1、七年级下册知识点总结Unit 1People around us . 短语词组1. hard-working 工作努力的2. be patient with sb 对某人有耐心3.forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事4. take care of sb. =look after sb 照顾5.laugh at =make fun of嘲笑6. remain friends 保持朋友7.be strict with sb. 对某人严格be strict about sth.对某事严格8. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓
2、励某人做某事9. take time to do sth 花时间做某事it takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花某人多长时间10. as well 也 (一般放在句末 )11. tell sb. jokes 给某人讲笑话12.be full of =be filled with充满13. give up 放弃give up sth./doing sth 放弃做某事14. Sb. take time to do sth. 花时间做某事15. Sb. spend time (in) doing sth.16. My grandma was a short woman
3、 with grey hair.withprep. 具有(带有表示事物的附属部分17.Why not plan a special Mother s Day for her?Why not do sth?(表建议 )Why don t you plan a special Mother s Day for her?Why don t you do sth?(表建议 )What about planning a special Mother s DayWhatforher?about doing sth?(表建议 ) . 语法定冠词the1 用以特指某些人或某些事物This is the hou
4、se where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。2 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door,please.请把门打开。3 用以复述上文提过的人或事物第一次提到用“a 或 an”(以后再次提到用“the”Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。4 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。January is the first mon
5、th of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。5 表示地球、宇宙等独一无二的事物the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界6指由普通名词构成的专有名词the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the Un
6、ited Nations联合国the Browns 布朗一家 the English 英国人 the WTO 世界贸易组织7用于表示地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分等。in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边8在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前1the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河the Tianshan Moun
7、tains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡9 在姓氏复数前表示一家人The Bakers came to see me yesterday.贝克一家人昨天来看我。10 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物the poor 穷人 the rich富人 the sick 病人the wounded 伤员 the good 好人the beautiful美丽的事物11 用于西洋乐器、发明物1)play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴* 中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用play erhu( 二胡 )2)the+n 发明物 必须是单数wh
8、o invented the telephone12 某些固定的表达法in the morning在早上in the afternoon在下午in the evening 在晚上go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏all the year round 一年到头on the way to 前往 .去的路上13 the 加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。注意:像这类句子还有如下两种写法A horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful
9、 animals.14. 用在世纪或逢十 1990 的复数名词前in the18th century在 18 世纪 in the 1960s 在 20 世纪 60 年代15. 用于报刊 杂志 会议 条义 历史 时期 朝代的名词前the Xian incident西安事变Unit 2Travelling around the world . 短语 (词组)1. travel around the world 环游世界2.be famous for因著 / 闻名be famous as作为 .而著名3.the capital of France/China 法国 /中国的首都4. place of
10、 interest 名胜5. such as=for example 例如6. the most famous 最有名的7.want to do sth想要would like to do sth.8. in the centre of 在中心9. lie on the coast 坐落在岸边10. summer/winter holiday 暑 /寒假11. prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事12.try doing sth.尝试着做某事try to do sth. 试图 /尽力做某事13.ski on the mountains 在山上滑雪14.go skiing去滑雪15.
11、why not do sth /why don t you +do sth ?为什么不 .in the east/west/south/north在内部on the east/west/south/north外部接壤to the east/west/south/north外部不接壤17.learn about学习 , 了解18.be different from与不同be the same as与相同be similar to与 .类似 . 语法专有名词&and/but/so一、专有名词2( 一)人名 例如 : Mary Smith ; George Washington。(二)地名( 1)大
12、部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如: Asia ; America ; China; London ; Shanghai( 2)大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如: Silver Lake ;Mount Tai(三)组织、机构、报刊the United Nations 联合国Bank of China 中国银行Time时代周刊the Communist Party 共产党【注】有些专有名词形式上是复数, 但实际运用谓语用单数, 把它们看作一个整体The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。(四)日期( 1)节日名前通常不用冠
13、词。例如: Christmas; National Day( 2)星期名前通常不用冠词。例如: Sunday; Tuesday( 3)月份名前通常不用冠词。例如: April ; December( 4)称呼、头衔等Doctor Black 布莱克医生Miss Whit 怀特小姐Grandpa 爷爷二、 and/but/so(一) and1、表示并列或对称的关系 ,可以用来连接语法作用相同 (同一类 )的词、短语或句子 ,可译为“和” 、“并”、“又”、“兼”等。如 :1、 Lucy and I go to school five days a week.我和露西每周上五天学。(连接两个并列主
14、语)2、 You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。(连接两个并列谓语)3、 They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语, 我们教他们英语。 (连接两个简单句)2、如果连接两个以上的词语,通常把 and 放在最后一个词语前面。为了强调 ,可在两者之间分别加上and把词语连接起来时,通常把较短的词语放在前面。如:1、 I like eggs , meat, rice, bread and milk. 我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。2、 The
15、apples are big and delicious. 苹果又大又好吃。3、有些用and 连接的词语 ,次序是固定的 ,不能随意改变。如:1men、 women and children 男人、妇女和儿童fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片等2与单数人称代词连用时通常按照第二人称、第三人称 、第一人称的顺序如you, she and I4、祈使句 : and+句子Walk along the Zhongshan Road, and you will find the museum.【比较or,否则】Be quick, or you will miss the train.快点,否则
16、赶不上火车。(二) but 作连词 ,表转折关系 ,可以连接两个并列成分或两个并列分句,意为“但是 ,然而”。如He is young but very experienced.他虽然年轻 ,但很有经验。(二) so 意为因此、所以,表因果关系 ;表达的是结果。so 不能放在句首It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.雨下得很大 ,所以我们待在家里。I enjoyed drawing, so I am in the Art Club.我喜欢画画 ,所以我参加艺术社。so 不能和 because连用 ,如:Because he was hungry, so
17、 he ate a lot.( )Because he was hungry, he ate a lot.( )因为他饿了 ,所以吃了很多东西。He was hungry, so he ate a lot.( )Unit 3Our animal friends . 短语词组1.by oneself独自2.lead sb. to带领某人33.fall asleep / go to sleep / go to bed睡觉4. I m sorry that 很抱歉5.some time一段时间sometime某个时候sometimes有时候some times几次6.with sb. s help
18、. / with the help of sb./sth.在某人的帮助下7. wake up 醒来8.get down蹲下,趴下9.fire engine消防车10.in danger处于危险之中11.arrive in/at+ 大地点 /小地点reach+地点get to+地点get/arrive/reach home/here/there(即 home、 here、 there 三个词前不用介词)12.start doing sth: 开始一项长期或者习惯的动作start to do sth13. 形容词修饰不定代词,放在不定代词something、 anything 、 nothing
19、、 everything 后面 . 语法:反身代词 & 方位介词一、反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.作宾语enjoy oneself 玩得开心be yourself 做你自己2. by oneself =alone =on one s own 单独地,独自地3. 搭配 : all by oneself 独自; learn by oneself 自学; think to oneself 暗暗地想; say to oneself 自言自语;teach o
20、neself 自学; leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下;help oneself 自便二、 方位介词常用介词in、on、 behind 、next to 、 near、over、 under(1).in在里面:The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。(2).on在上面:There are some apples on the tree. 树上有些苹果。(3).under在下面 /正下方: Whats under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么(4).over在正上方:There is a shelf over the table. 桌
21、子上方有一个书架。(5).above在斜上方: Raise your arms above your head.(6).below在斜下方: Her skirt came below her knees.(7).behind在之后:There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。(8).next to在旁边 : There is a caf next to the barbers. 理发店隔壁是家咖啡馆。(9).near在附近:My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。(10).by在旁: He was sitting by th
22、e window .第一组: over, above 和 on 的用法1) over 指在的正上方,表示垂直在上。如: There is a lamp over the desk.2)above 指在上方,属于斜上方。如:Raise your arms above your head.3)on 指在上面,表示两物体接触。如:There is a cup on the table.第二组: under / below 的用法:1) under 在下面 /正下方: Whats under your desk?2) below 在斜下方: Her skirt came below her knees
23、.4第三组: in 和 on 表示“在上”1. 门一类镶嵌在墙里的,用in, 字画一类挂在墙面上的,用on1) He put up a map on the back wall because there was a hole in it.2 )There is a door in the wall.2. 一类落在树上的用in ,苹果一类长在树上的,用 on1 )There are some birds singing in the trees.2 )There are so many apples on that tree.第四组: in /on/ to 表示“接壤”ABABABBABAB
24、在 A 里 用 inA和 B 相邻、接壤,用 onA 和 B 不相邻,不接壤,用 to1) The United States is on the south of Canada and to the east of Japan.2) Japan lies to the east of China.第五组: at, in 表示“在”1)at 表示较小的地点。如:at the bus stop, at home2)in 表示较大的地点。如:in China, in the world第六组: in front of和 in the front of1)in front of 表示“在之前”范围外
25、。如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.2)in the front of表示“在的前部”范围内,如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.第七组: in / intoin 表示“在里面” ,强调静态,into 表示“去里面” ,强调动态。第八组: through / across 通过,穿过across 表示横过 ,即从物体表面通过,与on 有关,为二维through 穿过 ,即从物体内部穿过,与in 有关,为三维。Unit 4Save the trees. 短语(词
26、组)1. discuss=talk about 讨论2.cut off砍掉cut down 砍倒3.all over the country全国4.be harmful to=be bad for 对 .有害5.know more about进一步了解6.take in吸收7. for example 例如8. come from 来自9.in fact事实上10. look around 环顾11.stop doing sth.停止做某事 (不做 )stop to do sth停下来去做另外一件事12.be good for 对 .有益be bad for 对 .有害13. as a res
27、ult 结果14.the number of + c.n. 的复数,作主语,谓语动词用单数.的数量15.furniture家具【不可数名词】作主语时谓语用单数a piece of furniture一件家具two pieces of furniture两件家具16. be made of由.制成(看得出原材料) be made from 由 .制成(看不出原材料) be made by sb. 由某人制成5be made in在 .地方制作或生产17.millions of 大量的,数以百万计的基数词 + million或 millions of18. fight with :与某人斗争, f
28、ight against :反对某人、某物fight for :为某人、某物斗争, fight about :因为某物而战19.I know trees also make our lives more convenient. make sth + adj.使 .怎么样20.I can t imagine a world without trees.imagine vt. 想象 , without prep.无,没有21.However, people are destroying the area by cutting down many of the trees.by doing: 通过做
29、某事22. Many living things lose their homes because of deforestation. 1) because of+名词2) because +句子: I am happy because I received( 收到 ) a present just now.23. according to : 根据 . 语法:现在进行时( be doing )1、现在进行时的语法功能1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。这类情况常与now 现在、at the present 现在、at themoment 现在等时间状语连用。Please dont make
30、so much noise. Im writing a composition.不要吵闹。我正在写作文。Look! They are reading over there under the tree.看,他们在那边的树底下看书。Listen! She is singing in the room.听,她在房间里唱歌。2)表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。We are working in a factory these days.这几天我们在一家工厂工作。这类情况常与today 今天, this week 这个星期, this evening 今天晚上, these days目前
31、等时间状语连用。3)在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他们将要动身前往纽约。这类情况常与 come 来, go 去, leave 离开, depart 离开, arrive 到达, stay 逗留, start 开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。4)现在进行时与always 等副词连用时带有感情色彩。Hes always quarreling with others.他老喜欢跟别人吵架。与 always 总是, usually 通常, continually 不断的, constantl
32、y 经常的, forever 永远、老是等副词连用。5)有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。How are you feeling today? /How do you feel today?你今天感觉如何?Why are you looking so sad? /Why do you look so sad为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢?2、结构: be(am/is/are)+ 动词 ing( 现在分词 )1)肯定句:主语+ be + v-ing. +其他 .如: The children are playing in the park.2) 否定句:主语
33、 + be + not + v-ing. +其他 . 如: I am not talking to you.3)一般疑问句:Be +主语 + v-ing.+ 其它 ?如:Are you talking to me ?4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 ?如: Who are you talking to ?3、动词 ing 现在分词的变化规则1) 直接加 ing:do- doingplay- playingcry- cryingfly- flyinggo- going2)双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing:run- running,get- getting,let- letting,begi
34、n- beginning ,put-putting , sit-sitting ,swim- swimming , cut- cutting ,shop- shopping ,plan- planning.3)去掉最后一个不发音的e,再加 ing:dance- dancing,wake- waking ,take- taking,practice- practicing ,write- writing ,have- having4) 改 ie 为 y,再加 ing : die( 死亡 ) dying,tie(系)tyinglie (说谎 / 躺) - lying4、【注意】表状态、感觉、情绪、
35、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时如:believe(相信),doubt(怀疑 ), hear, know , understand, belong(属于 ), think (认为 ), look (看起来 ), show,6mind , have, sound(听起来 ), taste(尝起来 ), care, like , hate,love,例如: Danny: The doorbell is ringing.May: I know. I hear it.【信息词】 look, listen , nowUnit 5 Water. 短语(词组)1.turn off 关上 (电灯、煤气、自来水、电
36、视等) turn on打开(电灯、煤气、自来水、电视等)turn up 开大 (收音机、电视等 )音量turn down 调低 (收音机、电视等 )音量off on up down都是 adv. 接代词只能放中间如: turn it off2.look around = look round环顾四周3.It s time for sb to do sth.到某人做某事的时间了。It s time to do sth.到做某事的时间了。It s time for sth.是 .的时间了。4.add sth to sth 把 .加入 .里add A and B把A和B加起来5.make sbsth
37、 + adj.使某人、某物怎么样make sb do sth.让某人做某事6.remember (not) to do sth记得 (不)要去做某事 (事还没做 )remember doing sth记得做过某事 (事做了 )7. a large amount of 谓语用单数 ,后接不可数名词8.noise:噪音 ,不愉悦的声音sound:几乎所有声音9.along 沿着 (线)across 横穿 (面)10. 1)表示返回 , return 不能和 back 连用2)表示归还 , return 可以和 back 连用Please return the book back before Fr
38、iday.11. in the form of :以 .的形式12. a bit 有点 ;一点13.be made up of由 .组成14.dry up干涸15. continue to do sth. 继续做别的事continue doing sth继续做同一件事After he finished reading a novel, he continued to play games with his friends.他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。After a rest, he continues reading. 稍事休息后 ,他继续看书。 . 语法:谈论名词的数量一 . 谈论多少1
39、. “许多”的表达 : a lot of = lots of + 不可数名词 可数名词复数如: a lot of lots of watera lot of lots of swimmers many + 可数名词复数如: many swimmers much + 不可数名词如: much water2. “有一些 ;少量的 (肯定意义 )”的表达 : a little +不可数名词如:a little time a few + 可数名词复数如: a few friends3. “几乎没有 ;没有 (否定意义 )”的表达 : little +不可数名词如: There is little fo
40、od in the fridge. few +可数名词复数如: He has few friends.7 no +不可数名词 可数名词复数如: There is no water in the pool.4. 注意 :There are no swimmers in the pool. a little = not much“很少 (肯定意义 )”如: There is a little water in this bottle.= There is not much water in this bottle. a few = not many“很少 (肯定意义 )”如: There are
41、a few swimmers in the pool.= There are not many swimmers in the pool.二 . 询问多少1.How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句+ 其他如 : How many oranges are there in the fridge?2.How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句+ 其他如 : How much paper do you need? How much isare + the + n. ? 询问价格如 : How much are the oranges?三 . 谈论足够与否1.“太多的”表达:too many + 可数名词复数如: too many orangestoo much + 不可数名词如: too much water2.“足够的”表达:enough +可数名词复数不可数名词如: enough onions salt3. “不足的”表达 :not enough+可数名词复数不可数名词如: not enough onions salt4.“太少的”表达:too few + 可数名词复数如: too few eggstoo little + 不可数名词如: too little milk四. 区别1.too much + 不可数名词“太多的.”muc
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