某大学化学课件.ppt

1、http:/www.cchem.berkeley.edu/pdygrp/chem104a.htmlChemistry 104AInorganic Chemistry An introduction to inorganic chemistry Topics covered will include:atomic structures,periodic trends,symmetry and group theory,inorganic solids,molecular orbital theory,molecular structure,acid-base chemistry,band the

2、ory,and descriptive chemistry of the main group elements.Completion of a general chemistry sequence(chemistry 1B,3A or 4B)is prerequisite.Chemistry 104AInorganic ChemistryMiessler,G.L.,Tarr,D.A.Inorganic Chemistry,3rd edition,Prentice Hall,Inc.,New Jersey,1999DeKock and Gray,Chemical Structure and B

3、onding,2nd Ed.,University Science Books,1989Vincent,Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory,Wiley,2001.Chemistry 104AInorganic ChemistryCotton,Wilkinson,and Gaus,Basic Inorganic Chemistry,Wiley,1995Cotton,Chemical Applications of Group Theory,Wiley,1990Douglas,McDaniel,and Alexander,Concepts and Models

4、of Inorganic Chemistry,Wiley,1994Huheey,Keiter,and Keiter,Inorganic Chemistry,4th Ed.HaperCollins,1993Shriver,Atkins,and Langford,Inorganic Chemistry,W.H.Freeman,1990Porterfield,Inorganic Chemistry,Academic Press,1993Cotton and Wilkinson,Advanced Inorganic Chemistry,5th Ed.,Wiley,1998Greenwood and E

5、arnshaw,Chemistry of the Elements,Butterworth Heineman,1997Atomic StructurePeriodic TrendsSymmetry and Group TheoryIonic SolidsMolecular Orbital TheoryBand TheoryAcid Base ChemistryMain Group ChemistryGrading:Problem sets(6)10%Exam 1 25%Exam 225%Final40%Instructor:Professor Peidong YangB68 Hild.Tel:

6、643-1545E-Mail:p_yanguclink.berkeley.eduOffice Hours:Fridays 1:30 3:30 pm TA:Andrea Tao(ataouclink.berkeley.edu),Wednesday.4-6 pmLori Greene(legreeneuclink.berkeley.edu),Monday.1-3 pmWhat is inorganic chemistry?Required course for a BS degree in chemistry.Organic Chemistry:the chemistry of lifethe c

7、hemistry of hydrocarbon compoundsC,H,N,OInorganic Chemistry:Non-living chemistryChemistry of“everything else”Chemistry of the entire periodic tableTaxolThe natural source,the Pacific yew tree,is an environmentally protected species,which is also one of the slowest growing trees in the world.Isolatio

8、n of the compound,which is contained in the bark,involves killing the tree,and the quantities available by this method are pitifully small.It would take six 100-year old trees to provide enough taxol to treat just one patient.Taxol:the drug that now has the generic name paclitaxel,and the registered

9、 tradename Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company)Carbon:4 bondsHydrogen:1 bondNitrogen:3 bondsOxygen:2 bondsConstant“atomicity”(valence)August Kekule(1829-1896,German)Organic molecules:successfulInorganic molecules:?Organic CompoundsInorganic CompoundsSingle Bond Double Bond Triple Bond Quadruple bond

10、 Coordination No.ConstantDiverseGeometryFixedDiverseRe2Cl82-Quadruple BondOil Refining:Catalysts for converting crude oil to gasolineOne way to smelt iron is in a blast furnace made from coal and limestone(CaCO3).Huge quantities of air blast in at the bottom of the furnace.The calcium in the limesto

11、ne combines with the silicates to form slag.At the bottom of the blast furnace,liquid iron collects along with a layer of slag on top.Periodically,you let the liquid iron flow out and cool.Nanoscience&NanotechnologyNeed catalysts!HemoglobinCommon applications of inorganic chemistryCatalysts:aluminum

12、 oxides,zeolites,transition metalsSemiconductors:Si,Ge,GaAs,InPPolymers:silicones,(SiR2)n,polyphosphazenesSuperconductors:NbN,YBa2Cu3O7-x,Bi2Sr2CaCu2OzMagnetic Materials:Fe,SmCo5,Nd2Fe14BLubricants:graphite,MoS2Nanostructured materials:nanoclusters,nanowires and nanotubeFertilizers:NH4NO3,(NH4)2SO4P

13、aints:TiO2,PbCrO4Disinfectants/oxidants:Cl2,Br2,I2,MnO4-Water treatment:Ca(OH)2,Al2(SO4)3Industrial processes:H2SO4,NaOH,CO2Organic synthesis:reaction catalystsBiology:Vitamin B12,hemoglobin,Fe-S proteinPredicting IR spectra,chemical analysisReading:MT 1,2;DG 1Electrostatic Fe=Outward Fo222rervmerer

14、ererevmEe2)(21)(2122222E 0What would be lowest energy state?R 0Energy Quantized(Planck Equation)E=hAngular Momentum of electron is quantized.mev.r =nh/2Come to the rescue.sJh.1062.634rmnhve2Velocity of the electron quantizedrmnhve2222rervme0222224anemhnrenr1=Bohr radius=a0=0.529 AorerererevmEe2)(21)

15、(212222222242222nkhnemreEennk=13.606 eV112210824,97492,82259109679/1)11(cmvLymancmRwavenumbermnRvHHHfrom level m to level nBohr Model can NOT explain Zeeman effect.Dual Nature of MatterReading:MT 2,DG 11924,French physicist Louis de Broglie:All matter possesses wave propertiesphmvhBaseball:200gSpeed

16、:3000 cm/sec(67 miles/hour)cm3210Electron:Same velocity g2710m20Experimental evidence:electron diffractionIt is impossible to know simultaneously both the momentum and the position of a particle with certainty.4)(hxpxsJh341062.6Baseball:200gSpeed:3000cm/sec(67 miles/hour)Electron:Same velocity g2710Accuracy:one part per trillioncmxcmgpcmgp21171510sec106sec106cmxcmgpcmgp913612410sec103sec103Electron motion:wavefunction Schrodinger wave equation(1926):nergypotrntialeVytotalenergEsPlanckhmassmscoordinatezyxioneigenfunctonwavefunctiEVzyxmh:,/:)(822222222HEH:Hamiltonian operator