中考名词专项讲义习题.doc

1、 语法专项一名词 直击考点1可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。一、名词分类 类别 意义 典型例词 普通名词 个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词girl, pen, book, door, panda可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的名词police, people, family , classteam, army物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词water, rice , soup , wood, tea, juice不可数名词抽象名词表示行为、品质、感情或状态等抽象概念的词knowledge , love, danger , health,mu

2、sic 专有名词表示特定的人、地方、专门机构或团体等名称的词Tom, Mr Brown, Beijing, University, New York, The Comunist Party of China ,Pacific Ocean二、名词的数 名词有可数和不可数之分。可数名词：表示可以计算数目的人或物的名称为可数名词。可数名词分为单数可数名词和复数可数名词。不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词为不可数名词，前面不能加a或an,没有复数形式。1、 单数可数名词：前一般要用不定冠词a或an. a加在以辅音开头的名词前，an加在以元音开头的名词前。an egg注意：aan后面有时紧接的不

3、是单数名词，而是aan+形容词+单数名词的形式。用a还是an要看紧跟其后的形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。_new orange 2、复数可数名词：复数可数名词是在单数后面加-s或-es.名词复数的规则变化（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2） 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。注意：以th结尾的加s, 例如：month-months , mout

4、h-mouths（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（4）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。（5）以o结尾的加-es或-s。有生命的加-es例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes, NegroNegroes, mangoman

5、goes无生命的词末尾只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，photophotos，pianopianos。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。情 况 读法 例 词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在s z 等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在b d g v等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives 3、名词复数的不规则变化（1）元音发生变化：例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，mousemice，

6、 goosegeese 【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans； Americans; Australians ; Indians 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 ，如：men workers， women teachers。（2）单复数形式相同：例如：Chinese，Japanese(中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面)，sheep，deer，fish等。（这些名词都是可数名词）（3）有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，cl

7、othes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，注意：这类名词前不可以直接加aan，也不能直接加数词，表示数量时需用aan数词+名词+of+名词的结构。例如：two pairs of trousers.（4）词尾发生变化： childchildren oxoxen注意：（1）单数形式但其意为复数的名词：people, police等(这两个词当主语时，谓语就是复数）。 （2）有些名词虽然是以s结尾，但是它不是名词的复数，而是单数本身词尾为s。应作为名词单数来看。maths physics news4不可数名词“量”的表示方法 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下

8、两种方法： （1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？ I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice （2）当表示不可数名词的确切数量时，通常可在不可数名词前加上表示数量的单位词。例如： a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece

9、 of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如： two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water三、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是，例如：a students room, students ro

10、oms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day， womens smile3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s/s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of+名词结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the co

11、lor of the flowers。5.有时s结构可以转换成of结构以示强调。the girls skirt= the skirt of the girl6. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。7.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。 两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄

12、妹）。四、名词的语法作用：做主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语。名词专项习题一、单项选择1.These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor2.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes3.-Are there any _ on

13、the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep4.-What would you like to drink, _ or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea5- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some b

14、ottle of waters6Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear7There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears8What is _brother？ He is a policeman A. Jims and Pauls B. Jim and Paul C. Jim and Pauls 9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C.

15、boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11,-Its dangerous here.Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children12Are they going to have a

16、picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day13What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the_hurdles（跨栏）.A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters14.Why do you look so excited，Tim？ Ive just got a wonderful _. A. news B. job C. furniture 15.There is some_ on the plat

17、e. A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer16.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows17.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges18.I have got _ news from my fr

18、iend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces19._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys20.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute wal

19、k21. Here are some _. Do you like _？ A. oranges; them B. orange; it C. oranges; they D. oranges; their22. A: Can I help you，madam？ B: I want _. A. two boxes of apple B. two glass of water C. two bowls of porridge23.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes

20、 D. minute24.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads25.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. Children26.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holiday

21、C. two-month holiday D. two months holidays27.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working28.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of29. Health is important for us teenagers，so we should eat more vegetables such as _ t

22、o keep healthy. A. tomatoes and potatoes B. tomatos and potatos C. tomatos and potatoes30.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes31.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys32.There are lots of _ in the basket on the ta

23、ble .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss33.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices34.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes35.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women

24、teacher D. womans teacher36.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs37. YesterdayLucytoldussuchgood_thatweareallamazedatit.A.news B.ideas C.suggestion D.answer38.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt_ news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few39. With whom did

25、 you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ? _.A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you 40. Mr Black gave us _on how to learn English well.A.an adviceB.many advices C.some adviceD.some advices41. We should not eat _ meat.A. too many B. much too C. too much D.

26、 many too42. Good news. We will have a _holiday.-Ive heard of it.But its coming in_.A.three days ; three days time B.three days; three days C.three-day; three days D.three days; three-day time43.I like _ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodle

27、s44.Its said that you have moved into a new house.Yeah，and we need to buy some_ in the mall nearby.A. food B. furniture C. hamburger45.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women46.Lets get some _ about tourism on the Internet

28、.A. information B. message C. invention47._ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman48. .-Would you like some _?-No,thank you.Im not hungry at all.A.water B.books C.

29、clothes D.bread49. .Hurry up. There is _ time left.A. a little B. little C. few50This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning.A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters51. We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once.A. information B. advice C. idea D.

30、news52.Id like _ grapes and pears.Oh, I only need _ orange juice.A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few53. I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it.A. few B. little C. a few D. a little54. are made of A. Glass; glasses B. Glasses; glassesC. A glass; g

31、lasses D. Glasses; glass55. At the foot of the mountain, you can hear the of running water.A. soundB. noiseC. voiceD. silence56.She has been in Jinan for eight years. Jinan has become her second .A. stationB. houseC. homeD. family57.- How far is your cousins home from here? - Its about two drive.A.

32、hoursB. hoursC. hoursD. hour二、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)58. There is something exciting in (今天的) newspaper.59. All the (英雄) are great people. We should remember them forever.60. Im interested in science, and I want to be a (科学家) when I grow up.61. We will go to my (叔叔家) for dinner this Saturday.三、适当形式填空(单句适当形

33、式)62. Quite a few students havent realized the (important) of learning English.63. Altogether, the meeting was a (succeed).64. Could you please (give) me some (suggest) for vacation spots?65. We were surprised at the (beautiful) of nature.66. Many (visitor) from Australia came to our school last Fri

34、day.67. They are (German). They arent (Englishman).68. Computers can work out difficult problems more quickly than (human).69. After six hours of heavy rain, the river rose two (foot).70. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast (develop) in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.71. Last term

35、I took the teachers (advise) and made great progress.四、首字母填空(短文首字母) Dick was a clever boy, but his p 72 were very poor because both of them were out of w 73 . So he had to make m 74 in his h 75 . In this way he was able to go on studying, and in order to make more money he had to get two j 76 . One

36、summer he was lucky to get two jobs: One is at the butchers during the daytime, and the other is in a hospital at night. He must wear white c 77 in these two places. One evening in the h 78 , Dick helped to carry a w 79 from her bed to the operating table. The woman was afraid of the o 80 before Dic

37、k came to get her. But as soon as she saw him, she got even more frightened. She had seen Dick cut m 81 in the butchers before. “No! No!” she cried, “I wont be operated on by a butcher.”五、补全短文（共10小题；共10分） Each year, we celebrate many holidays here in America. On January, we welcome the coming of a n

38、ew year like many people in other 82. . And we have another four holidays on the first days of four 83. : April Fools Day, May Day, Friendship Day(Aug.1) and Grandparents Day(Sept.1). The most important holiday for the young people comes in 84. . It is Valentines Day. Lots of boys give red roses to

39、girls as a 85. . People celebrate some holidays for their family members. We say 86. to our mothers in May and celebrate 87. Day in the following month. In November many people return home for Thanks-giving Day, so the whole 88. can stay together. There are also some interesting holidays for 89. . F

40、or example, Halloween comes at the end of October. Children often play with pumpkin lanterns and put on all kinds of masks(面具). Of course, the most important 90. is Christmas. After a year of 91. and study, people can enjoy a long holiday, eat big meals, and visit families and friends.一、单项选择15 C D D C B 6-10 B B A C C 11-15 D A A CB 1620 ABCBD 2125AACCD2630 CCBDA 3135 BCBCA 36-40 CA C D B 41-45CA A B D 46-50A C D D B 51-55C B C C A 56-60C D B C D 61-65D C D D C 66-70C A C B C 7