高一定语从句详细讲解课件.ppt

1、定语从句定语从句the attributive clauseDiscussion1.What are they wearing?2.Can you describe the team using attributives?1.the red team2.the team in red3.the team who are wearing redAttributivesAttributive clauseQuestion:Which is an attributive clause?1.The red team2.The team in red3.The team who are wearing

2、redprepositional phrase attributive clauseadjectiveIntroductionAn attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does.The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.eg.The team who are wearing redRelativesThe attributive clauses are usually introduced by r

3、elative prons like which,that,who,whom，as and whose,or relative adverbs like where,why and when.In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the:subject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbial Functionseg.The team who are wearing redsubject被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句置于先行词之

4、后，定语从句置于先行词之后，一一.定语从句概述定语从句概述在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。叫做定语从句。关系代词关系代词:关系副词关系副词:that,which,who,whom,as,whosewhen,where,why1.定义定义:2.位置位置:由关系代词或关系副词引导。由关系代词或关系副词引导。3.引导词引导词:二二.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定对先行词起限定,区分的作区分的作用用,并与先行词有着不可分并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，如果省去，剩下割的关系，如果省

5、去，剩下的部分意义就会不完整或不的部分意义就会不完整或不清楚。清楚。对先行词作进一步的说对先行词作进一步的说明和描述明和描述,如果省去如果省去,剩余剩余仍然意义完整仍然意义完整,表达清楚。表达清楚。非限制性定语从句的前非限制性定语从句的前后往往有逗号隔开。后往往有逗号隔开。My brother who lives in New York has six children.My brother,who lives in New York,has six children.（可能还有其他兄弟）（可能还有其他兄弟）（只有这一个兄弟）（只有这一个兄弟）Those who want to go plea

6、se put up your hands.Theyll fly to Kunming,where theyll stay for two or three days.注意：注意：that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。不能引导非限制性定语从句。注意：注意：先行词是定语从句的一部分，但不会出现先行词是定语从句的一部分，但不会出现 在定语从句中，常常被关系词所替代。在定语从句中，常常被关系词所替代。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用句之间，起连接作用;同时又代替先行词在同时又代替先行词在从句中充当成分。从句中充当成分。1.a.They plant

7、ed the trees.b.The trees dont need much water.They planted the trees that/which dont need much water.2.a.The story is very interesting.b.Tom read the story just now.The story that/which Tom read just now is very interesting.3.The village is no longer the one that it used to be.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语3.a.Can yo

8、u see the white house?b.Its windows face south.Can you see the white house whose windows face south?4.a.The boy is Janes brother.b.He broke the window last night.The boy who broke the window last night is Janes brother定语定语主语主语5.a.The girl is a famous actor.b.We met the girl in the gym.The girl whom

9、we met in the gym is a famous actor.6.a.This is the school.b.I taught in the school 3 years ago.This is the school where I taught 3 years ago.宾语宾语地点状语地点状语7.a.I still remember the day.b.We came to China on that day.I still remember the day when we came to China.8.a.This is the reason.b.He was late fo

10、r class for that reason.This is the reason why he was late forclass.时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语三三.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词关系代词which,that,who,whom在在定语从句中代替先行词定语从句中代替先行词,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语;whose 在从句中充当定语在从句中充当定语 1.that:在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物.作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。1)A plane is a machine that can fl

11、y.2)The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious.3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4)The girl(that)we saw yesterday is Jims sister.主语主语宾语宾语主语主语宾语宾语注意注意；当先行词指物时，当先行词指物时，that 可用可用which替代替代,当先行词指人时，当先行词指人时，that 常用常用whom替代替代 that前不可放入介词；有时可作表语。前不可放入介词；有时可作表语。2.which 指物指物,在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作

12、主语或宾语 作宾语时作宾语时which可省略可省略,但如果介词提前但如果介词提前which则不能省则不能省.1)That animal which looks like a big mouse is Lees.2)A week later Mike received the camera (which)she had ordered.3)Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?4)Is this the library from which you borrow books?3.who:指人指人,在从句中作主语在从句中作主语,不可省略不可

13、省略 whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略 （如果介词提前，（如果介词提前，whom 不可省略不可省略)The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.注意：注意：在口语中，常可用在口语中，常可用who来代替来代替whom,但介词后不能用但介词后不能用who,只能用只能用whom.The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr Li.4.whose:指从

14、属关系指从属关系,在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语,先行词可以是人，也可以是物。先行词可以是人，也可以是物。Eg.The boy whose mother teaches us Chinese is Jack.Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue?注意：注意：whose+n=the+n.+of which 或或=of which+the+n.The house whose roof was damaged hasnow been repaired.the cover of which is blueof which the roof

15、was.引导限制性定语从句时引导限制性定语从句时,既可指人既可指人,也可指物也可指物,在句中可作主语和宾语。在句中可作主语和宾语。但先行词必须有但先行词必须有such 或或the same 或用于或用于 as/soas 结构中。结构中。5.关系代词关系代词 as 用法：用法：eg.Such teachers as he knows are kind to him.I want to buy the same pen as you are using.He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.He will marry as pretty a

16、 girl as he can find.Let kids read such books as will make them wise.关系代词关系代词指代指代充当成分充当成分whichthatwhowhomwhoseas物物物物人人主语主语宾语宾语人人主语主语人人宾语宾语人人/物的所属关物的所属关系系定语定语人人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语巩固练习巩固练习用两个简单句用定语从句来改用两个简单句用定语从句来改写成一个句子。写成一个句子。1.a.On his website,we saw some photos.b.Mr.Li took these photos in Europe.On Mr.L

17、is website we saw some photos that/which he took in Europe.2.a.On the way home I saw some trees.b.Their leaves were eaten up by insects.On the way home I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects宾语宾语定语定语3.a.The man is standing over there.b.The man hit me hard just now.The man who hit me h

18、ard just now is standing over there.4.a.Where is the book?b.I bought the book 4 days ago.Where is the bookwhich/that I bought 4 days ago.主语主语宾语宾语5.a.The boy is our monitor.b.Mr Green is talking to him.The boy to whom Mr.Green is talking is our monitor.宾语宾语The boy who/whom/that Mr.Green is talking to

19、 is our monitor.6.a.Please pass me the book.b.Its cover is green.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.定语定语7.a.Many young men prefer such songs.b.Those songs are sung by their idols Many young men prefer such songs as are sung by their idols8.a.I like the pen.b.The pen was given to me as a gi

20、ft by Tom.I like the pen which/that was given to me as a gift by Tom.主语主语主语主语Practice1.The man _stands there is Tom.2.The girl _I met is Ms Li.3.The boy _watch was lost is Tom.4.The book _lies on the desk is his.5.The pen _you bought is good.6.The magazine _cover is red is nice.who/that(whom/that)wh

21、osewhich/that(which/that)whoseEx1(09湖南湖南26)I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana,a city_ name will creat a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A.which B.of which C.that D.whoseDEx2(04上海上海)American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A.who B

22、.as C.about which D.with whom DEx3.As a teacher,I seldom give my students so difficult a problem_ they can not work out.A.that B.it C.which D.asDEx4(09天津天津5)A person_ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoeverCEx5(06福建福建22)Look out!Dont get too c

23、lose to the house _ roof is under repair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.thatAEx6.(05浙江浙江2)Jim passed the driving test,_ _surprisedeverybody in the office.A.which B.that C.this D.itAEx7.(05北京北京)Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited 3 moths ago?A.where B.when C.that D.whatCEx8.His parents

24、wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.whose D.of whose CEx9.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.to that B.to whichC.to who D.to whomDII.几种特殊情况几种特殊情况1.which/that的用法区别的用法区别只能用只能用 that引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况只能用只能用which引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况2.who

25、/that的用法区别的用法区别3.which/as的用法区别的用法区别4.the way 引导的定语从句的考查引导的定语从句的考查1.which,that 的用法比较的用法比较 which,that 都可用来指物，一般都可用来指物，一般情况下可互换，情况下可互换，但在下列情况下有不同要求：但在下列情况下有不同要求：1).在下列情况中在下列情况中,只能用只能用 that,不用不用 which：当先行词是当先行词是 all,a lot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing 等不定代词时等不定代词时Eg.All t

26、hat we have to do is to practice it every day.当先行词被当先行词被 all,any,no,much,little,few,some,every 等限定词所修饰时。如：等限定词所修饰时。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou,the first that c

27、omes to mind is the West Lake.当先行词被当先行词被 the very,the only,the last等所修饰时。如：等所修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to find.That is the last thing that Ill do.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时，如：级所修饰时，如：Is that the best that you can do?Thats the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in

28、.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.当主语是以当主语是以 which或或who 开头的特殊疑问开头的特殊疑问句时句时,用用that避免重复。如：避免重复。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?Who is the man that is

29、 sitting there?或充当从句的表语时或充当从句的表语时Eg.Theyre no longer the men that they used to be.2)只用只用which作关系代词的场合作关系代词的场合：关系词前有介词，只用关系词前有介词，只用which。Eg.This is the topic about which we have talked a lot.引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，which可代表先可代表先行词或前句，译成行词或前句，译成 这一点，这件事这一点，这件事。Eg.Tom came,which made us happy.当先行词是当先行词是t

30、hat,those 时时,引导词用引导词用which。Eg.What is that which was put in the car?Ex1(05浙江卷浙江卷).Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.Awhich Bthat Cthis Dit Ex2(04北京春季北京春季)Luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A.it B.that C.this D.which A AD D在下列情况中在下列情况中,只能

31、用只能用 who,不用不用 that：2.who,that 指代人时指代人时 的用法比较的用法比较当先行词是当先行词是one,ones,anyone,he,those时时Those who dare to break the law will be punished.Anyone who does that must be mad.用于用于there be 结构中结构中There is a man who wants to see you.who 可引导非限制性定语从句。可引导非限制性定语从句。He,who led the country,was shot on April 14.Practi

32、ce1.This is the best film _Ive seen.2.That is the last lesson _I gave you.3.This is the very book _Im after.4.That is just the coat _color is red.5.That is the right place _he works.6.I still remember the schools and boys _I met there.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)7.Everything _you said is true.

33、8.Which is the book _you want?9.Who is the girl _sits there.10.All _he said is true.11.All _is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _trouble you?(that)(that)that(that)that that巩固练习：用关系代词填空巩固练习：用关系代词填空1.His parents wouldnt let him play with anyone_ scores were poor.2.There is only one dish o

34、n the table _ I want to eat.whosethat3.Such opinions_he holds sound very strange to ordinary people.4.She heard a big noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.aswhich5.She talked of some men and works _ interested her very much.that6.Who is the man _ has white hair?that7.Those _ learn not only from

35、books but also through practice will succeed.who8.This is the biggest map_ I have ever read.that9.We are facing the same problem_ we did years ago.as10.In this factory I saw much _was different from ours.that11.The first lesson _I learned will never be forgotten.that12.I have read all the books _you

36、 gave me.that13.Which of us _knows something about physics?that14.He _doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.who3.the way 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1)I dont like the way.2)You treat your mother in this way.I dont like the way that you treat your mother.in which/不填不填3)This is the way.4)The girl can think

37、of the way.This is the way(that/which)the girl can think of.Ex1.(04湖北湖北29)What surprised me was not what he said but _he said it.A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way whichEx2.This is not the way _ is helpful in this matter.A./B.which C.in which D.whatABthe way 后的定语从句用后的定语从句用 in which或或

38、that还是用还是用that/which 主要看其在从句中充当主主要看其在从句中充当主语或宾语还是方式状语。语或宾语还是方式状语。4.注意注意 the same that/the same as的的 区别区别当先行词被 the same 所修饰时,关系词既可以用 as,也可以用 that.在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。This is the same pen that I used yesterday 这就是我昨天用过的那支钢笔。这就是我昨天用过的那支钢笔。This is the same pen as I used ye

39、sterday.这支钢笔跟我昨天用过的那支钢笔一样。这支钢笔跟我昨天用过的那支钢笔一样。This is the same watch as I lost.This is the same watch that I lost.the same that ：the same as：强调同一性强调同一性强调相似性强调相似性5.注意注意suchas定语从句与定语从句与suchthat 结果状语从句的区别结果状语从句的区别 This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.This book is written

40、in such easy English that beginners can understand it.定语从句定语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句such/soas:as要在从句中充当主语或宾语要在从句中充当主语或宾语such/so that:that不在从句中充当成分不在从句中充当成分He is so clever a boy that we all like him.He is so clever a boy as we all like.结果状语从句结果状语从句定语从句定语从句He is such a clever boy that we all like him.He is such

41、 a clever boy as we all like.结果状语从句结果状语从句定语从句定语从句Ex1.He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with _.A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;himC CEx2.Mrs Black took the police back to _ place_ she witnessed the robbery.A.the same;as B.the same;whereC.the same;that D.as the same;asB B6.as 与与which 引导非限制性定从

42、的区别引导非限制性定从的区别 不同点：不同点：(1)as:引导的非限制定语从句可放在主句引导的非限制定语从句可放在主句 之前之前,主句句后或主句之间。主句句后或主句之间。which：引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主：引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主 句之后。句之后。相同点相同点：两者都可引导非限制性定语从句：两者都可引导非限制性定语从句,代表前面主句整个句子或部分内容。代表前面主句整个句子或部分内容。China is a great socialist country,as we all know.As is known to all,Robert is good at maths.Einstei

43、n,as we all know,is a famous scientist.He sold his bike,which surprised me a lot.(2)as:引导的从句往往起连接上下文的作引导的从句往往起连接上下文的作 用用,表达说话人的观点，看法；并指出表达说话人的观点，看法；并指出 主句内容的根据或出处。主句内容的根据或出处。正如正如 which:引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列 句句,可用可用and this 代替代替,译作译作 这件这件事事。Eg.He is very careful,as his work shows.He passed

44、 the exam,which surprised us.(3)as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的 被动态被动态,且且as后面的谓语动词多是后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等等;如果从句中行为动词是主动态如果从句中行为动词是主动态,一般用一般用which。Eg.She has been absent again,as is expected.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.(4)当非限制性定语从句为否定时当非限制性定语从句为否定时,常用常用w

45、hich.Eg.Mr Smith usually praises his student Rose in public,which she doesnt like at all.She treats me like a baby,which I cant bear.as 常用于以下固定结构中：常用于以下固定结构中：as we all know=as is known to allas everybody knows as we all can seeas often happens as has been pointed outas might be imagined/expected as

46、has been said above/beforeas is often the case,the sameassuchasEx1.(06江苏江苏29）The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvement and employ more people to keep it running,_meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A.who B.that C.as D.whichD DEx2.(04江苏江苏33）_ is often the case,we have worked

47、out the production plan.A.Which B.As C.When D.What B BEx3(01全国全国)._ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.whatB BEx4(05浙江浙江)._ I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.A.When B.After C.As D.WhichC C四四.关系副词引导的定语

48、从句关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词关系副词when,where,why在定语在定语 从句中代替先行词从句中代替先行词,作状语作状语,不可省略不可省略.有时根据不同情况可用有时根据不同情况可用 适当介词适当介词+which 代替。代替。关系副词关系副词指代物指代物充当成分充当成分whenwhen (=(=at/in/on at/in/on whichwhich)where where(=in/at(=in/at which which)whywhy(=for which)(=for which)时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语原因原因:reasonreason原

49、因状语原因状语1.当先行词具有当先行词具有“时间意义时间意义”的名词的名词(如如time,day,spring,week,year 等等),则可考则可考虑虑 when 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。when 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语。时间状语。但前提是：定语从句中不缺少主语，宾语。但前提是：定语从句中不缺少主语，宾语。Tell me the time when the train leaves.=at whichI still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.=on which July,when we can go home fo

50、r a rest,is coming soon.=in which1)Well never forget the happy days _ we worked on the farm.2)Ill never forget the happy days _ I spent with your family.3)Jim is going to Beijing in October,_ is the best season there.whenwhich/thatwhich4)Do you still remember the day _we spent together?5)Do you stil