新目标英语八年级上册知识点归纳(DOC 17页).docx

1、 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 短语：go on vacation stay at home go to the mountains go to the beachvisit museums go to summer camp quite a few study forgo out most of the time taste good have a good timeof course feel like go shopping in the past walk aroundtoo many because of one bowl of find

2、out go ontake photos something important up and down come up 语法：Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.How was the food? Everything tasted real

3、ly good.Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.惯用法：1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth

4、. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢？15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth.

5、 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事词语辨析：1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；

6、似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用begin .1)创办，开办

7、： He started a new bllkshop last month.2)机器开动： I cant start my car.3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all o

8、ver the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too

9、many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?短语help with housework go shopping on weekends how often hardly everonce a week twic

10、e a month go to the movies every day use the Internetbe free have dance and piano lessons swing dance play tennis stay up lateat least go to bed early play sports be good for go campingin ones free time not.at all the most popular such as go to the dentistmore than old habits the hard less than 语法要点

11、：What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework.What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.

12、Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.惯用法：1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事2. How about? .怎么样？/ .好不好？3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少.5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过

13、做某事10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth. 开始做某事12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，tw ice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? H

14、ow long is the ruler?how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2.free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to st

15、ay.3.How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5.go to bed

16、 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6.find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.7.percen

17、t 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.8.more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定

18、语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid I have to go now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动

19、作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story

20、some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister短语归纳：1. more outgoing 2. as.as.3. the singing competition 4. the most important5. be talent

21、ed in music 6. the same as7. care about 8. be different from9. be like a mirror 10. as long as11. bring out 12. get better grade13. reach for 14. touch ones heart15. in fact 16. make friends17. be good at 18. the other19. be similar to 20. be good with短语用法：1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣2. want to d

22、o sth. 想要做某事3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与一样4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事6. Its+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是的语法知识：Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom.Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.Are you a friendly

23、 as your sister? No, Im not. Im friendlier.Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.Whos more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.词语辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who l

24、aughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he

25、went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. 语法讲解：形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的

26、原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”

27、结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbes

28、tbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthest Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater句型：1.It has the biggest screens.2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3.How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？4.Thanks fo

29、rget telling me.5.Can I ask you some questions?短语：so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 no problem 没什么，别客气have.in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同 be up to 是.的职责all kinds of . 各种各样的 play a role 发挥作用，有影响make up 编造（故事、谎言等） for example 例如take .seriously 认真对待 not everybody 并不是每个人close to 离.近 more and more 越来越常用法：Can I ask you some

30、. How do you like. 你认为怎么样Thanks fpr doing sth.What do you think of .much + 形容词或副词比较级 .得多watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用one of +可数名词复数 .之一语法：Whats the best movie theater to go to ? Town Cinema. Its the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?Which is

31、the worst clothes store in town? Dream Clothes. Its worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.What do you think of 970 AM? I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?短语：find out be ready to dress up take sb. place do a good job think of game show learn f

32、rom talk show soap operago on watch a movie one of. watch a movie try ones best a pair of as famous as look like around the world have a discussion about one day such as a symbol of something enjoyable interesting information句型：-What do you think of talk shows?-I dont mind them.I hope to be a TV rep

33、orter one day.How about you?常用法：let sb. do sth. plan to do sth.hope to do sth. happen to do sth.expect to do sth. How about doingbe ready to do sth. try ones best to do sth.语法：Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I dont.What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past

34、.What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes.Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.What do you think of talk shows? I dont mind them./ I cant stand them!/ I love watching them!1.the other, the others, other, others,

35、another 辨析the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。th

36、e other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing hom

37、ework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4. go on 发生，与 take place 同义I wonder what was going on. 翻译：隔壁发生了什么？ ？5.happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不

38、能为人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”

39、，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.6.expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to

40、come back early.4)expect + 从句 预计I expected that Ill come back next Monday.7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house. Unit 6 Im going to study computer science短语：grow up every day be sure about make sure sendtobe able to the meaning of different kinds of the meaning of