定语从句难点考点总结高一课件.ppt

1、The attributive clause这是我的杯子这是我的杯子这是一个装满茶的杯子。这是一个装满茶的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。Tips:当你用一个当你用一个词词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用就用短语短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用如果短语还不能满足，就用从句从句。This is my cup.This is a cup full of/filled with tea.This is the cup which I drink tea with.修饰修饰某一某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从句从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰

2、的先行词之后定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后被被定语从句定语从句修饰修饰的的词词叫先行词叫先行词引导引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句的三个概念定语从句的三个概念 引导引导定语从句定语从句 代替代替先行词先行词 在定语在定语从句中从句中担当一个成分担当一个成分The man who is shaking handswith my father is a policeman.Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine which/that you asked for.关系词的三个功能关系词的三

3、个功能Step 1 判定判定主从句主从句部分部分Step 2 判定判定先行词先行词Step 3 把从句把从句_，看先行词看先行词在从句中充当何成分在从句中充当何成分。选择关系词的三个步骤选择关系词的三个步骤还原还原1.The number of people _come to visit this city each year reaches one million.2.Where is the man _ I saw this morning?3.The book _ you introduced to me this morning is very interesting.5.Do you

4、 want to borrow the book _cover is blue?come to visit this city each year I saw thisyou introduced to me this morning who/that who/whom/that which/that/略略 whose4.I visited a scientist_ name is known all over the country.name is knownall over the country.whosecoveris bluemorning()思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？思考

5、一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived

6、.引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _,_,即把先行词还原即把先行词还原 到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。whythat/whichthat/whichwhenthat/whichwhere结结论：论：他们在从句中作什么成份他们在从句中作什么成份()()()关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词人人/物物物物人人人人关系关系副词副词thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy人人/物物宾宾定定时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点原因原因地点状语地点状语原因

7、状语原因状语主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾(1)The school _ he once studied in is very famous.The school _ he once studied is very famous.(2)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked.(3)Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked about.Well go to

8、 hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.that/which略略in whichthat/which/略略 for whichwhom/that/who/略略 about whom介词介词+关系代词关系代词1.1.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _which Im not sure.根据从句中动词或形容词的根据从句中动词或形容词的_1949 was the year _which the P.R.C.was founded.根据根据先行词与介词先行词与介词的搭配习惯的搭配习惯2.I

9、s that the newspaper _which you often write articles?根据从句中根据从句中动词与先行词动词与先行词的的逻辑关系逻辑关系foraboutinthe newspaperthe yearidioms思考二：介词思考二：介词+关系代词中关系代词中,介词如何选择介词如何选择?习惯搭配习惯搭配 /forwithoutbyatof=whose window=the window of whichboth of whomsome of which启示：启示：若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用用_不可用不可用wh

10、o,that；关系代词指物时；关系代词指物时只可用只可用_,不可用不可用that;关系代词是所有格关系代词是所有格时用时用_。whom which whose/the+先行词先行词 of which/of which the+先行词先行词1.Once more I am in Boston,_ which I have not been for ten years.2.He mentioned a book,_ which the title I cant remember.He mentioned a book,_ title I cant remember.3.The clever boy

11、 made a hole in the wall _ which he could see what was happening inside.4.I have many friends,_ whom some are businessmen.5.The two things _ which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.to of whose through of of6.This is the desk _ which there are a lot of books.7.The gas _ which we ca

12、nt live is called oxygen.8.A strange girl entered the room and related to me a story of her own,_ which I suspect the truth.9.Unfortunately,many young people nowadays end up in jobs _ which they are not suited.on without of to思考三：思考三：as/which有何特殊性有何特殊性?1.This is the same pen as I bought yesterday。2.

13、He is the same person that gave me help yesterday.3.I want to have such a dictionary as he has.4.This was so interesting a book as I cant put down.(This was so interesting a book that_ _)先行词被先行词被 _修饰了的时候用修饰了的时候用as但但 the sameas(相似性相似性)the samethat（同一性）（同一性）有区别有区别总结：总结：the same,such,so I couldnt put i

14、t down.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.1.We won the game,as we had expected.2.As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.3.The professor,as I learnt later,was the father of my deskmate.4.Tom was late for school again and again,which mad

15、e his teacher very angry.5.Tom suddenly fell ill,which made us sad.=Tom suddenly fell ill,_ that made us sad.and句首，句中，句末句首，句中，句末正如，好像正如，好像As/which句末句末总结总结:1._指代主句的内容指代主句的内容.2.as引导的定语从句可放在引导的定语从句可放在_ 3.as译为译为_。4.which 引导的定语从句只能放在引导的定语从句只能放在_ 5.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时，时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which.6.wh

16、ich往往可以翻译成往往可以翻译成_因果关系因果关系这这;这一点这一点7.as的习惯用法的习惯用法 as we(all)know/as is(well)known to us as anybody can see as has been said before as often happens as mentioned above as has been pointed out as is often the case as may be imagined 众所周知众所周知正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样如上所述如上所述正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样如上所述如上所述正如已经指

17、出的正如已经指出的情况常常如此情况常常如此可以想象得出可以想象得出定语从句只能用定语从句只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况以及用以及用which不用不用that的情况（的情况（12期报纸）期报纸）1.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_ 决定。决定。Those who _ finished may leave the classroom now.This is one of the houses that _(be)free.He is the only one of the teachers who _(know)French in our school.注：

18、注：“one of the+复数名词复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，但当但当one前有前有the only,the very之类的修饰语时，之类的修饰语时，后面从句中的谓语动词则用后面从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。单数形式。先行词先行词其他常见问题其他常见问题 have are knows2.the way作先行词的引导词作先行词的引导词_3.先行词是先行词是 situation,point,case 时，关系词多用时，关系词多用 _Imagine a situation where two strangers ar

19、e talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room.Teachers must pay attention to the case where students are able to recite many words but cant use them properly.that/in which/省略省略 where 分割定语从句分割定语从句在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。There are many thousands of stars in the sky

20、 that are like the sun.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace？先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓

21、语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后之后many thousands of starsone afternoonA new master定语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和非谓语动词：定语从句和非谓语动词：(1)There are lots of good English programmes which are shown on TV in China.There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV in China.(2)At one time there w

22、ere long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。从句是被动形式，用过去分词。shownwaiting (1)It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning.It was seven ocloc

23、k _he went to school this morning.(2)It is the education _ he received when studying abroad _ has made him such an excellent manager.结论：结论：强调句句型：强调句句型：It is/was+It is/was+被强调的成份被强调的成份+that/who+that/who+其它部其它部分去掉分去掉 It is/wasIt is/was.that/who.that/who,句子照样成立。而定语从句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。句的引导词在句中要作一成

24、份。thatwhenthatthat定语从句定语从句/强调句强调句(1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited.(2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting.(3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you.(4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.that that 引导引导 同位语从句，在从句中同位语从句，在从句中_，并

25、且，并且引导的句子是引导的句子是_，在从句中，在从句中 (可可/不可不可)省去，也不可用省去，也不可用which which 替代。替代。That/which That/which 引导引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时(可可/不可不可)省去，省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/which/略略thatthat/which不充当任成份不充当任成份说明前一名词的内容说明前一名词的内容不可不可可以可以定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句(1)He did all(that)he could to he

26、lp me.(2)All that can be done has been done.(3)_is known to us all,the earth turns round the sun.It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China.(4)_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.AsthatWhat(=what)(=what)结论：结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不担当成份定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不担当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分名词性从句在主

27、句中担当成分定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句 As 与which 引导的定语从句.特殊的where 与whose.根据下列句子，完成短文。根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，众所周知，20082008年北京将举办奥运年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句注意：要使用定语从句.As is known to all

28、,Beijing will host As is known to all,Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games.English,the 2008 Olympic Games.English,which is an international language,which is an international language,plays an important part in communicating plays an important part in communicating with foreigners.We Senior Thre

29、e students with foreigners.We Senior Three students should catch this opportunity to learn it well,should catch this opportunity to learn it well,by which we can make our contribution to by which we can make our contribution to the Olympic Gamesthe Olympic Games.She climbed up to the top of the hill,_she could have a good view of the whole town.from whereChina is the birthplace of kites,_kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.from whereTom hid himself behind the door,_ he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.from wherethe top of the hill