高考英语阅读理解--词义猜测题解题技巧课件.ppt

1、-猜测词义猜测词义猜测词义题猜测词义题：词义猜测能力是英语高考阅词义猜测能力是英语高考阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考中读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考中的必考题型，主要考查对文中关键词语（实的必考题型，主要考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。要根据语境来判断。l要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定

2、语境中表达的具组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。体含义以及一些句子的意思。l要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。l代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。：1.The word“”refers to/probably means /could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.Wh

3、at do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.She is usually for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her f

4、irst class.6.Word Formation 构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。super-(超超)mini-

5、(极小的极小的,微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能的的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)利用利用重述重述作为上下文猜词的线索作为上下文猜词的线索。当作。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有：述的词或短语有：to put it another

6、way 换句话说换句话说or.即，或者说即，或者说that is 也就是说也就是说 that is to say 也就是说也就是说 in other words 换句话说换句话说lIn some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.l逗号后的逗号后的or water给出了给出了irrigate的准确含义，即的准确含义，即“灌溉灌溉”的意思。的意思。lThey traveled a long way,at last got to a castle,

7、a large building in old times.l逗号后的逗号后的a large building in old times同位语部分同位语部分重述重述castle 的确切词义，即古时候的的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡城堡”。lWe are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.l两个破折号之间的短语两个破折号之间的短语重述了重述了night shift的含义，的含义，很清楚很清楚地表明地表明night shift 是是“夜班夜班”的意思。的意思。l文章中的代词文章中的代词it,that,this,he,him 或或th

8、em可以指上文提到的人或物，其中可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。出代词所指代的事。lLike Schmid,the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion(捍卫捍卫)found photographs.One of them,called simply Found,was born one

9、 snowy night in Chicagol them指的是前面出现的指的是前面出现的self-published art magazineslHowever,the question that“moon people”asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.lit指的是月球人指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题（所问的问题（the question）。）。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有

10、时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himuncons

11、cious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n.麻醉剂麻醉剂(药药)lIts said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.l说明：根据常识，说明：根据常识，Bill Gates 为世界首富，为世界首富，所以所以 affluent 可能是可能是“富有的富有的”。lAs a scientist,Edison is very famous for his contrivances.l

12、说明：根据常识，说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他为发明大王，他应因应因“发明发明物物”而闻名于世。而闻名于世。l 1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山雪山 B.树枝树枝 C.冰河冰河 D.冰冰 2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever 3.Mr

13、.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用租用 B.借出借出 C.购买购买 D.参观参观 4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest 5.The

14、 old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的爱猫的 B.古怪的古怪的 C.闲不住闲不住 D.动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士便士 B.温饱温饱 C.非常贫困非常贫困 D.虚弱虚弱 10.Children are always boasting.T

15、hey say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”(NMET2002,E篇篇)A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.74.W

16、hat does the under lined word hassle probably mean?A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests解析解析:对比法对比法由前句的否定由前句的否定doesntdoesnt与与后句的肯定后句的肯定can becan be这一对比关系，可以推这一对比关系，可以推断出断出,hasslehassle的意思应该与的意思应该与fun

17、fun相反相反,而与而与difficulty,troubledifficulty,trouble等相近。故答案为等相近。故答案为C C。A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his fam

18、ily,his lineage(宗系宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame DThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should lea

19、ve the country for ever.BAlthough he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.BAfter a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee a

20、nd ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.D(NMET2004全国，广东卷)When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently,researche

21、rs found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.Eventually,it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe,and white as calm.The underlined part“the colors turned the customers off”(in Para.3)means t

22、hat the colors_.A.had weak effects on the customersB.tricked the customers into shopping C.caused the customers to lose interestD.attracted the customers strongly 通过因果法通过因果法可知答案为可知答案为C C(NMET2003,C篇篇,65)Fermats Last Theorem(定理定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the s

23、eventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the following best explains the

24、meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text?A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit peoples imagination.解析解析:相似法相似法由句中不难看出由句中不难看出FermatFermat的定理使的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)(beat)，并且，并且在

25、句中在句中beatenbeaten和和baffledbaffled处于同等并列关系，据处于同等并列关系，据此推断出此推断出bafflebaffle为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。故答案为思。故答案为B B。同学们在做词义猜测题时注意同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离不要脱离语境语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。会理解错误。l不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思。得出其意思。l不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定语境中的意思。得出其在特定语境中的意思。lFinish the reading passages in the papers.l完成步步高 限时训练10阅读理解题中的猜测词义题。