏 3】 What do you think

29、 of the documentary A Bite of China . It has attracted lots of TV audiences.A. Enjoy yourself B. Many thanksC. Pretty goodD. Its hard to say【拓展】 think of / think about / think over 辨析：( 1) think of, 固定短语，表示“提到(某人、某物、某事或某主意等)，考虑，思考，对 .有某种看法” ，后接名词，代词、动词 -ing 形式。- What do you think of your Chinese tea

30、cher?- I like her very much.(2) think of 表示“思考，考虑，对 . 有某种看法”时，可以与 think about互换。What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?(3) think of 表 示 “ 相 出 ， 想 着 ， 想 起 时 ， 不 可 用 think about 代 替。I always think of my childhood.(4) think over 意为“仔细考虑，认真考虑” ，强调思考的程度比 think of/ about 深。相当于

31、 think about . carefully. 其中 over 是副词，宾语若是名词，则可位于 over 之前 或之后；当宾语是代词时，则必须放在 over 之前。Think it over before you do it.It vesry important for you. You must think it over,（ ） What do you this book? I don ltike it.A. think of B. think over C. think for Section B1. When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fi

32、ght over almost everything with her family.当萨拉还是一个青少年的时候，她常常几乎所有事情都和她的家人争吵。 【解析】 fight over 为争吵fight for + 抽象名词 （事业、 自由、权利） 等“ 为 而斗争” have a fight with 和打了一架2. But five years ago , while she was studying abroad in England, she heard a songfull of feelings about returning home on the radio. 但是五年前，当她在

33、英国留学时， 她在收音 机上听到一首充满思乡之情的歌曲。【解析 1】abroad adv 在国外； 到国外 My father often goes abroad. abroad 用法： 表示到 （在） 国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。go abroad 出国live abroad 住在国外at home and abroad 在国内外【解析 2】 return = come / go back 返回= give sth back归 还returen . to . 把 归还给 Don tforget to return it to the library.【解析 3】on the radio

34、在收音机里；通过无线广播 介词 on 表示 “ 以方式”on the Internet 通过因特网；在网上 on the telephone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视3. She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到事实上她是多么想念他们。【解析】 actually 真实地，事实上 actually 和 in fact 用法的区别 actually adv.（无比较级、最高级 ）实际上 ,事实上 ,实际He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kin

35、d. 他看起来板着面孔 ,但事实上很和蔼。 in fact 相当于 really, trulyNo one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam.尽管没有人相信， 但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。前者通常作状语，用于书面语，修饰副词不可单独使用。 后者可作状语或表语，可单独使用，既可用于书面也可用于口语中。（ ） the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter.A. actually B. in fact C. real D. /4. Ever since t

36、hen, she has been a fan of American country music. 从那以后，她成了一名美国 乡村音乐爱好者。【解析】 ever since 自从以来 ever since 作连词时 =since, ever 起强调作用 ,主句常用现在完成时 .I haven t heard from him since last year. =I haven hteard from him ever since last year. 【 2013 浙江丽水】 I met Lucy in the primary school and we have been close fr

37、iends .A.as usual B.again and again C.sooner or later D .ever since5. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of mone y and success, but not about belonging to a group.现在的很多歌曲是关于美国现代生活的， 例如： 金钱和成功的重要性， 但它们不属于一种类 型。【解析 1】 modern adj. 现代的，当代的such as 例如，诸如此类的，

38、像那样的，相当于like 或 for example such as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语 for example/such as 辨析： for example “例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号 隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。【析】 for example 意为用来举例说明，有时可作为独立语，插在句中， 不影响句子其他 部分的语法关系。He， for example ， is a good student. 例如，他就

39、是个好学生。such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。【析】 such as用来列举事物，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，as后 不可以有逗号，可以与 and so on 连用。 Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样 的男孩都很友好。【解析 3】 success 成功succeed v 成功，达到 success n 成功 successful adj 成功的 successfully adv 成功地 succeed in doing sth make a success 取得成功（ ） She wor

40、ks very hard ,so she will in the exam.A. successful; pass B. success passing C. succeed; passing D . successful; passing 【解析 4】 belong 属于； 归属【详解】 belong v 属于 = be owned bybelong to + 人名（不能用所有格） +代词宾格（不能用物主代词）属于【 注 】： belong to 不 能 用 于 进 行 时 态 或 被 动 形 式 ， 其 主 语 常 常 是 物。Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb s

41、The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith s. 【甘肃兰州 2】 Are these books ? No, they are not mine. They belong to .A. your; her B. yours; her C. you; hers D. yours; she 【2013 哈尔滨】Mo Yan, a famous Chinese writer, won the Nobel Prize for literature at the end of the year 2012 . We

42、learn that success the person with a never- give up attitude.A. drives outB. takes over C . belongs to6. However ， country music brings us back to the “ good old days “ when people were kind t o each other and trusted one another.然而， 乡村音乐把我们带回人们彼此友好、彼此信任的“美好旧时代” 。【解析】 be kind to 对友好 = be friendly to

43、kind of “有点儿，有几分”相当于 a little 或 a bit a kind of “一种” all kinds of “各种各样的”different kinds of “不同种类的”what kind of .的种类 (用来询问事物的类别 ) ( ) rice would you like? Small , please.A. What kind ofB. What size C. What size of D. What size bowl of7. He s sold more than 120 million records. 他的唱片销量已经超过 1.2 亿张。 【解析

44、】 million 一百万hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千 thousands of 成千上万的 million n 百 万 millions of 成百万的【注】： (1)当 million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式(2) 当 million 后与 of 连用时用复数形式， millions of 是数百万的意思，前面不能 加数词【口诀】：具体的不加 s 也不加 of ，不具体的加 s 也加 of 【记】 Three million workers have planted millions of trees【四川广元】 Guang a

45、n is a beautiful city, isn t it? Yes, There are about two visitors here every week.A. thousands of B. thousands C. thousand 【2013 云南中考】 How many people were invited to the meeting? About six .A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of【 2013 雅安】 We planted trees last year.A. hundreds ofB. hu

46、ndred ofC. five hundreds D. five hundred of【2013 乌鲁木齐】The number of the cars in our neighborhood is about eight , and of them are new cars.A. hundred; two thirds B. hundred; two thirdC. Hundreds; two thirds D. hundreds; two third【 2013 宜 宾 】 Food Safety has become one of the hottest topics recently.Yeah, it receives _ Internet hits( 点击 ) a day.A. thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. ten thousands8. I hope to see him sing live one day! 我希望有一天能现场听他唱歌！【解析 1】 hope v 希望(1) hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope _to see (s