高一定语从句语法归纳及练习(DOC 5页).doc

1、高一定语从句 语法归纳及练习（一）一、语法知识归纳一、基本概念（一） 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二） 先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法

2、根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whos

3、e topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is su

4、ch a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） The plan that/which they argued

5、 about was settled at last. （作宾语） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用 that。 先行词是

6、最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如： This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit. It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen. 先行词是 a

7、ll, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。例如： The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. The little money

8、(that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.先行词是those时。例如： Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magi

9、c cloth.（四）其它情况 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（五）与whose有关的问题

10、 whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。例如： The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The buil

11、ding, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语）Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that

12、或who。 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。例如： 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These ar

13、e the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如： Who is the guy that is reading over there? The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. All that needs to be done has been done. He is one of the stude

14、nts who use computer a lot for study. Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例中的all意为“一切”，作单数。例中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, so

15、me, few等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the best film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He

16、 is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person

17、 to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 5高一定语从句专项练习(1)1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is

18、the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The fa

19、ctory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that h

20、as been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of

21、 _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D. with whom 13.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B.all

22、what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A.

23、I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sist

24、er, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose

25、 title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A.for which B.for that C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked

26、 together and the day _ we spent together. A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many

27、 years, is still working perfectly. A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the f

28、inal exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A.as

29、was B. which was C.as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half do

30、ne. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what

31、C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A.when; who B.that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A.owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44.

32、 During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through whi

33、ch; what C.through that; what D. what; that47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been