高一新人教版必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 单元知识解析与练习.docx

1、Unit4 Natural Disasters 单元知识解析与练习part 1 重点单词一、 根据汉语提示写单词。1. n.灾难；灾害2. n.早灾；久早3. vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动4. n.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没6. n.&vt.营救；救援7. vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失8. vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过9. vt.推毁；毁灭10. n.死；死亡11. vt.影响；(疚病)侵袭；深深打动12. n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)13. vt.破坏；毁坏14. in严重受损；破败不堪15. n.百分之adj.每一百

2、中16. n.砖；砖块17. n.金属18. n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊；19. n.电；电能20. vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱21. vt.埋葬；安葬22. vi&vt.呼吸23. n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力24. n.智慧；才智25. n.上下文；语境；背景26. vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦27. n.火山1028. vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等喷出29. n.补给品；供应(量)；补给vt.供应；供给30. n.合风31 n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风32 n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力【答案】1. disaster

3、2. drought3. slide 4. flood6. rescue7. damage8. survive9. destroy 10. death11. affect 12. shelter 13. ruin14. ruins15. percent 16. brick17. metal18. shock19. electricity 20. trap 21. bury22. breathe 23. effort24. wisdom25. context26. suffer27. volcano28. erupt29. supply 30. typhoon 31 hurricane32 po

4、wer二、根据汉语提示写出句中所缺单词的正确形式。1. After the earthquake, many things have been transported by car to this(灾难) area.2. Out of sympathy for the homeless children, he gave them(避难处)for the night.3. I need a detailedreport about that accident not just a(概要).4. Witnesses to（碰撞）say they saw an explosion just bef

5、ore the disaster.5. I asked someone else to repair the tap. I had the（水龙头）repaired.【答案】1. disaster2. shelter3. summary4. crash 5.tappart 2 重点短语一、请将下列短语翻译成英语。1. 火山喷发2. 似乎；好像；仿佛3. 严重受损；破败不堪4. 震惊；吃惊5. 露天；在户外6. 急救箱7. 现有(尤指帮助) 8.消除；彻底消除【答案】1. volcanic eruption 2.as if 3.in ruins 4.in shock5. in the open

6、air6. first aid kit7. on hand8. sweep away二、根据汉语提示完成英文句子。1. He stood(在户外), breathing fresh air.2. All the buildings were(变成废墟)after the flood.3. He constantly(遭受)lack of preparation.4. The old man who was injured in the flood should be given( 援助).5. Suddenly, he burst into tear,(好像)he had heard a ba

7、d news.【答案】1. in the open air 2. in ruins3. suffered from4.first aid 5.as ifpart 3 课文复述复述课文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and 1. , rose and fell. There were deep2. that appea

8、red in the well walls. Chickens and even pigs were too3.to eat, and dogs 4. to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3: 00 am on 28 July 1976, bright 5.were seen in the sky.At 3: 42 am, everything began to 6. It seemed a

9、s if the world were coming to an end. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in7. Two thirds of the peoplewho lived there were dead or8. . Thousands of children were left without parents. A number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake wa

10、s more than 400,000.9. covered the ground like red autumn10, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. Tens of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock. Even more buildings fell

11、11. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to12.how long the disaster would last.But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to 13. those who were14.and to15.the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to 16. medical care worke

12、rs built shelters for17.whose homes had been destroyed, Hundreds of thousands of people were helped, Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly,The city began to 18.itself and get up on its feet again. With strong19.from the government and the tireless efforts of th

13、e citys people, a new Tangshan was built in earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people.Great improvements in, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show wisdom to

14、 stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.【答案】1.fell lights6.shake7.ruins8.injured9.Bricks10.leaves11.down12.wonder2.cracks3.nervous4.refused5.13. dig out14.trapped15.bury16.provide 17.survivors18.revive19.support20.transportationpart 4 课文讲解（一）1. disaster n.灾难；灾害例句She was in Mexico City when

15、the disaster happened.灾难发生时她在墨西哥城。即学活用暴风雪给成千上万的人带来了灾难。The snowstormthousands of people.【答案】brought disaster to2. slide vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动例句（1） 作为及物动词He slid his glass across the table top.他将玻璃杯滑过桌面。（2） 作为不及物单词The packages slid from her arms.包裹从她胳膊上滑落下来。拓展landslide n. （山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡slide 的过去式为 slid,过去分词为

16、 slid。即学活用用 slide 的适当形式填空。1. A boatthrough the water.( slide)2. Wedown the grassy slope.( slide)【答案】1.slides 2.slid3. flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没例句（1） 作为名词Her child was washed away in the flood.她的孩子让洪水给冲走了。（2） 作为及物动词Every spring the river floods the valley.每年春天,河水都要淹没这个流域。（3） 作为不及物动词During s

17、pring rains the river floods.春雨期间河水泛滥。即学活用地震和洪水都是自然灾害。（翻译句子）【答案】An earthquake and a flood are natural disasters.4. rescue n.&vt.营救；救援例句（1） 作为名词Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.抢救人员冲向飞机坠毁的现场。（2） 作为及物动词They rescued the child.他们救出了那个小孩。即学活用根据汉语意思完成句子。她带来了经过训练的牧羊犬帮助营救。She had brought

18、 her trained sheepdog.【答案】to help in the rescue5. damage vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失例句（1） 作为名词The cattle broke into the wheat field and did much damage.牛群闯进麦田,毁了不少庄稼。（2） 作为及物动词A fire has damaged the school houses.一场大火毁坏了学校的房子。拓展damage 和 destroy 词义辨析1.在程度上, destroy 指十分彻底地破坏,而 damage 指并不彻底地破坏。2.在后果上, destroy 指不能

19、或很难修复了,而 damage 可以修复。3.在造成破坏的原因上, destroy 多指不可抵抗的外界力量,而 damage 则常指因人的过失。即学活用用 damage 或 destroy 填空。1.The floodmany houses and the people become homeless. 2.His car suffered slightin the accident.【答案】1.destroyed2.damage 6.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过例句（1） 作为及物动词She survived an earthquake.她在地震后幸存。（2） 作为

20、不及物动词We cannot survive for long without food and drink.我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久。拓展survivor n.幸存者；生还者即学活用用 survive 的适当形式填空。1. Of the six people injured in the crash, only two. ( survive)2. He was lucky enough to survive in the accident, who was the(survive).【答案】1.survived2.survivor7. shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护

21、；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）（1） 作为名词Trees are a shelter from the sun.树木可以遮挡阳光。（2） 作为及物动词He sheltered himself behind a tree.他躲在树后面。（3） 作为不及物动词We took shelter from the rain in a cave.我们在一个山洞里避雨。拓展shelter from 免受；保护shelter sb from sth 保护某人免受；躲避（风雨等） 即学活用根据括号中的汉语意思填空。You cant（庇护你弟弟免受责备） in theaccident.【答案】shelter y

22、our brother from blamepart 5 课文讲解（二）8. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛例句It looked as if there would be an exciting race. 看来要有一场激动人心的比赛。拓展as if 的用法1. 在 look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。2. 引导方式状语从句。3. as if 还可用于省略句中 如果 as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样 as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。4. as if 从句的语气及时态（1） as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说

23、话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。（2） as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：（3） 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。（4） 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。（5） 从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。即学活用What he said was heartbroken. I felt a knife were sticking into my heart.A. even if B. as if C.

24、 as D. as well【答案解析】B 句意：他说的令我心碎。我感觉好像一把刀子插入了我的心脏。even if“即使”；as if“好像”；as“作为”；as well“也”。根据句意，故选 B。9. ruin n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏（1） 作为名词The storm ruined our wheat crop.暴风雨毁坏了我们的小麦。（2） 作为及物动词The bad weather ruined our trip.恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行。拓展in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪即学活用根据所给词的适当形式填空。In fifteen terrible seconds a large

25、 city lay in. (ruin)【答案】ruins10. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊例句（1） 作为名词The little boy was speechless with shock 那小男孩惊得说不出话来。（2） 作为及物动词I was shocked at the news of her death.我听到她去世的消息十分震惊。拓展in shock 震惊；吃惊即学活用用 shock 的适当形式填空1. Your teachers views on the political situation areto me.2. All of us were

26、by what she did.【答案】1.shocking2.shocked11. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套n. 险境；陷阱例句（1） 作为及物动词He lives by trapping animals.他靠捕猎动物为生。（2） 作为名词The police set a trap to catch the thief.警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。拓展trap 和 catch 的辨析这两个词都表示“抓住”。其区别是：catch 为一般用语,多指有力地、出其不意地,或机智地抓住正在飞奔或躲藏的人或物; trap 指用陷阱或圈套去捕捉。即学活用 翻译句子。猎手们用陷阱捕捉那只熊。【

27、答案】Hunters trapped the bear.12. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸例句（1） 作为及物动词We breathe air all the time.我们不停地呼吸。（2） 作为不及物动词His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe.他的心跳得他呼吸都很困难了。拓展breathn. 气息；呼吸breathe in 吸气breathe out 呼气即学活用用 breathe 的适当形式填空。1.She（breathe）in deeply just now.2.I took a quick（breathe）and dive

28、d down again.【答案】1.breathed2.breath13. revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒例句（1） 作为及物动词He revived after a rest and some food.经过休息并吃了一点食物之后,他恢复了体力。（2） 作为不及物动词The fresh air soon revived him.新鲜空气很快使他苏醒过来。拓展revivaln. 振兴；复苏即学活用用 revive 的适当的形式填空。1. The economy begins（revive）.2. There are encouraging signs of an artist

29、ic（revive）.【答案】1. to revive2.revival14. unify vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体例句England and Scotland do not have a unified legal system.英格兰和苏格兰法制不统一。即学活用翻译句子。新领袖希望把国家统一起来。【答案】The new leader hopes to unify the country.15. wisdom n. 智慧；才智例句I doubt the wisdom of his conduct.我怀疑他的行为是否明智。即学活用我们随着年龄增长而更加明智。We grow in（明智

30、）as we grow older.【答案】wisdom16. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病，痛苦 悲伤等）；受苦例句（1） 作为及物动词She suffered multiple injuries in the car accident.她在车祸中多处受伤。（2） 作为不及物动词suffer from 因而受罚Men are born to suffer.人生来就是受苦的。拓展suffer for 受苦痛，患病即学活用翻译句子。这些天他在患重感冒。(suffer from)【答案】He is suffering from the bad cold these days.Pa

31、rt 6 单元语法 定语从句【语法感知】1. This is a book that interests a large number of people. 这是一本使许多人感兴趣的书。2. The fish which I bought this morning were not fresh. 我今天早上买的鱼不新鲜。3. The expert who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天来我们班的那位专家是加拿大人。【语法精讲】定语从句（一）一、定语从句的概念、位置及构成11. 概念：定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

32、被修饰的词叫做先行词， 引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词常有 3 个作用:连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。指代先行词。在定语从句中担当成分。2. 位置：通常放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。关系词先行词从句成分例句who人主语;宾语I know the girl who is crying.whom人宾语I met the boy with whom you talked.关系代词whose人，物定语The lady whose husband works abroad is my aunt.that人，物主语;宾语I like the pen that you gave to me.The f

33、ilm which was shown last night was a greatwhich物主语;宾语success.3. 构成：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1. 关系代词 who, whom, that这些关系代词的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或者宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语） He

34、 is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）2. 关系代词 whose用来指人或物（用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which 互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。17Please pass me the book whose（of which） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3.关系代词 which， that这些关系代词所代替的先行词是事、物的

35、名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that 在从句中作宾语）The package （which / that ）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that 在句中作宾语） 注意1. 关系代词只用 which，不用 that 的情况（1） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）The tree,

36、 that is four hundred years old, is famous here.（对）The tree, which is four hundred years old, is famous here.（2） 介词后只用 which，不用 that。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 我们依赖土地获得食物。2. 关系代词只用 that，不用 which 的情况（1） 当不定代词（anything, no

37、thing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等）作先行词时，只用that，不用 which；（2） 先行词有 the only, the very 等修饰时，只用 that；（3） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that；（4） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那个小偷最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。拓展关系

38、代词 as 的用法当 the same 与名词连用时，通常用 as 引导定语从句，例如：I had the same problem as you had last year. 我遇到了和你去年一样的问题。注意：区分 the same.as 和 the same.that 两个定语从句。前者表示与同样的,不是同一个;而后者表示同一个,就是那个。例如:This is the same book as I lost last week.这同我上周丢失的那本书一样。(不是同一本书) This is the same book that I lost last week.这就是我上周丢失的那本书。(同

39、一本书)即学活用He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been【答案解析】D 句中 the only one of the students 中的先行词是 the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。故选 D。【实战演练】1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, from east to west. Those run from north to

40、 south are called avenues.A. running; thatB. run; whoC. running; whoD. run; that2. This is the case hes had all his money stolen.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, we will enjoythe Olympic Games in 2008.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. how4. The artist wi

41、ll not paint people or animals but he will paint anything .A. that the little girl asks himB. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask himD. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one

42、 the telephone number is provided.A. whichB. in whichC. of whichD. whose【答案解析】1. A 主语与 run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those 指街道，所以不用 who 而用 that来引导定语从句。故选 A。2. B 因为在此题中 where 引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与 in which 相当。故选 B。3. A 因为先行词是 Beijing 而不是 this autumn 所以用 where 引导定语从句。故选 A.4. B 答案 B 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，另外，to 后还省略

43、了动词原形 paint。故选B。5. C 因为 of which 引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whosetelephone number。故选 C。Part 7 单元写作词句模板新闻报道常用句型1. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that 我无法完全同意这一观点的2. My argument for this view goes as follows. 我对这个问题的看法如下。3. Along with the development of, more and more随着的发展，

44、越来越多4. There is a long-running debate as to whether. 关于是否有着个长期的辩论。5. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. A和 B 完全不同。典例展示假定你是李华。近期有报道指出中国正在变成一个“一次性社会(The throw-away society)”， 即什么东西都用完即扔的社会。请你就此用英文给报社编辑写封信，内容包括：1. 自己的看法；2. 举例陈述理由；3. 提出建议。注意：1. 词数 100 左右（开头已为你写好，不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以

45、使行文连贯。Dear editor,Imwritingtoexpressmyopinion.I really hope our media can take the responsibility to convey the concern to everyone. Thank you. Yours,Li HuaOne possible version:Dear editor,Im writing to express my opinion. Im afraid that the report is a warming because everything that we use involves throwing something away. Everyone is focused on what