浙江省杭州市高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习(4)(DOC 11页).doc

1、杭州市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（4）及答案阅读理解 Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) th

2、is release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using ligh

3、t to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release c

4、an be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes. That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the

5、 University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading

6、to its breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in

7、a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NI

8、R light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

9、63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature change. B. NIR light. C. Acidity change. D. UV light.64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C. It has not come onto t

10、he market up till now.D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?A. protected B. formed C. exposed D. combined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。63. B信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have design

11、ed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。64. D推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知答案。65. C信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the react

12、ive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。社会生活类Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the

13、 country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to mana

14、ge conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit? First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a r

15、elatively minor insult (侮辱) . For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conf

16、lict. Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) : stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name- calling, and accusations only add fuel t

17、o the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each o

18、ther. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non- threatening questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. T

19、his doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try

20、new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesnt, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution. There will a

21、lways be conflict in schools, but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers r

22、eported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schoo

23、ls across the country. 1. This article is mainly about.A. the lives of school childrenB. the cause of arguments in schoolsC. how to analyze youth violenceD. how to deal with school conflicts2. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that.A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime B. a small conflict can

24、 lead to violenceC. students tend to lose their temper easilyD. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight3. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5? A. To find out who is to blame. B. To get ready to try new things. C. To make clear what the real

25、issue is. D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match. 4. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that.A. there was decrease in classroom violenceB. there was less student cooperation in the classroomC. more teachers felt better about themselves in schoolsD. th

26、e teacher- student relationship greatly improved5. The writers purpose for writing this article is to.A. complain about problems in school educationB. teach students different strategies for school lifeC. advocate teaching conflict management in schoolsD. inform teachers of the latest studies on sch

27、ool violence【参考答案】41.DBCAC【山东省潍坊市2014高考英语一模试题】DToday，we are told，children dont spend enough time in the fresh airMany of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TVthey seem to be living in a virtual worldThey have lost touqh with natureBut now 400 organizations in the UK，from playgro

28、ups to the National Health Service，are encouraging children to have some“wild time”They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outsideActivities such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just so

29、me of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city，they can go on adventures in the garden or the parkChildren often need a helping hand from mum and dadThey need to be shown what to do and where to goAndy Simpson from National Health Service says，“We want parents to see what this magical won

30、der product does for their kids development，independence and creativity，by giving wild time a go” So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now，it seems that going back to basics and experiencing“natures playground”is what modern children needDavid Bond from Project Wild Thing sa

31、ys，“We need to make more space for wild time in childrens daily routine，freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted”This might sound a bit old fashioned to you or maybe，like me，its made you think about sticking on your boots，getting outdoors and r

32、eliving your childhoodTheres no age limit on enjoying yourself!56What is the best title of the text?AWild time for children BBenefits of wild timeCMore space for children DAdventures of children57Children are encouraged to do the following activities except Abuilding dens Bclimbing treesCplaying hid

33、e and seek Dwatching TV58According to Andy Simpson，we know that Awild time is hard to designBwild time is beneficial for childrenCparents know the importance of wild timeDparents like keeping their children indoors59Whats the main idea of Paragraph 4 ?AModem children need wild time BAdults value out

34、door activitiesCThe present world is complicated DThis generation of kids have no freedom60The last paragraph suggests that Apeople li,ke recalling the past Bit is out of date to go outdoorsCit is too late for adults to enjoy nature Dpeople at any age can enjoy wild time【参考答案】5660、ADBAD【四川省2014高考英语仿

35、真模拟试题】EGrown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding? To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像

36、)of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movemen

37、ts. All the 16-to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a b

38、aby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land? Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old

39、and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the

40、 babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted(替换)a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the

41、 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object. 47. The passage is mainly about _. A. babies sense of sight B. effec

42、ts of experiments on babies C. babies understanding of objects D. different tests on babies feelings 48. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object_. A. still exists B. keeps its shape C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach 49. What did Bower use in his experiments?

43、 A. A chair. B. A screen.C. A film. D. A box. 50. Which of the following statements is true? A. The babies didnt have a sense of direction. B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls. C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects. D. The babies couldnt tell a ball from its optical i

44、llusion 【参考答案】47-50 CABD 较难题目特训：科普知识类 Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to en

45、vironmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物)

46、 were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can

47、raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainlymodest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of

48、 these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. 1. The text mainly discusses the relationship between.A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smoki