2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析.docx

1、2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none

2、the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nations great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standar

3、ds Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures.This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such

4、 alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to be carcinogenic but have no hard scientific proof. 12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is

5、13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 , it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 .Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth livin

6、g? 17 , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their 19 risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. A InB TowardsC OnD Till2. A matchB expressC satisfyD influence3. A

7、 patienceB enjoymentC surpriseD concern4. A intensifiedB privilegedC compelledD guaranteed5. A issuedB receivedC ignoredD canceled6. A underB atC forD by7. A forgetB regretC finishD avoid8. A partiallyB regularlyC easilyD initially9. A UnlessB SinceC IfD While10. A secondaryB externalC inconclusiveD

8、 negative11. A insufficientB boundC likelyD slow12. A On the basis ofB At the cost ofC In addition toD In contrast to13. A interestingB advisableC urgentD fortunate14. A As usualB In particularC By definitionD After all15. A resemblanceB combinationC connectionD pattern16. A madeB servedC savedD use

9、d17. A To be fairB For instanceC To be briefD in general18. A reluctantlyB entirelyC graduallyD carefully19. A promiseB experienceC campaignD competition20. A follow upB pick upC open upD end up解析：今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。需要对文章内容有全面和精准的把握才能做好。主要内容讲的是虽然烤肉之类的食品是会对健康带来危害，我们对这些健康方面的危言耸听也不可过度

10、恐慌。属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。1. 【答案】COn【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。On a cold winters day 意思是在一个寒冷冬日。介词 on 后加具体的某一天；in 后加一段时间，例如 in winter，in 2002；toward 表方向，不与时间搭配；till 意思是直到，例如 till tomorrow，till next week，与句意不符。故正确答案为 on。2. 【答案】A match【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。文章的首段首句提到：即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭，但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一：星

11、期日烤肉。On a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. 在一个寒冷的冬日，很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。match 匹配。express 表达。satisfy 满足，满意；确信；符合。influence 影响。3. 【答案】Benjoyment【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。后文Yet 进行语义转折：然而正如现在报道的那样，食品卫生部门认为这种3会导致另一种有罪的快乐4损害我们的健康。enjoyment 乐趣与上文 pleasures 和下文 another pleasures 互为关联信息。pat

12、ience 耐心，耐性。surprise 惊喜。concern 关心。4. 【答案】Dguaranteed【解析】 此处考察非谓语动词做后置定语的用法。空格所在句指出：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐4 损害我们的健康。 guaranteed 有保证的，一定的，填入空格处意为：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐，肯定会损害我们的健康。 intensified 增强，加剧； privileged 享有特权，专用，特许；compelled 强迫。5. 【答案】A issued【解析】此处考察词义辨析。The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public wa

13、rning.食品标准管理局 一项公开的警告. issued 发表，发布，发出；received 接收，接到； ignored 忽视，忽略；canceled 取消。issued a public warning 发出一项公开的警告符合文意。6. 【答案】B at【解析】此处考察介词辨析。in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. under 在.下面；for 为了；因为； 对于； by 在旁边; 通过; 由于; 经过。7. 【答案】D avoid【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。7 空句首 this mean 代词 this 指代上文高温炙烤的食物里会有化学

14、复合物有害人体身体健康。所以下文提出建议人们应该 7 炸土豆，不吃薄皮披萨并且.7 空同时也与 reject 构成语义并列的关系，故 avoid 正确。forget 忘记；regret 后悔；finish 完成。8. 【答案】A partially【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。.and only 8 toast their bread. 8 空前文说到建议人们不吃炸土豆，薄皮披萨或者只是 8 烤面包。partially 部分地，偶尔地；regularly 有规律地； easily 容易地； initially 最初地。故 A 选项正确。9. 【答案】D While【解析】此处考察上下文

15、逻辑关系+逻辑连接词辨析。 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans. 9 研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但是没有 10 证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。前后句为转折/对比/让步的逻辑关系，故选择 while 表示虽然，尽管。Unless 除非，表条件的逻辑关系；Since 因为，表因果逻辑；If 如果，表条件的逻辑关系。10. 【答案】C conclusive【解析】此处

16、考察词义辨析+上下文语境。9研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但是没有10证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。conclusive 决定性的; 令人信服的; 确凿的secondary 第二的，中等的;间接的;external 外面的，外部的; 表面上的; 外用的; 外国的; negative 消极的， 否认的。11. 【答案】C likely【解析】此处考察固定搭配。be likely to 可能。insufficient 不足的，不够的；bound 捆绑的，束缚的，有义务的；slow 缓慢的。12. 【答案】A On the basis of【解析】此处考察短语辨析+上下文逻辑。 12 the p

17、recautionary principle, it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice.12预防性原则，可以说遵循 FSA 的建议是 13。On the basis of 以.为基础，根据，按照；At the cost of 以.为代价；In addition to 除.之外； In contrast to 与之相对，相反。13. 【答案】Badvisable【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。 根据预防性原则，可以说遵循 FSA 的建议是 13。interesting 有趣的； advisable 明智的，可取的； ur

18、gent 急迫的； fortunate 侥幸的，幸运的。14. 【答案】DAfter all【解析】考察逻辑关系。原文中上一句说“基于“预防原则”，可以认为最好遵循 FSA 的建议”。本句说“在有证据证明吸烟与癌症之间的联系之前，吸烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。结合选项分析，As usual 像往常一样，In particular 尤其，特别，By definition 根据定义，After all 毕竟，只有 After all 符合文意。15. 【答案】Cconnection【解析】本题考察动宾搭配，结合语境和句子成分理解，这里的名词放在 prove“证明”后面，整体处在不定式中做主语

19、补足语说明主语 evidence，这里“证据”应该是证明出来（吸烟和肺癌）有联系的，故选择connection。Resemblance 相似，combination 结合，pattern 模式，均不符合。16. 【答案】Bserved【解析】本题考察主谓搭配，此处为被动语态，和主语a piece of boiled beef 构成实际上的“动宾关系”，句意“毫无疑问，一片煮熟的牛肉总能在周日和一些蒸蔬菜一起 16 ”。这里 served up 表示“上菜，端上” 正和文意。而其他选项 made 制作，saved 节省，used 使用，均不符合。17. 【答案】A To be fair【解析】本

20、题考察主谓搭配，上一句说“但是生命值得过下去吗？”本句话说，“英 FSA 表示，它并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品”，可见后文并没有对上文进行举例（for instance）或总结（To be brief）或表示经常发生的事情（in general），故，应该选择顺承关系的 To be fair。18. 【答案】Bentirely【解析】此处考察副词的修饰关系。本句话句意为“英 FSA 表示，它并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品 18 ”。结合各选项分析：reluctantly 不情愿地，entirely 完全地，gradually 逐渐地，carefully 小心谨慎地，能跟前面的否定词 not 呼应使用

21、表示一种部分否定的，只能是entirely 才合适，not .entirely 表示“并未完全”。19. 【答案】Ccampaign【解析】本题考察主谓搭配。根据原文语境“然而，他们（FSA）的.有风险给人一种劝诱式保姆的感觉” ， 答案 campaign 表示（“ 开展的）运动，活动”放在这里最合适。promise 承诺，experience 经历或经验，competition竞争，均不能体现本文中 FSA 所做行为的代称。20. 【答案】Dend up【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“持续不断的健康威胁 20 却没有人在听。”这里想强调太多的的对健康的恐慌的最终结果，只有“结束，以.告终

22、”这个含义最符合，所以选择 end up， 而 follow up 跟踪， 坚持完成，pick up 捡起，拾起，偶然学到，open up 打开，开发，均不符合文义。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A group of labour MPs

23、, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK town of culture award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue tha

24、t the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of cult

25、ure award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to ap ply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgo

26、w in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disap pearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit w orld: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? H

27、amlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run year of culturewashes in a nd out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the co mmunity. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a

28、great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirationsof the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic l ight.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degr

29、ee of vision, as well as cooperation between c ity authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasg ows year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art

30、, music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring a towns peculiarities-helpi ng sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Copper and her colleague argue that a

31、town of culture award would .A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brains townsC. increase the economic strength of Brains townsD. focus Brains limited resources on cultural events.22. According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as .A.a sensibl

32、e compromiseB.a self-deceiving attempt C.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24.

33、 “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A. Skeptical B. Objective C. Favorable D. Critical21 C increase the economic strength of Britains towns这道题是细节题。题干

34、问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样可以定位在第一段第三句：“Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,” “赫尔之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它为赫尔带来了 2.2 亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。英国的城镇，确实没有被阻止申请，但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。有人认为，“文化之城”奖可以成为一项年度活动，吸引资金并创造就业机会。所以能看出答案是C. 增强英国城镇的经济实力。22 B a self-deceiving attempt该题是推断题, 题干问:根据第

35、二段，这一提议或许会被一些人认为是 .。 可以定位在第二段第一句“Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that”“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一个嘘声，因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了” 能看出来有些人是持反面态度的。很多人不认识 boo，但是也能从后面的 on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,在绝望地为英国

36、退欧后的世界重塑形象之际，英国即将消失在一场无休止的自我庆祝热潮之中. 接下来几个反问句，能看出来是一种自我欺骗的尝试，所以选择B。23 D commits to its long-term growth该题也是细节题, 题干问:作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要它可以定位到第三段第三句，这些头衔真正成功的持有者，是那些除了为酒店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之外， 还做了很多事情的人。它们转变了当地居民的愿望;他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。所以能看出只要他把致力于乡村的长期发展中，这个头衔就会是成功的。24 A. a contrasting case这题是

37、写作目的题， 题干说：第 3 段提到格拉斯哥是为了展现什么。可以定位到第三段倒数第一句。可以看到前面有明显的 BUT， 知道和前面的意思成相反。“这个问题很难解决，需要高度的远见卓识，也需要城市当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。但这是可以做到的:格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的一年，可以被看作是一系列复杂的因素之一，这些因素把这座城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧的力量， 直到今天。”25 D favourable这题是作者态度题，问作者对于这个建议的态度。第一段是提出该建议。第二段是一些人认为这个建议有点吹嘘。而只有最后一段能看出作者对此建议的态度，“一个“文化之城”不仅仅是艺术之城，而且要尊

38、重一个城市的特色帮助维持它的商业街，支持当地的设施，最重要的是赞美它的人民，并将其转化为行动。”所以能看出是积极赞成的态度。Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of pee

39、r review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive.

40、Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than 90

41、0m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emerge

42、nce of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem

43、 has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under

44、open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand t

45、hat they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around 500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of thesearticle preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate a

46、bove inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientifi

47、c publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partly because A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .B its marketing strategy has been successful.C its payment for peer review is reduced.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have A thrived mainly on university libraries.B gone through an existential crisis.C revived the publishing industry.D financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A Relieved.B Puzzled.C ConcernedD E