高考英语专题五-介词和介词短语考点讲解课件.pptx

1、语法复习之（五）介词介词或介词短语的句法功能 1）Because of the bad weather,i was late for school.2)The first attack started after midnight.3)The girl under the tree is so beautiful.4)i like goods of high quality.5)we are of the same age.6)she is in Boston this week.7)Keep the dog out of the house,please.8)we regard him as

2、 a hero.状语、定语、表语、宾补 We are flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr.I bought these books _ 5 dollars each.I bought these books _ 30 dollars.He is paid _ the week.Eggs are sold _ the dozen.atatforbyby He divided the sweets _ the children who were divided _ three groups.A.in;in B.into;into C.between;in D.among;i

3、ntostudents should take a break _ classes.Dbetween He usually goes to work on time _.A.except for raining days B.besides it rains C.but that it rains D.except on rainy days_ basketball,I like playing Pingpang.You have no choice _ work hard.Li Long is a good student _ his laziness.DBesidesbutexcept f

4、or _the gate and youll find the entrance _ the park _ the other side.A.Through;to;on B.Along;of;on C.Down;to;at D.Up;of;by Early _ the morning of May 1,we started off _ the mountain village.A.in;for B.in;to C.on;/D.on;forAD Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it.Hainan is

5、 _ the coast of the mainland.A.in;in;on B.in;on;off C.on;to;on D.in;to;awayB His father will be back from London _ a few days.A.since B.in C.on D.after -How long has the bookshop been in business?-_ 1987.A.After B.In C.From D.Since The touch they had both kept in _ many years broke.A.for B.on C.into

6、 D.withBDA 真题单句归纳（1）Bill insisted in staying near the car.（全国卷）（2）Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.（3）When I have free time I go a long walk.（全国卷）（4）When they came down the police were angry to them.（全国卷）（5）Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since th

7、ey are ill.（全国卷）（6）and some books，for example，books for history，science，cooking and gardening are also popular.（全国卷）（7）I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.（全国卷）（8）It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.（全国卷）（9）In fact，they are planning to visit China in n

8、ext year.）（全国卷）（10）We practise for three times every week.（11）We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.（全国卷）12）Unfortunately，there are too many people among my family.（全国卷）（13）I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing全国卷）（14）Thanks very much on in

9、viting me to your birthday party on Sunday.（北京春季卷）（15）So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time.（北京春季卷）（16）but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.（全国卷）（17）For instance，on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning.（北京春季卷）（18）I was

10、so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（全国卷（19）His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.（安徽春季卷）（20）I feel sorry to him.）（安徽春季卷）（21）Because so much viewing，children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to

11、enjoy themselves.（北京春季卷）（22）On one year the average child will see 25，000 television commercials（北京春季卷）（23）The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese）（全国卷）（24）Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.So I feel unhappy every day.（全国卷）（25）You can find all kinds information in j

12、ust a few minutes on the Internet.The train leaves _ 6:00pm,so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 at the latest.A.at;until B.for;after C.at;by D.before;around.The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A.from;at B.of;in C.of;on D.for;during.The railway was opened _ traffic _ April 4,1985.A.to;on B.to;in

13、 C.by;on D.for;onCCA命题趋势命题规律掌握各个介词的用法及易混介词的辨析。1掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语。2掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。3一、表示时间的介词(1)at,on,in介词意义例子at表示在期间,在时刻,在岁时at 6:00 oclock在6点钟;at dawn在黎明;at noon在中午;at night在夜间;at Christmas在圣诞节期间;at the age of five在五岁时on表示在具体某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上on(the morning of)March 183月18日(早晨);on Sunday在周日;on Monday

14、afternoon在周一下午in表示在某世纪、年、季度、月、周以及泛指的上午、下午、晚上in the 20th century在20世纪;in 1999在1999年;in winter在冬季;in September在9月;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上注意：今明昨天前后天,上下这那每之前,at,in,on都不填,此乃习惯记心间。注:上下这那每之前是指last/next/this/that/every之前。当表示时间的词前有one,any,each,every,some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day

15、.(2)for,during,through介词意义例句for表示长达(时间),后接时间段She has been ill for several days.她已经病了几天了。during表示在期间I went to France for two weeks during the summer.夏天我去了法国两个星期。through表示一直,自始至终They worked through the night.他们通宵工作。(3)from,sincefrom表示时间的起点,可译作从起,多用于fromto/till结构中。uYou can come anytime from Monday to F

16、riday.周一至周五你什么时间来都行。since表示自从以来(直到现在)。uWe have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。【特别提醒】for和since都常与完成时连用,但for后接时间段,since后接过去时间点。如for two hours两小时;since last week自上周以来。(4)before,by,till,untilbefore指在之前,与after相对。uPlease come before ten oclock.请10点以前来。by指不迟于,到为止,在之前。by后接过去的时间时,常与过去完成时连用;by

17、后接将来的时间时,常与将来完成时连用。uWe had learned over 1,000 words by the end of last term.到上学期期末为止,我们已经学了1 000多个单词了。uWe will have learned 2,000 English words by the end of this term.到本学期结束之前,我们将学习2 000个英语单词。till(until)直到。在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。uYou must wait till tomorrow.你必须一直等到明天。

18、uI didnt go to bed until 12 oclock.直到12点我才上床睡觉。(5)after,in,withinin 与after 都可表示在之后,但用法不同:a.用in时要具备两个条件:用于将来时;后接时间段。uIll come to see you again in a few days.过几天我再来看你。b.用after时有两种情况:可用于过去时和将来时。uMy sister came back from America after three years.三年后我姐姐从美国回来了。uTom will leave Beijing after two oclock thi

19、s afternoon.今天下午两点以后,汤姆将离开北京。within表示在之内。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一段时间,没有时态的限制。uI can finish it within an hour.我在一个小时之内就可以把它做完。二、表示地点、方位的介词(1)at,on,to,in 介词用法例句at其后一般接小地方。接地名时,常将此地视为空间的一点Guangdong is on the southeast of Guangxi;Fujian lies to the south of Jiangsu and all of them are in China.广东在广西的东南方向,福建在江苏南边

20、,它们都位于中国。on 表示两地接壤to 表示两地不接壤in其后一般接大地方或表示在某个范围之内(2)on,over,above介词用法例句on表示在之上,强调两个物体相接触,反义词是beneathThere is a glass on the table,a map of the world on the wall,and a clock above this map.桌子上有一只玻璃杯,墙上有一幅世界地图,这幅地图的上方有一个钟表。above仅表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,反义词是belowover 表示在某物的正上方,反义词是underThere was a lamp hangin

21、g over the desk.书桌上方吊着一盏灯。(3)along,through,across介词用法例句along表示沿着某一路径行进I saw them running together along the road yesterday.昨天我看见他们沿着马路一起跑。through意为穿过,表示从内部空间通过They walked across the square,and then through the dark forest.他们走过广场,然后穿过阴暗的森林。across表示横穿,强调从某一物体的表面通过 介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to go ov

22、er the mountain;he had to go round it.介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window.(4)between,among【between在之间(指两者),常和and连用。uThe building stands between the park and the small river.那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。among在之间(指三者或三者以上)。uWell visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。特别提醒】如果指三个及三个以上的人或物

23、中的每两个之间,仍然要用between。如:Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。三、其他用途的介词(1)表示标准或单位的介词:at,for,byat表示以速度,以价格。uHe drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时80英里的速度行驶。uI sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。for表示用交换。uI bought the car for 20,000 dollars.买这辆小汽车花了我20

24、 000美元。uHe sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了。u注意：at表示单价(price)，for表示总钱数。by表示以计,后跟度量单位。uGold is sold by the gram.金子以克出售。uThey paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。(2)表示材料的介词:of,from(常与be made连用)介词用法例句of表示从成品仍可看出原材料This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。from表示从成品已看不出原材料Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。in表示

25、用某种材料或语言。Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。(3)表示工具或手段的介词:by,with,onby的用法:a.指靠手段,用方法,凭借,后可接名词、代词或动名词。uHe makes a living by selling newspapers.他靠卖报纸谋生。b.表示交通方式。u用by+表示交通工具的名词表示交通方式。此时名词前不加冠词。如:by bike(骑自行车),by bus(乘公共汽车),by taxi(乘出租车),by train(乘火车),by shi

26、p(乘轮船),by plane(乘飞机)等。u用by+表示交通方式的名词来表示交通方式。如:by land(从陆路),by water(从水路),by sea(从海路),by air(乘飞机)等。【特别提醒】用in(on)+表示交通工具的名词 也可表示交通方式。此时交通工具名词前必须有冠词、名词所有格形式或形容词性物主代词等限定词。如:We went there in a car.我们乘小汽车去那里。He often goes to school on his bike.他经常骑自行车去上学。with用工具,所用的东西都是具体的。其后所接的名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。uPlease write

27、 with a pencil.请用铅笔写。uWhat can I stick on with?我用什么把这个贴上去呢?on以方式。多用于固定词组。uThey talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。uShe learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。(4)表示关于的介词:of,about,on指关于学术性的或严肃的、供专门研究用的I happened to know about him.我碰巧了解他的情况。Its a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。

28、指关于人或事物的存在He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。指关于某人或某事物的较详细的情况of用法例句about例句用法关于用法例句on(6)表示原因、理由的介词:for,at,with,from/of介词用法例句for常与表示闻名、奖罚、害怕等意义的形容词或动词连用,如famous,known,praise,punish,tremble等Xian is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。He trembled for fear.他吓得发抖。at常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词或过去分词(如ha

29、ppy,pleased,angry,delighted等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因He was surprised at the news.听到这个消息他大吃一惊。with常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用,强调随着心理变化而产生的感情变化He shouted loudly with angerHearing the news,he jumped with joy.from/of常与die连用,用of时通常指死于疾病、饥饿、衰老等,而用from则指由于受伤或不注意而死He died from the traffic accident.He died of cancer.(7)表示像一样

30、的介词:like,as介词意义例句like 像一样(其实不是)The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。as作为,以身份(其实是)He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。考点二介词短语 常见的介词短语1.at构成的短语at first起先,首先at last 最后at length详细地,最后at lunch在吃午饭at once立刻at peace处于和平状态at rest在休息at sea在大海上at table在吃饭at the age of在岁时at the end of在之末at the foo

31、t of在脚下at the same time同时at will任意地at work在上班at2.by构成的短语by accident偶然by chance碰巧by mistake错误地by the way顺便说下by nature天生地by oneself单独地,独自地by3.beyond构成的短语beyond description难以形容beyond control无法控制beyond ones reach够不着beyond sb 某人无法理解beyond words无法用语言形容beyond4.in构成的短语in advance事先,预先in case如果,万一in charge主管,

32、掌管in common共有,共同in need 有需要in detail详细地,详尽地in effect实际上,生效in fact事实上in general 大体上,总体上in order按顺序,有效的,妥当in place适当的,恰当的in return作为回报in short 简言之in sight看得见in turn依次,转而in vain徒劳in5.on构成的短语on foot步行on holiday在度假on loan借贷 on strike罢工 on time准时on the air正在播送onon duty在值勤on leave在休假on purpose 故意地on sale出售

33、on average平均on the move在移动中6.under构成的短语under consideration在考虑中under construction在建设中under development在发展中under repair在修理中under test在测试中under7.out of构成的短语out of balance失去平衡out of breath上气不接下气out of control失去控制out of date过时out of order出故障 out of patience不耐烦out of place不适当,不得体out of question没问题out of r

34、each够不着 out of shape变形out of sight看不见 out of style过时,不时髦out of touch失去联系out of 8.in+名词+of结构in case of如果in celebration of 为庆祝in charge of 负责,管理in danger of有的危险in defense of保卫,为辩护in face of面对in favour of 赞成,主张 in fear of担心,害怕in front of 在前面in honour of为了纪念,对表示敬意in memory of为纪念in need of 需要 in place of

35、代替in possession of 拥有 in praise of 称赞in search of寻找,寻求in spite of 虽然,尽管in support of支持,支援in terms of就而言in view of 鉴于,考虑到in+名词+of9.in+其他词+forin+其他词+forin exchange for 作为对的交换 in preparation for 为作准备in return for 作为的报答 in reward for 作为的报酬10.in+其他词+toin+其他词+toin addition to 加之,除之外 in response to 回答,响应其他

36、词+toaccording to 根据 as to 至于,关于contrary to 违反 due to 由于 next to 紧挨着owing to 因为,由于 thanks to 多亏,由于 13.fromto结构的短语fromtofrom beginning to end从头到尾from day to day日复一日from head to foot从头到脚from morning to night从早到晚from time to time不时地from place to place到处from door to door挨家挨户地from top to bottom整个地,彻底地from

37、 generation to generation 一代一代地14.with构成的短语withwith the help of在的帮助下15.其他介词短语along with 与一道,随同一起as a result of由于 as a result结果by means of 通过的方式in the direction of 朝方向 in the form of 以方式(形式)far from 远离;远远不;远非on condition that 条件是,以为条件 on top of 在顶部 regardless of 不顾,不管 in exchange for 作为交换 to the poin

38、t 中肯,切题 2.besides,except,except for,apart from介词(短语)用法例句besides除了之外(还有),除去的部分也包括在整体之内There are three more visitors besides me.除我之外,还有三位访客。except除了之外,表示在整体中除去一部分,除去的部分不包括在整体之内You can take any of the cakes except this one.除了这块蛋糕外,你可以拿走这些蛋糕中的任何一块。except for除了之外,用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思The roads were empty except for a few cars.除了几辆小汽车之外,马路上空荡荡的。apart from具有多重意义,既可代替besides,也可代替except或except forApart from(=Except for)the kitchen,the house is very nice.这所房子除了厨房外,哪儿都好。易混辨析