高中英语语法虚拟语气英语公开课课件.ppt

1、 英语有三种不同的语气英语有三种不同的语气:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气祈使语气和和虚拟语气虚拟语气1.陈述语气陈述语气(The indicative Mood)陈述事实陈述事实,提出看法提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!2.祈使语气祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)表请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等表请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Lets have a talk.D

2、ont jump in the queue.虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念 一、一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中从句从句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反反与与过去过去相反相反与与将来将来相反相反If+主语主语+did（be动词用动词用were)主语主语+should,would,might,coulddoIf+主语主语+had done主语主语should,woul

3、d,might,couldhave done1、If+主语主语+did2、If+主语主语+were to+do3、If+主语主语+should+do主语主语should,would might,coulddoeg:If I had time,I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就会如果我是你，我就会更更努力学习努力学习如果我知道他的电话号码如果我知道他的电话号码的话的话，我就给

4、他打电话了，我就给他打电话了如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛If I were you,I would study harder.If I had known his telephone number,I would have called him.If it should were to rain,we would call off/cancel the match.More practice:What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I wouldIf I had a lot

5、of money now,I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1:F

6、ill in the blanks.c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for the teachers help.were notcould bewerewould askIf he _(drive)more carefully,he _(have)the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I _ (learn)how to swim,I _ (be)

7、trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been a.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If you _ (get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould have passedhad got/gottenwould have caughtPRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks.c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the co

8、ncert together.had metwould have goneIf he got up early,he would be on time.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come,what should we say to him.假如他看见我,就会认识我。If he should see me,he would know me.a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too la

9、te tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanksc.If Robots _(control)the world some day,here _(be)no friendship.were to controlwould be真实条件句时态关系 条件状从 主句 一般现在时 shall/will+V原If he comes,he will bring his violin.a.虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。b.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实

10、现的,采用陈述语气。The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained答案B 真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。ATTENTION：1)在真实条件句中在真实条件句中,主句不用主句不用be going to表将来表将来,而用而用shall/will.(wrong)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.(correct)If you leave now,you will never regret it.2)表示

11、表示真理真理时时,主句主句谓语动词不用谓语动词不用shall(will)+V原原,而直接而直接用一般现用一般现在时。在时。使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状从当条件状从的动作的动作和主句的和主句的动作动作所发生的时间不所发生的时间不一致时，一致时，叫做叫做：错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整整If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.If you had studied hard before,you would be

12、 a college student now.如果如果你听我你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了了If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.2.if从句中，省略从句中，省略if，将，将were，had，should提前，位提前，位于句首，形成倒装结构。于句首，形成倒装结构。not不能放在前面。不能放在前面。If I were at school again,I would study harder.Wer

13、e I at school again,I would study harder.If I had not seen him then,I wouldnt have been very happy.Had I not seen him then,I wouldnt have been very happy.If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.3 3、含蓄虚拟语气、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它有时为了表达的

14、需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句。手段来代替条件句。常用常用介词介词withwith，withoutwithout，but forbut for（要不是）；（要不是）；连词连词oror，butbut；副词副词otherwiseotherwise或或in that case(in that case(如如果是那样的话果是那样的话)。1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting,but I was busy then.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I

15、would have taken part in the sports meeting.2.Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt getB.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt getD.had driven;wouldnt have got_ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off

16、 the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will If you _ with George earlier,you _ so angry now.A.talked;would not beB.had talked;would not beC.would talk;would not beD.had talked;would not have beenIf we had taken such effective measures much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.A.i

17、s not pollutedB.would not be pollutedC.had not been pollutedD.would not have been pollutedWithout electricity,human being life _ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would beBut for his help,I _.A.should not have succeededB.have not succeededC.did not succeedD.had not succeededHe he

18、sitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.would scoreD.would have scored Why didnt you buy it?I _ but I didnt have the money.A.would B.would have C.had had D.had bought二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句）用于宾语从句、wish后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种一般用虚

19、拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望不可能实现的愿望。其谓其谓语动词形式为：语动词形式为：表现在表现在did/were表过去表过去had done表将来表将来would,might,coulddoI wish(that)I were a bird.I wish(that)I had seen the film last night.I wish(that)I wouldcould/might go.I wish(that)he_(visit)us tomorrow.I wish(that)he_(visit)us today.I wish he_(visit)us yesterday.would/

20、could/might visitvisitedhad visited2.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,(一坚持一坚持)order,command,(二命令二命令)suggest,advise,propose,(三建议三建议)require,request,demand,desire(四要求四要求).We suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.注意：注意：sugges

21、t 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“时，时，insist 表表示示”坚持认为坚持认为“时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱那个人坚持说他没有偷钱注意：注意：suggest:表明，暗示表明，暗示 陈述语气陈述语气 建议建议 虚拟语气虚拟语气Her pale face

22、suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send)to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为坚持说，坚持认为 陈述语气陈述语气 坚持主张，坚持要求坚持主张，坚持要求 虚拟语气虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal)the money and insisted that he _(set)free.was(should)be senthadnt stolen(should)be setThe officer gave the order that nothing _ until th

23、e people arrived.A.didnt touch B.touched C.be touched D.touch 在在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request 等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“shoulddo”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句）用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.My suggestion that we(should)have a meeti

24、ng has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off.A.在句型在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that sb.should+do1.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。Its necessary that we should have a walk now.2 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。Its natural that she should do so.3 重要的是我们要

25、照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Its important that we should take good care of the patient.（3）虚拟语气在）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中B.在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that sb.(should)doIt is demanded that we should work out a plan.C.在在 It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that.Sb.(should)+do Its a pity that you(should)mi

26、ss a good chance.It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam.A.has B.should C.would D.might 1.It is(high/about)time that sb should do/did sth.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中三、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went /should go to school.2.If

27、 only（要是该有多好啊（要是该有多好啊)If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!Im getting tired;its time we _ home.A.go B.are going C.went D.should be going3.would rather+从句从句现在现在/将来将来 did过去过去 had doneI would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.as if/as

28、though（好像）（好像）+从句从句与现在相反与现在相反 did/were与过去相反与过去相反 had done与将来相反与将来相反 would/could/might+do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(区分区分even if/though)注意：若表示的确有某种可能注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气）尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its

29、going to rain.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken5.even if(even though)即使即使Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.6.当in case,lest,for fear that等引导状 语从句时

30、,从句用(should)+do。eg.Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.I shall ring you up lest you(should)forget to come.I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain.在此类情况中,in case引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气,如:eg.Take your umbrella,in case it rains.四四 情态动词情态动词+have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以-migh

31、t have done 本来可能本来可能-should/ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做-shouldnt/ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做-你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth.neednt have done 本不必做本不必做-比较：比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows.My brother did i

32、t.would have done 本来会去做本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的I didnt have enough money,otherwise I would have bought that book.Choose the best answer:1.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A.could b.can C.should D.would2.He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A

33、.be finished B.will finish C.must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy.A,might have given B.might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China.A.would be B.has been C.should be D.wasCAAA5.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A

34、.had been B.has been C.was D.has gone6.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.should do;be set D.had done;must be set7.Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been8.You _ come earlier.The bus left

35、 a moment ago.A.would B.should have C.may D.have BBcA虚拟语气高考链接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wa

36、s going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。2.If there were no subjunctive,English_much easier.(NMET)A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。虚拟语气高考链接3.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.(NMET)A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey

37、析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。虚拟语气高考链接4.I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。5.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.(NMET)A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。6.When

38、 a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _.(NMET)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。虚拟语气高考链接7._ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress.A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be析：根据

39、主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your helpIf it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missed2.If I knew you were coming,I _ you at the airport.A.had met B.met C.would meet D.would h

40、ave metExercisesAD虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had goneBAB虚拟语气6.Simon looks as though he

41、 never _ a square meal(吃得饱),though his parents feed him very well.A.get B.getting C.got D.should get7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B.were C.was D.been8.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lentCAB虚拟语气9.Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had10.I dont think it is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must go11.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenDBC