介词课件20年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件.pptx

1、高考语法突破高考语法突破第第4讲介讲介 词词inoverbeside with 1.1.什么介词？什么介词？2.2.介词的分类介词的分类2.2.介词的分类介词的分类besides Preposition 前置词 虚词 150+本质：后接名词或代词，表示对象之间的关系 最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高。难度最高：一词多用(with)一个相近的意思可以用不同的介词表示 (in/over the past few years.)固定搭配（动词搭配 make up after the fight）1.at the cinema,in the hospital2.write with a pen,go

2、by bus3.in summer,on September4.laugh for joy,be angry at his words5.by the way,at last,in the end方位介词方式介词时间介词原因介词固定搭配地点介词在下列情况下，between可用于三者：两个以上的人或物用and连接：between A，B and C 涉及人或事之间的区别以及人或事之间的关系时 the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别towards/toover、above 均可表示在数量上均可表示在数量上“多于多于”。over=more

3、 than；强调强调“控制、掌握、权威、优越控制、掌握、权威、优越”above 表示与表示与“最低限度最低限度”或或“标准标准”有关的事情；也可有关的事情；也可表示表示“级别、地位、重要性等高于级别、地位、重要性等高于”年过半百 over fifty 零上12 two degrees above zero He always puts his students above everything.He had little control over everything.1.Shes been here for two hours.2.A great person is always putti

4、ng others interest his own.3.He is average intelligence.overaboveabovebetween VS among1.Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves.2.Four Chinese models were the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.3.The relations various countries are compli

5、cated.amongamongbetweenacross VS through1.The sunlight came in the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.2.It is difficult to walk the desert within 3 days.3.Water will be pumped a pipe.throughacrossthroughat VS in1.He arrived Tianjing yesterday.2.They arrived a small village before dark.3.T

6、hey arrived Beijng at 12:00 and waited for a bus the station.inatin at+小地方（村庄、小城镇）小地方（村庄、小城镇）at the village，at home，at the corner of the street in+大地方（国家、城市）或某个范围之内大地方（国家、城市）或某个范围之内in Shanghai，in the country，in Asia，in the worldaton in toinonto境内境外接壤境外分离GuangdongNorth KoreanJapanthe east of China.is

7、inonto1.Shanghai lies the east of China and the northeast of Guangdong.2.Hubei is the north of Hunan.3.Fujian is east of China.4.China lies the east of Asia and the north of Australia.intooninintoon VS in on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)in the tree（外加在树上的事物）（外加在树上的事物）on the wall(墙表面的事物墙表面的事物)

8、in the wall（镶嵌在墙内部的事物）（镶嵌在墙内部的事物）时间介词atat用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,黎明、终止和开端,atat与之紧相伴。周、月、季、年、长时间,inin须放在其前面,泛指一晌和傍晚,也要放在inin后面。onon指特定某一天,日期、星期、节日前,某天上、下午和夜晚,依然要在onon后面。今明昨天前后天,上下这那每之前,at,in,on都不填,此乃习惯记心间。注:上下这那每之前是指last/next/this/that/every之前。2018湖北咸宁高三重点高中联考,70One of Chinas two Golden Weeks,this years Natio

9、nal Day holiday has been extended by one day as the Mid-Autumn Festival falls Oct.4.on表将来表将来 in+时间段时间段 after+时间点时间点 after+时间段时间段 可用于过去时可用于过去时after VS in VS later 在之后时间时间+later1.He will be back _two hours.2.He will be back two hours _.3.He will be back _ two oclock.4.He came back _ two hours.5.He is

10、in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.inafter laterafterinby VS before VS ago VS till/until在之前1.He called the two young men to him dawn,when others were sound asleep.2.I didnt go to bed 12 oclock.3.Please come ten oclock.4.We had learned over 1,000 words the end of last ter

11、m.5.We will have learned 2,000 English words the end of this term.beforeuntilbeforeby by from VS since从开始（以来）You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什么时间来都行。We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。for VS during VS over在期间for表示长达(时间),后接时间段during 表示“在期间”over表示“在期间”，后接sth.，例：ove

12、r a cup of teaShe has been writing for several hours.I stayed in France for two weeks during the summer.They have a pleasant chat over dinner.方式介词by指靠手段,用方法,后接名词、代词或动名词。表示交通方式：by+交通工具表示交通方式。with使用(某种工具、物品或材料)。后接的可数名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料、颜色等，所接名词前不加冠词on通过,使用,借助于。l He makes a living by sellin

13、g newspapers.他靠卖报纸谋生。l We pick the tea by hand.by ship=by sea by plane=by air by hand=with her handl Please write it in ink，not in pencil.请用钢笔写而不是用铅笔写。=Please write it with an ink，not with a pencil.l They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。l She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。by/in/w

14、ith/on用法归纳用法归纳write _ a pen/cut _ a knifesee _ our eyes_ English/_ your own words_ a low voice_ this way_ bike/bus/train/road/air/sea/land_ this means_ the radio/the phone/TV_ the bike/bus/train/ship withwith inininbybyononwithinwith+工具工具/人体部位人体部位in+语言语言/声音声音/方法方法wayby+交通工具交通工具/方法方法meanson+媒介媒介/the+

15、交通工具交通工具原因介词for常与表示闻名、奖罚、害怕等意义的形容词或动词连用,如famous,known,praise,punish等at常与表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词或过去分词(如happy,pleased,angry,delighted等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因。with强调随着心理或外界条件变化而产生的变化from/of常与die连用,用of时通常指死于疾病、饥饿、衰老等,而用from则常指由于外部原因而死,如交通事故、地震等l Xian is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。l He was surprised at the

16、news.听到这个消息他大吃一惊。l He shouted loudly with anger.他气得大喊大叫。l With the development of technology,our life become more and more easy.随着科技的不断发展，我们的生活变得越来越轻松。l He died from the traffic accident.他死于车祸。l He died of cancer.他死于癌症。表示关于的介词:of,about,onof表示关于人或事物的存在He spoke of the film the other day.about 表示关于某人或某

17、事物的较详细的情况I happened to know about him.on表示关于学术性的或严肃的、供专门研究用的 Its a textbook on the history of China.Nick,there is a lecture Thai culture this afternoon.Would you like to come with me?on(福建高考)Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种

18、各样的传统福建菜。1.We need fifteen more people _ our team to do the job.2._a desk or two,the classroom was empty.3.She seldom talked of anything _ painting.4._ his wife,his daughter also went swimming.5.We all attended the meeting _ Xiao Li.6.There is no one here _ Mary and Tom.7.Who _ a fool would do such

19、a thing?8.I want to see a movie go swimming.besidesExcept forbutBesidesexceptbutbut易错易错警示警示besides also，another，more，other，else，tooexcept 句末句末 except for句首或句末句首或句末but常用于nobody，none/who，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。but常考介词短语常考介词短语1.介词与名词的常用搭配介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at+n.表示

20、状态at a loss不知所措at breakfast早餐时at peace处于和平中at rest静止,不动at sea在海上at war在战争中at work在工作(2)at+n.表示时间at Christmas在圣诞节at dusk在黄昏at dawn在黎明at daybreak在拂晓at midnight在午夜at night在夜里at noon在正午at present目前at sunrise日出时(3)以at开头的短语at the same time同时at the beginning of在的开始at the cost of以为代价at the end of在的尽头at the

21、foot of在脚下at the mercy of在支配下;任由摆布at the price of以的价格at the risk of冒的危险at the sight of一看到就(4)on+n.表示状态on a trip/journey/tour在旅行on display陈列on duty/guard在值班/警戒中on exhibition在展出on fire着火 on holiday/vacation在度假on line在工作(或运行)on sale出售,打折on show在展出on the decrease在减少on the go在忙碌中on the increase在增加on the

22、march在行进中on the way在途中on trial在受审(5)以on开头的介词短语on account of因为on behalf of代表on condition that在的条件下,如果on no account/condition/occasion决不on the basis of以为基础on the occasion of在时(6)by+n.表示方式by accident偶然by air/plane乘飞机by chance偶然by coincidence碰巧by force用暴力by hand用手工by mistake错误地by the day按天算by nature天生地b

23、y radio通过无线电by weight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量(7)in+n.表示方式in cash用现金付款in width在宽度上in depth在深度上in detail详细地in English用英语in height在海拔上in length在长度上in ink用墨水in shape在外形上in size在大小上(8)in+n.表示状态in anger生气地in battle在战斗中in bed在床上in comfort舒适地in danger处于危险中in debt负债in delight高兴地in despair绝望地in difficu

24、lty处于困难中in doubt不确定,拿不准in fear在恐惧中in high spirits情绪高昂地in need在困境中in order就绪in peace平静地,平安地in practice在实践中in print已出版in prison在狱中in public公开地in rags穿着破烂in ruins成为废墟in secret秘密地in silence沉默着in space在太空中in surprise惊奇地in trouble在困难中in use在使用中in view看得见in wonder惊奇地(9)以in开头的介词短语in the face of面对 in additio

25、n to除以外(还)in case of万一;如果;假如in celebration of为庆祝in charge of掌管in consequence of由于in contrast to与相比in control of管理;控制;操纵in exchange for作为对的交换in favor of支持,赞成in fear of害怕in front of在前面(外部的)in honour of为向表示敬意in memory of为了纪念in need of需要in no time立刻in place of代替in possession of拥有,占有in praise of表扬in prep

26、aration for为做准备in respect of关于in response to作为对的回应in return作为回报in spite of尽管in support of为支持in the charge of在的管理下in the direction of在方向in the front of在前面(内部的)in the habit of有习惯in the hope of抱着的希望in the middle of在中间(10)of+n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的of help有帮助的of importance重要的of interest有趣的of signi

27、ficance有意义的of use有用的of value有价值的(11)out of+n.表示状态out of balance失去平衡out of breath上气不接下气out of business停业,歇业out of control不受控制out of danger脱离危险out of date过期out of debt不欠债out of fashion不流行out of luck不走运out of mind发狂out of office在野out of order出故障out of patience不耐烦out of season过季out of shape走样,不成形out of

28、sight看不到out of the question不可能out of question毫无疑问out of trouble摆脱困难out of work失业(12)under+n.表示被动under attack遭到袭击under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control处于控制之中under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中under way在进行中(13)以under开头的短语under the care of.接受的治疗

29、under the direction of.在的指导下under the influence of.在的影响下under the protection of.在的庇护下(14)with+n.表示方式with anger生气地with confidence有信心地with courage英勇地with delight/joy高兴地with difficulty困难地with ease轻而易举地with fear害怕地with interest有兴趣地with pleasure乐意地with pride骄傲地with satisfaction满意地with success成功地with kind

30、ness亲切地(15)beyond+n.表示“超出,难以”beyond compare无与伦比beyond comprehension难以理解beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt不用怀疑,确实beyond expression难以表达beyond measure非常;极其beyond question无可争辩;毋庸置疑beyond reach够不到beyond words难以表达beyond ones wildest dreams做梦都没想到,远远出乎所料2.形容词与介词的常用搭配形容词与介词的常用搭配(1)adj.+aboutb

31、e anxious about忧虑be careful about小心be concerned about担心be curious about对好奇be excited about对感到兴奋be particular about对讲究/挑剔be serious about对认真be sorry about对感到抱歉be sure about对有把握be upset about对感到失望be worried about对担心(2)adj.+atbe angry at对感到恼怒be astonished at对吃惊be bad at不擅长be delighted at因而高兴be disappoi

32、nted at对失望be good at擅长be skilled at在方面很熟练be surprised at对吃惊(3)adj.+inbe absorbed in专注于be confident in对有信心be diligent in勤于be engaged in忙于be excellent in在方面优秀be experienced in在方面有经验be expert in擅长be interested in对感兴趣be involved in包括在中,被卷入be lacking in缺乏be occupied in忙于be rich in富有be slow in迟迟不be succes

33、sful in在成功be weak in不擅长(4)adj.+forbe anxious for急切盼望,渴望be eager for渴望be famous for以著名be fit for适合,胜任be good for对有益be hungry for渴望be late for迟到be prepared for为做好准备be ready for准备好be sorry for对感到抱歉be thankful for因而感激be unfit for不适合,不胜任(5)adj.+frombe absent from缺席be different from不同于be far from远离be free

34、 from不受影响be safe from免受的伤害(6)adj.+tobe blind to对视而不见be close to接近be contrary to与相反be deaf to对充耳不闻be devoted to致力于be equal to等于be fair to对公平be familiar to 对来说熟悉be friendly to对友好be good to对好be grateful to对心存感激be harmful to对有危害be important to对重要be kind to对友好be known to为所知be married to与结婚be necessary to

35、对有必要be opposed to反对be opposite to与对立be polite to对有礼貌be rude to对无礼be similar to与相似be useful to对有用be/get used to习惯于(7)adj.+ofbe afraid of害怕be ashamed of为感到羞耻be aware of意识到be capable of能够be composed of由组成be fond of喜欢be full of 充满be proud of因而自豪be short of短缺be sure/certain of坚信,确信be tired of厌烦be worthy

36、of 值得(8)adj.+withbe angry with(sb.)对(某人)发怒be busy with忙于be combined with与结合be concerned with与有关;涉及,关心,关注be connected with与有关be content with对满意be covered with被覆盖be crowded with挤满be familiar with对熟悉be filled with充满be patient with对有耐心be pleased with对感到满意be popular with受的欢迎be satisfied with对满意be sick wi

37、th患病3.其他常用短语其他常用短语according to根据along with随着together with连同to and from.往返于because of因为but for要不是next to在隔壁owing to因为up to直到by means of借助by way of经由,经过(某地);作为for fear of唯恐for the good of为了的利益for lack of因为缺乏for the purpose of为了for the sake of为了起见for life一生,终身He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.Hes very experienced in looking after animals.She is blind to her husbands faults.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词填空 Im at a loss what to do next.