高三英语一轮复习语法专题：定语从句)课件.pptx

1、定语从句定语从句重温高考内容索引专题精析考点集训重温高考.单句语法填空单句语法填空Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015全国全国)解析解析先行词为指物的先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在定语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此答案为从

2、句中作主语，因此答案为that/which。考向1关系代词引导的限制性定语从句答案解析that/which.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.Around me in this picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.(2017全国全国)答案12which/that解析解析解析things是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导词用词用t

3、hat或或which。2.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川四川)或或 The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.答案which/that解析解析解析分析句子结构可知，分析句子结构可知，dishes后跟的是定语从句，后跟的是定语从句，what不能引导不能引导定语从句，应用定语从句，应用that/which引导。引导词在定语从句中作引导。引导词在定语从句中作cooked的宾的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把语，可以省略，因此也可以把what删除。删除。12考向2“介词whom/which

4、”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句12.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.(2015广东广东)解析解析根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词句，修饰表地点的先行词the market，且关系词在定语从句中作状语，且关系词在定语从句中作状语，故填关系副词故填关系副词

5、where。答案解析where2.Behind him were other people to he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.(2011广东广东)解析解析此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为other people，指的是人，而且与介词，指的是人，而且与介词to连用，所以填连用，所以填whom。答案解析whom12.单句改错单句改错(仅有仅有1处错误处错误)Third，we sho

6、uld find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2012大纲全国大纲全国)答案解析解析解析此处考查此处考查which引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，从句在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，for在此处多余，故应删除。在此处多余，故应删除。考向3关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Like an

7、ything，it is possible to have too much of both，is not good for the health.(2017全国全国)解析解析分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。答案解析which1234562.But Sarah，has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has bra

8、ins as well as beauty.(2017全国全国)解析解析引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。答案解析who1234563.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长生长)through i

9、t.(2017浙江浙江)解析解析考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句中缺，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。引导该定语从句。答案解析where1234564.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，I was the first Western TV reporter

10、permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全国全国)解析解析先行词是表示时间的先行词是表示时间的the mid1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词关系副词when。答案解析when1234565.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the develop

11、ment of chopsticks.(2016全国全国)解析解析所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填故填who。答案解析who1234566.Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，made her feel like a star.(2012广东广东)解析解析由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用所表述的内容，故用whi

12、ch引导。引导。答案解析which123456.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全国全国)答案which解析解析解析此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词their garden，关系词在，关系词在从句中作主语，应用从句中作主语，应用which而不能用而不能用that引导。引导。1232.Havin

13、g tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国新课标全国)答案which解析解析解析此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dinner，且关系词在从，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用句中作主语，应用which而不能用而不能用that。1233.There，Katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one o

14、f who has been to China several times.(2011重庆重庆)答案whom解析解析解析因关系词指人，并且作因关系词指人，并且作of的宾语，只能用的宾语，只能用whom，不能用，不能用who。123专题精析定语从句的句法功能及相关定义定语从句的句法功能及相关定义1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Tho

15、se who are for the plan raise your hands，please.As is known to us all，the earth is spinning around the sun.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some，any，every，no与与body，thing的合成词或的合成词或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句

16、的词叫关系词。关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。等。关系副词：关系副词：when，where，why等。等。定语从句的核心考点定语从句的核心考点1.确定关系词的步骤：确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is t

17、he place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit in China.(visit后面不能再加后面不能再加many places/them)2.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词是序数词或

18、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。等修饰时。(3)先行词为先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定等不定代词时。代词时。(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。先行词在主句中作表语时。The vi

19、llage is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.(6)当主句是以当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me?3.用用which而不用而不用that的情况：的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。(2)当关系词前有介词时。当关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是当先行词本身是that时。时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。关系词后有插入语时。4.关系词关系词who与与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。指人时，根据不同情况分

20、别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是当主句是there be句型时，关系词用句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用等词时，关系词用who。(3)当主句是当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。取代。5.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。Do you know Mr Smi

21、th whose story is very moving?There is a room，whose window faces the river.6.关系代词关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(1)先行词被先行词被such和和the same修饰，或句型修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用中，从句都用as 引导。引导。Such books as you bought are useful.注意：注意：such.that.引导结果状语从句。如：引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we lo

22、ve them much.the same.as.和和the same.that.都可引导定语从句，前者表示都可引导定语从句，前者表示“与与同样的同样的(但不是同一个但不是同一个)”；后者表示；后者表示“同一个，就是那个同一个，就是那个”如：如：This is the same pen as I lost last week.这同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样。这同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支但不是同一支)This is the same pen that I lost last week.这就是我上周丢的那支钢笔。这就是我上周丢的那支钢笔。(2)先行词为句子，定语从句用先行词为句子，定

23、语从句用as或或which引导。引导。区别：区别：意义上：意义上：as 含有含有“这点正如这点正如一样一样”。位置上：位置上：as 从句可从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。主句之后。He didnt pass the exam，as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.As is known，the earth is round.7.关系副词关系副词when，where，

24、whywhen指时间指时间in/at/on/during whichwhere指地点指地点in/at/from whichwhy指原因指原因for which注意：注意：that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和和“介词介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为常为the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中等，在口语中that常被省略。常被省略。I dont like the way(that/in which)he talks

25、.The day(that/when/on which)she arrived was Thursday.8.必须注意的问题：必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分；定语从句中关系词作从句成分；强调句中强调句中it无意义，无意义，that/who不是引导词；不是引导词；去掉去掉it is/was和和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。则不是。It is the museum that/which

26、we visited last year.(定语从句定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。可省略。同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。不充当任何成分，不可省。We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their

27、s.(定语从句定语从句)Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句同位语从句)(4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时；关系词作宾语，前无介词时；关系词作表语。关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和和whom。(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中句中one

28、为先行词为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中句中students为先行词为先行词)Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that/which)we visited yesterday?He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.It may rain，in which case the match will b

29、e put off.考点集训.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.According to Dr.Lance Workman，these people may develop a temporary moral code in their minds justifies their actions：there are rich people who have things I dont have so its right that I take it.2.This is the very factory they visited last summer holiday.3.When facing ha

30、rdships，only those are confident will achieve success.4.That evening，I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.which/thatthatwhowhich5.I wish to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far.6.After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，urgently nee

31、ded clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.7.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.8.The next day，my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people play volleyball.whosewhowhenwhere9.He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of were published

32、 in the 1990s.10.Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.whichwhich/that.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.Ive never heard of the people and things which you talked about just now.2.This is the only question which has been answered.3.This is the museum where we visited

33、 last Sunday.或或 This is the museum where we visited last Sunday.4.We have made the same mistake which you made last time.thatthatwhich/thatas5.I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers，that has a great effect on my life.6.The young man had a new girlfriend，in who he took

34、 pride.7.I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.或或 I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.8.The visitors saw rows of houses，the roofs of whose are red.whichwhomwhich/thatwhich9.Please tell me the way which you did the job.或或 Please tell me the way which you did the job.或或 Ple

35、ase tell me the way which you did the job.10.Little has been done what is helpful to our work.thatthatin.语法填空语法填空(定语从句专练定语从句专练)Yangshuo，ChinaIt was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours before，Id been at home in Hong Kong,1.I breathed its choking sm

36、og.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin,2.is a dream place for tourists 3._seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4._are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5.fly to Guili

37、n，its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.wherewhichwho/thatthat/whichwhoYangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 6.was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7.are famous in the world.And the town is fas

38、t becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 8.are in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,9.is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 10.live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.that/whichthat/whichthat/whowhichwho/that(一一)定语从句意识缺失定语从句意识缺失1.关系代词被普通代

39、词取代关系代词被普通代词取代(误误)I have many collections of stamps，some of them are my favorite.(正正)I have many collections of stamps，some of which are my favorite.2.关系代词遗漏关系代词遗漏(误误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.(正正)The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows.第一句从汉语意

40、思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦(二二)假冒伪劣的定语从句假冒伪劣的定语从句1.有从无主式有从无主式(误误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates.(正正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.(正正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has a variety of

41、 hobbies.第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。2.从句成分残缺式从句成分残缺式(误误)Those who against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.(正正)Those who are against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.第一句定语从句的成分不完整，缺谓语。介词第一句定语从句的成分不完整，缺谓语。介

42、词against不能单独作谓语。不能单独作谓语。3.画蛇添足式画蛇添足式(误误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.(误误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily.(误误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite.第一句中关系代词第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以应去掉词的。所以应去掉that。第二句中同样第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。是多余的。第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。是多余的。