高三英语总复习语法专项训练课件.ppt

1、 不定式不定式(to do)可以作状语和定语。可以作状语和定语。1.动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不如果该不定式是不及物动词定式是不及物动词,其后有必要的介词。例如：其后有必要的介词。例如：Hes a pleasant fellow to work with.Theres nothing to worry about.2.有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如例如:time,reason,chance,right,ability,willingness,need,wish,plan等。等。Women should ha

2、ve the right to receive education.There is no time to hesitate.3.the first,the second,the last,the best 等之后用不定式做等之后用不定式做定语。定语。The monitor will be the first to come.He was the last man to blame.1.作目的状语作目的状语:不定式作状语时不定式作状语时,一般置于句子末尾。但是一般置于句子末尾。但是,如果表示如果表示强调强调,亦可置于句首。亦可置于句首。(其否定形式为其否定形式为:not to do)He we

3、nt to Shanghai to visit his parents.To save the earth,we must prevent the earth from being polluted.I shut the door quietly,so as not to wake the baby.2.作结果状语作结果状语:We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.She left home,never to return again.3.作原因状语作原因状语:不定式做原因状语时不定式做原因状语时,一般放在

4、句子末尾。一般放在句子末尾。She burst into laughter to see his funny action.The boy was shocked/surprised to see the frightening scene.4.作独立成分作独立成分 有些固定词组带有些固定词组带to不定式不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。这些词有在句中作独立成分。这些词有:to be honest；to begin with；to tell(you)the truth 等。等。To tell you the truth,I have never been

5、to Beijing.To be honest,I have never heard of Winston Churchill.动名词由动词原形加词尾动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成构成.它同时具有动词及它同时具有动词及名词特征。名词特征。(以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。)1.作定语作定语 None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room.The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden.2.置于介词后作状语置于介词后作状语 介词介词+动名词可以作状语用动名词可以作状语

6、用,表示时间、原因、目的、表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。例如：让步、方式等。例如：After finishing the job,he went home.They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship.He was blamed for having done something wrong.现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时

7、间概念上。在语态上在语态上,现在分词表示主动意思现在分词表示主动意思,过去分词表示被动意思。过去分词表示被动意思。在时间上在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动过去分词则表示动作已完成（定语中）。作已完成（定语中）。developing countries(发展中国家发展中国家)developed countries(发达国家发达国家)the touching tale(动人的传说动人的传说)the touched audience(受感动的观众受感动的观众)a worried look/face（焦急的脸）焦急的脸）现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。现在分词

8、可在句中作定语和状语。1.作定语作定语 现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:This is a pressing question.这是一个紧迫的问题。这是一个紧迫的问题。He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难他提了一个令人难堪的问题。堪的问题。（现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后（现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:There were no soldiers drilling.）现在分词短语现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:A little child learning

9、to walk often falls.The men working here are all from the rural areas.2.现在分词用作状语现在分词用作状语 现在分词（短语）可用作状语现在分词（短语）可用作状语,表示时间、原因、表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)表示时间表示时间 Climbing to the top of the tower,we saw a nice view.He went out shutting the door behind him.强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时强调与谓语动词的动作同时

10、发生时,现在分词之前可用连现在分词之前可用连词词when或或while:When leaving the airport,they waved again to us.While flying over the Channel,the pilot saw what he thought to be a particular star.(2)表示原因表示原因 Being sick,I stayed at home.She caught cold sitting on the grass.(3)表示条件表示条件 Using this method,well raise the average yi

11、eld by 40%.Turning right,you will find a path leading to his cottage.(4)表示让步表示让步 Admitting what she has said,I still think hasnt tried her best.(5)表示方式或伴随情况表示方式或伴随情况He ran up to her,breathing heavily.Please fill in the form,giving your name,address,etc.It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in th

12、at country.It rained for two weeks,completely ruining our holiday.1._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept (2001春季高考 第21题)2 _ a letter from her parents,Lily is now lookingforward to _ from them.A.Having not received;hear B.Not received;hearC.Not h

13、aving received;hearing D.Receiving not;hearingV.+ing phrases:appreciate;avoid;cant help;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;give up;imagine;insist on;keep(on);mind;miss,devote oneself to;pay attention to;be used to;get down toC不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用1例1 NMET 2000 第19题Ive work with children before,so I know what

14、 _ in my job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsB解析该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain解析例例2 NMET 1999 第第21题题The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D

15、.do not make.B不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用1因为主语是因为主语是the purpose，在（在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，不定式，to不能省略，因此构成不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选句型，故选B。不定式的不定式的时态时态2例例3 NMET 1997第第12题题I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to

16、go B.having gone C.going D.to have goneD不定式不定式解析该题考查动词不定式做该题考查动词不定式做宾语宾语的的 用法。用法。Would love(like)to 是固定搭配，因此是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表不定式一般式，表示示“想，希望想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表，而接不定式完成式则表示示“原本希望而未曾实现原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。的意思。例例4 NMET 1999 第第14题题Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he stu

17、died in.A.to have studied B.to studyC.to be study D.to have been studying A常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：Would love,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等等 例如：例如：I meant to have telephoned you,but I forgot.解析不定式不定式不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式3例例5 NMET 1996年年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the o

18、perationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatA.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatC解析 该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，后跟词方式，warn sb.not to do sth.warn sb.against doing sth.该题应该用该题应该用结结构另外，构另外，not 应放在应放在to之前。之前

19、。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,look at；三使役三使役make,let,have;二听二听listen to,hear等）须接不带等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。的不定式做宾补。过去分词过去分词 过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语例例1 NMET1996第第23题题_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.

20、Lost D.To loseC解析1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语主语。2.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子按句子提供的语境可用结构提供的语境可用结构B.过去分词过去分词2.作定语例例2 NMET1997第第17题题The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.A.fi

21、rst played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first playingA解析 过去过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。过去分词表示的动作以完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以所以A是正确的。是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.过去分

22、词过去分词3.作表语例例3 NMET1998第第23题题Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to payC解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.V.-ing 形式形式v.-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作形式主要考查其在句子中作定语定语和和状语状语的用法的用法

23、例例 NMET1998 European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to makeA解析解析Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：His parents died,leavin

24、g him an orphan.He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_.(NMET91 34)A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard 2.On afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,_ some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET91 23)A.bought B.buying C.to buy

25、D.writing 3.-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?(NMET92 14)A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 4._ a reply,he decided to write again.(MET92 39)A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received5.How about the two of us _ a walk

26、down the garden?(MET93 17)A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking 6._ down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.(MET93 24)A.Turning B.To turn C.Turned D.Turn 7.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34)A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented

27、8.-I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.(MET94 21)A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know 9.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.(NMET94 22)A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding 10.The mi

28、ssing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25)A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play 11.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94 34)A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 12.-You were brave enough to raised

29、objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.(NMET95 26)A.to do b.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 13.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him_.(NMET95 35)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 14.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ her new b

30、icycle.(97上海 13)A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing 15.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.(97 上海上海12)A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned 16.She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.(95 上海上海20)A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.wal

31、king in 17.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.(96上海14)A.to pursue B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 18.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.(NMET99 21)A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not

32、make 19.A computer does only what thinking people _.(99上海19)A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it done20.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you;will call later.”(NMET99 25)A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after dr

33、inking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice 4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see

34、B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn2.It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid3.-A letter may be too slow.-Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习巩固练习C

35、 CDABAD1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where t o bu i ld t he ne w pow e r station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he4.Our f

36、ather often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working

37、 D.workingNon-infinitive 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments?A.there B.it C.this D.that9.Im thirsty.Would you please give me something_.A.drunk

38、 B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive12.They knew her very we

39、ll.They had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13.Believe it or not,he was seen_upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned15.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _b

40、ehind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied16.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practiceC.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice17._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having

41、received D.Having not received18.Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking19.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned21-35 BDBDA CABCC BDACC36-55 CBDBA ADBCA CDCBD ACCDA