高中英语定语从句考点课件.ppt

1、优秀课件，精彩无限！1考点一、考点一、关系词的选择关系词的选择考点二考点二、Prep.+whichPrep.+which/whom/whom的用法：的用法：考点三、考点三、名词名词/代词代词/数词数词+of+which/whomof+which/whom用用法法考点四、考点四、whosewhose在定语从句中的使用在定语从句中的使用考点五、考点五、先行词是时间和地点名词时关系词的先行词是时间和地点名词时关系词的确定确定考点六、考点六、as as 和和 whichwhich 的区别：的区别：考点七、考点七、定语从句的注意事项以及与其他句型定语从句的注意事项以及与其他句型的区别：的区别：优秀课件，

2、精彩无限！2考点一 关系词的选择优秀课件，精彩无限！3定语从句中只使用定语从句中只使用thatthat的情形：的情形：优秀课件，精彩无限！4 在以下几种场合只能用在以下几种场合只能用that1.先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等等不定代词不定代词 或由不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等等修饰时修饰时 All that can be done has been done.2.先行词兼有指人和指物的名词先行词兼有指人和指物的名词优秀课件，精彩无限

3、！53.先行词先行词(指物指物)被被 the very,the only,the next,the last 等修饰等修饰4.先行词先行词(指物指物)被形容词被形容词最高级和序数最高级和序数词词修饰修饰 This is the best TV that is made in China.优秀课件，精彩无限！65.当主句是当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问引导的特殊疑问句句 Who that you have ever seen can do it better?6.被修饰词为数词时。被修饰词为数词时。Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in

4、a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.优秀课件，精彩无限！77.主句是主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用从句宜用that作关系代词。作关系代词。Theres still a seat in the corner that is still free.8.关系代词在定语从句作表语时，用关系代词在定语从句作表语时，用that。He is not the person that he was ten years ago.优秀课件，精彩无限！8注：注：引导词引导词thattha

5、t在定语从句中作在定语从句中作表语表语时时,通通常省掉。常省掉。He is no longer the man(He is no longer the man(that)he was.that)he was.Shanghai is no longer the city(thatShanghai is no longer the city(that优秀课件，精彩无限！9有哪些情况关系代词有哪些情况关系代词不用不用thatthat，而用而用whichwhich，whowho，whomwhom?优秀课件，精彩无限！101 1).).在非限制性定语从句中，只能用在非限制性定语从句中，只能用whichw

6、hich指代物，用指代物，用who/whomwho/whom指人指人.2 2).).在由在由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从引导的定语从句中，只能用句中，只能用whichwhich指物，指物，whomwhom指人。指人。3 3).).先行词本身是先行词本身是thatthat时，关系词用时，关系词用whichwhich。优秀课件，精彩无限！114)当先行词是当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,he,those 等等,指人时一般指人时一般用用who,不用不用that。优秀课件，精彩无限！12 5).先行词为独先行词为独一无二的物体一无二的物体或或指

7、物的专有指物的专有名词时名词时 只用只用which The sun,which rises in the east,give us light and heat.The Bell Tower,which is the symbol of Xian,attracts millions of visitors every year.优秀课件，精彩无限！13 6).先行词指物且被指示代词或人称代先行词指物且被指示代词或人称代词修饰词修饰,只用只用which This is her dictionary,which was given by her uncle.优秀课件，精彩无限！141.Her ba

8、g,in which she put all her money,has been stolen.2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang,with whom I went to the concert,enjoyed himself very much.2、在介词后面，指事物用、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用，指人用whom.优秀课件，精彩无限！151.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am

9、 after.3.This is the first thing _ I want to say.4.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.5.He opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.thatthatthatthat,which,whose,whom or whowhichwhichFill in the blanks.优秀课件，精彩无限！166.Is there anything else _ you want to say?7.Any person

10、_ has the money can join the group.8.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.9.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatthat whomwhosethat,which,whose,whom or who优秀课件，精彩无限！17考点二、考点二、Prep.+whichPrep.+which/whom/whom的用的用法：法：优秀课件，精彩无限！181.The girl _ whom he had fought all his life n

11、o longer seemed important to him.2.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.3.He referred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.方法方法1.1.看定语看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配的搭配foronwith优秀课件，精彩无限！19方法方法2.2.看从句中的看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词动词或动词词组与先行词的搭的搭配配1.He made a hole in the wall,_ which he c

12、ould see what was going on outside the house.2.The librarian _whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.through with优秀课件，精彩无限！20方法方法3 3、根据先行词判断，所用的根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先介词与先行词行词搭配搭配1.The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.2.This is our classroom,_（在前面）（在前面）which there is a teach

13、ers desk.atin the front of优秀课件，精彩无限！21Fill in the blanks with prepositions:1.The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ w

14、hich he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithout优秀课件，精彩无限！22e.g.1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 优秀课件，精彩无限！23介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词

15、不能提前。在固定短语中介词不能提前。下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?优秀课件，精彩无限！24考点三、形容词比较等级考点三、形容词比较等级/代词代词/数词数词+of+which/whomof+which/whom 用法用法优秀课件，精彩无限！25The committee consists of 20 members,5 of whom are women.The book contains 50 poems,most of which were written in 1930s.China has thousands of islands,the largest of whi

16、ch is Taiwan.优秀课件，精彩无限！262.He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which 优秀课件，精彩无限！27whosewhose 在定语从句中的使用在定语从句中的使用优秀课件，精彩无限！28whose表示所属关系表示所属关系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whose优秀课件，精彩无限！29Whose

17、从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which opens to the south.优秀课件，精彩无限！30There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the back

18、grounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose优秀课件，精彩无限！31The teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.优秀课件，精彩无限！32The house is mine.The window of

19、the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine.The house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken优秀课件，精彩无限！33考点考点5 5、as as 和和 whichwhich 的区别：的区别：优秀课件，精彩无限！34asas引导的引导的限制性限制性定语从句定语从句此时先行词前常被此时先行词前常被such,the same,so,as 修修饰，即构成饰，即构成suchas,the same as,soas,asas结构。

20、结构。as 作为关系代词，既可以引导作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性限制性定语定语从句，又可以引导从句，又可以引导非限制性非限制性定语从句，在定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语从句中做主语、宾语或表语.优秀课件，精彩无限！35as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interestin

21、g a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)优秀课件，精彩无限！36 1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him优秀课件，精彩无限！37t h e s a m et

22、h e s a m e a sa s 与与 t h e t h e samesamethatthat引导的定语从句引导的定语从句优秀课件，精彩无限！381、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整指代整个主句个主句的内容，的内容，as 和和which 可以换用。可以换用。He left her,as/which was strange.优秀课件，精彩无限！392、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句首，句中和句尾句尾。As everyone knows,Tom is good at

23、English.3、非限制性定语非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时从句中谓语为被动时，常，常用用as 作主语。作主语。as is said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed等。等。As is known to all,Taiwan is part of China.优秀课件，精彩无限！404、as引导非限制性定语从句，有引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如正如”的的含义，因此，下列句式中多用含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:as is well known/is known to allas has been said before

24、as has been already pointed outas we all can seeas is expected/hoped/supposed,.as is often the case/as often happens as I remember众所周知众所周知如前所述如前所述正如已经指出的正如已经指出的正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/希望的希望的/料想的料想的情况常常如此情况常常如此优秀课件，精彩无限！415.当当从句和主句语义从句和主句语义一致时，用一致时，用as，反之则用反之则用which。e.g.She has married again,as

25、was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.优秀课件，精彩无限！42 3.在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词既可作系动词be的主语，也可的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而作实义动词的主语，而as 只能作系动只能作系动词词be的主语的主语。(1)The apple tree,which I planted last year,has not any fruit.(2)He married her,which/as was natural.(3)He saw the girl,whic

26、h delighted him.优秀课件，精彩无限！431.1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：试比较：He is the only one of the students who was here just now.He is one of the students who were here just now.考点七、定语从句的注意事项以及考点七、定语从句的注意事项以及与其他句型的区别：与其他句型的区别：优秀课件，精彩无限！44而而“one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数,谓语动词应用复数谓语动词应用复数“one of“one of

27、可数名词复数可数名词复数”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句而而“one ofone of可数名词复数可数名词复数”前有前有thethe，thethe just/just/only/very/rightonly/very/right修饰，定语从句中修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。的谓语动词用单数。He is He is one of the studentsone of the students who who study study very hard at school.very hard at school.He is He is the(thethe(the only/the very)o

28、ne only/the very)one of the of the students who students who studiesstudies very hard at very hard at schoolschool优秀课件，精彩无限！45v2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：定语从句与并列结构。试比较：vHe has two sons,neither of whom looks like him.vHe has two sons,and neither of them looks like him.优秀课件，精彩无限！46 3、是用、是用the one还是用还是用that,which

29、,where.1）Is this school _ you study?（2）Is this the school _ you study in?（3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A.that/which B.where C.the one D.the one where E.the one that/which 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句B/DABE优秀课件，精彩无限！474、是用、是用when,where,why还是用还是用that,which（1）M

30、ay 1 is the day _ we spent together.（2）May 1 is the day _i joined the army.A.that/which B.when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用时，用when,若作主语或宾语时，就用若作主语或宾语时，就用that/which.AB优秀课件，精彩无限！48 The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.This is the town _I spent my childhood.where/in whichwh

31、ich/thatIll never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.when/on which which/that优秀课件，精彩无限！491.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the pl

32、ace _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhich(why/for which)that/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况优秀课件，精彩无限！505.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：1)Ive come to the point where I cant s

33、tand him.2)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.在这两句中，在这两句中，where 引导的定语从句分别引导的定语从句分别修饰修饰point和和situation,表示抽象意义表示抽象意义“到了某种地到了某种地步，在某种境况中步，在某种境况中”。同类的词语还有。同类的词语还有case,position,stage，occasion。优秀课件，精彩无限！51vAll the world is in a peaceful situation(

34、形势形势),where we can trade with each other equally.vIn some cases(情况情况)where you cant get along well with each other,you had better be sensible.vI have come to the point(地步地步)where I cant stand him.优秀课件，精彩无限！52vWeddings are occasions where we should wear formal clothes.vThis is not an occasion(场合场合)fo

35、r laughter,where you must take things seriously.优秀课件，精彩无限！53vOccasions are quite rare _I have the time to spend a day with my kids.vA.who B.which C.why D.when.优秀课件，精彩无限！54填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he worked out the problem was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he adopted was simple.

36、that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填难点一难点一：the way用做先行词用做先行词3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which高考题链接：高考题链接：优秀课件，精彩无限！556、定语从句与强调结构的区别、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was the house _ he was bo

37、rn.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.which D.there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is/was that,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。BAB/C优秀课件，精彩无限！567 7、定语从句与其他从句的区别、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1 1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地

38、点有无表示地点的名词作先行词的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：，有则是定语从句，试比较：You should leave the toy where you can find.You should leave the toy where you can find.I still remember the bus stop where/at which I I still remember the bus stop where/at which I met you.met you.（2 2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词从句的连接词是否在从句

39、中作成分是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较He is such a kind person as everybody likes.He is such a kind person as everybody likes.He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.优秀课件，精彩无限！573 3）定语从句与同位语从句的

40、区别主要是看）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否连接词是否在从句中作成分在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：比较：The news that he had been back surprised us all.The news(that)he told us surprised us all.优秀课件，精彩无限！58pSoon after getting off his horse,the captain appeared at the seco

41、nd storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees.p下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。(引导定语从句)8 8、from which from which 与与 from where from where的区别的区别优秀课件，精彩无限！59pThe car stopped suddenly only a few inches from where I stood.p（引导状语从句）这里的划线部分中where引导的是宾语从句，与from一起作地点状语从句。pWhere is the book fr

42、om which you quoted this sentence?p=Where is the book which you quoted this sentence from?p你是从哪本书上引用的句子？pfrom which中的which指代句子中具体的物，而from where是从某个地方。优秀课件，精彩无限！60pBiarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blown off course(航线)and found himself in an unknown land,from where he

43、eventually reached Greenland.pChina is the birth place of kites,from where kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India优秀课件，精彩无限！61plook over there!Some people are standing under the big tree,_ you can enjoy the whole view.pA.which B.from which pC where D from wherep分析:where 代表 under the tree

44、 这个地方，如果用 which 就只能代表 the big tree,这句话的意思不是Enjoy the whole view from the big tree.而是 from under the big tree.介词后接介词短语的例子还是常见的.实际上这个句子完整的应该是You can enjoy the whole view from the place under the big tree.the place 被省略了。该句属于定语从句。优秀课件，精彩无限！62pby when和和since when优秀课件，精彩无限！63pI am going back to my hometow

45、n this summer,by when I will have enough time to buy a car.优秀课件，精彩无限！64p2.The baby is due in May,_ the new house should have been finished.pA.by then B.which pC.by when D.since whenp此题选C优秀课件，精彩无限！65pThe PRC.was founded in 1949,since when it has seen great achievements.优秀课件，精彩无限！66优秀课件，精彩无限！671.We ar

46、e trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）江西）A.why B.where C.how D./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。关系词。优秀课件，精彩无限！68plo

47、ok over there!Some people are standing under the big tree,_ you can enjoy the whole view.pA.which B.from which pC where D from wherep分析:where 代表 under the tree 这个地方，如果用 which 就只能代表 the big tree,这句话的意思不是Enjoy the whole view from the big tree.而是 from under the big tree.介词后接介词短语的例子还是常见的.实际上这个句子完整的应该是Yo

48、u can enjoy the whole view from the place under the big tree.the place 被省略了。该句属于定语从句。优秀课件，精彩无限！69pThe girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.pA where B who C which D whatp答案：A考点：考察定语从句。解析：先行词为centre,she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语,故

49、要填状语,表地点用where。优秀课件，精彩无限！70pThats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.A.that B.which C.whose D.Whatp答案：C考点：本题考查定语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。vCan you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _I go.Its only 15.A.as B.

50、which C.where D.thatv答案：答案：C.解析：句中解析：句中the barbers 是先行词，是先行词，从句中从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系代是不及物动词，所选关系代词在从句中作状语，所以要用词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。vAfter graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_ turned out to be a wise decisionAthat Bwhich Cwhen DWherev答案：答案：B解析：此处应为解析：此处应为which引导的非限制引导的非限制性定语从句，性