the-importance-of-living生活的意义(课堂)课件.ppt

1、生活的艺术 作者：林语堂 The Importance of Living1405021136 许蕾12023-5-9Lin Yutang(Chinese:林语堂 October 10,1895 March 26,1976)was a Chinese writer,translator,linguist and inventor.His informal but polished style in both Chinese and English made him one of the most influential writers of his generation,and his com

2、pilations and translations of classic Chinese texts into English were bestsellers in the West.After 1935 Lin lived mainly in the United States,where he became known as a“wise and witty”popularizer of Chinese philosophy and way of life.Lins best sellers were My Country and My People(simplified Chines

3、e:吾国与吾民)(1935)and The Importance of Living(simplified Chinese:生活的艺术)(1937),written in English in a charming style.Others include Between Tears and Laughter(啼笑皆非)(1943).22023-5-9Three Standards of Translation:faithfulness（忠实）expressiveness（通顺）beauty（美)32023-5-9声声慢So dim,so dark,So dense,so dull,So da

4、mp,so dank,So dead!The weather,now warm,now cold,Makes it harderThan ever to forget!How can a few cups of thin wineBring warmth againstThe chilly winds of sunset?I recognize the geese flying overhead:My old friends,Bring not the old memories back!寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他晓来风急？雁过也，正伤心，却

5、是旧时相识。Slow Slow SlowSlow Tune Tune42023-5-9uLet fallen flowers lie where they fall.uTo what purposeuand for whom should I decorate?uBy the window shut,uguarding it alone,uto see the sky has turned so black!uAnd the drizzle on the kola nutuKeeps on droning:uPit-a-pat,pit-a-pat!u满地黄花堆积，u憔悴损，u如今有谁堪摘？u守

6、著窗儿独自，u怎生得黑！u梧桐更兼细雨，u到黄昏、点点滴滴。u这次第，u怎一个愁字了得！52023-5-9 Lin Yutang in this book talks about Zhuang Zhou s indifferent to fame and wealth,praises Tao Yuanmings leisurely attitude towards life,reads the Gui Qu Lai Xi speech,and tells the stories in the Bible.It also tells how Chinese people drink tea,ho

7、w they make a sightseeing tour,see clouds,identify stones,grow flowers,keep birds,watch the snow,listen to the falling rain,enjoy the air and the moon.62023-5-9Chapter One THE AWAKENING Chapter Two VIEWS OF MANKIND Chapter Three OUR ANIMAL HERITAGE Chapter Four ON BEING HUMAN Chapter Five WHO CAN BE

8、ST ENJOY LIFE?Chapter Six THE FEAST OF LIFE Chapter Seven THE IMPORTANCE OF LOAFING Chapter Eight THE ENJOYMENT OF THE HOME Chapter Nine THE ENJOYMENT OF LIVING Chapter Ten THE ENJOYMENT OF NATURE Chapter Eleven THE ENJOYMENT OF TRAVEL Chapter Twelve THE ENJOYMENT OF CULTURE Chapter Thirteen RELATIO

9、NSHIP TO GOD Chapter Fourteen THE ART OF THINKING Today,I will share what Ive learned from this chapter.72023-5-9I.Find Thyself:ChuangtseII.Passion,Wisdom And Courage;MenciusIII.Cynicism,Folly And Camouflage:LaotseIV.Philosophy of Half-and-half:TsesseV.A Lover Of Life:Tao YuanmingChapter Five WHO CA

10、N BEST ENJOY LIFE?82023-5-9Chapter Five WHO CAN BEST ENJOY LIFE 谁最会享受人生The ideal character best able to enjoy life is a warm,carefree and unafraid soul.最合于享受人生的理想人物，就是一个热诚的、悠闲的、无恐惧的人。92023-5-9 “Philosopher has become merely a term of social compliment.Anyone who is abstruse and unintelligible is cal

11、led a philosopher.Anyone who is unconcerned with the present is also called a philosopher.And yet there is some truth in the latter meaning.The only problem unconsciously assumed by all Chinese philosophers to be of any importance is:how shall we enjoy life,and who can best enjoy life?No perfectioni

12、sm（不去追求完美的理想）,no straining after the unattainable（不去寻找那势不可得的事物）,no postulating of the unknowable（不去穷究那些不可得知的东西）;but taking poor,mortal human nature as it is,how shall we organize our life that we can work peacefully,endure nobly（旷达地忍耐）and live happily?I.Find Thyself:I.Find Thyself:ChuangtseChuangtse

13、 (发现自己：庄子）102023-5-9Who are we?That is the first question.It is a question almost Who are we?That is the first question.It is a question almost impossible to answer.But we all agree that the busy self impossible to answer.But we all agree that the busy self occupied in our daily activities is not qu

14、ite the real self.We occupied in our daily activities is not quite the real self.We are quite sure we have lost something in the mere pursuit of are quite sure we have lost something in the mere pursuit of living.living.So we often forget our true self in the pursuit of living,like a So we often for

15、get our true self in the pursuit of living,like a bird forgetting its own danger in pursuit of a mantis,which bird forgetting its own danger in pursuit of a mantis,which again forgets its own danger in pursuit of another prey,as is so again forgets its own danger in pursuit of another prey,as is so

16、beautifully expressed in a beautifully expressed in a parableparable （美妙的譬喻）（美妙的譬喻）by by ChuangtseChuangtse.Chuangtse said that we have lost something and the business of Chuangtse said that we have lost something and the business of philosophy is to discover and recover that which is lost in this p

17、hilosophy is to discover and recover that which is lost in this case,“a childs heart,”according to Mencius.“A great man case,“a childs heart,”according to Mencius.“A great man is he who has not lost the heart of a child,”says this is he who has not lost the heart of a child,”says this philosopher.ph

18、ilosopher.112023-5-9II.Passion,Wisdom And Courage:II.Passion,Wisdom And Courage:Mencius MenciusMencius enumerated the three“mature Mencius enumerated the three“mature virtues”of his“great man”as virtues”of his“great man”as“wisdom,compassion and courage.”I“wisdom,compassion and courage.”I should like

19、 to lop off one syllable should like to lop off one syllable and regard as the qualities of a great and regard as the qualities of a great soul passion,wisdom and courage.soul passion,wisdom and courage.As Chang Chao says,A passionate nature always loves women,but one who loves women is not necessar

20、ily a passionate nature.And again,Passion holds up the bottom of the world,while genius paints its roof.For unless we have passion,we have nothing to start out in life with at all.122023-5-9We are born with a given cold or warm nature.and it is only in proportion as we lose that youthful heart that

21、we lose the inner warmth in ourselves.For it seems that while a man with passion and sentiment may do many foolish and precipitate（鲁莽的）things,but a man without passion or sentiment is a joke and a caricature（一副讽刺画）.So this warm generosity of soul has to be protected against life by a philosophy,beca

22、use life is harsh,warmth of soul is not enough,and passion must be joined to wisdom and courage.To me wisdom and courage are the same thing,for courage is born of an understanding of life;he who completely understands life is always brave.Anyway that type of wisdom which does not give us courage is

23、not worth having at all.Wisdom leads to courage by exercising a veto against our foolish ambitions and emancipating（从解放出来）us from the fashionable humbug（骗子）of this world,whether humbug of thought or humbug of life.132023-5-9III.Cynicism,Folly and Camouflage:III.Cynicism,Folly and Camouflage:LaotseLa

24、otse玩世、愚钝、潜隐：老子142023-5-9Paradoxically,Laotses most wicked philosophy of“the old rogue”（老滑)has been responsible for the highest ideal of peace,tolerance,simplicity and contentment.Such teachings include the wisdom of the foolish,the advantage of camouflage（隐逸者的长处）,the strength of weakness,and.the si

25、mplicity of the truly sophisticatedThe greatest wisdom seems like stupidity.The greatest eloquence like stuttering（口吃，结巴）.Movement overcomes cold,But staying overcomes heat.So he by his limpid calm Puts everything right under heaven.(清净为天下正)152023-5-9 Lin Yutang made a poem which sums up the message

26、 of Taoistic thought:There is the wisdom of the foolish,The gracefulness of the slow,The subtlety of stupidity,The advantage of lying low（隐者）.162023-5-9IV.Philosophy of Half-and-half:Tsesse （中庸哲学：子思）Those are the best cynics who are half-cynics.The highest type of life after all is the life of sweet

27、 reasonableness as taught by Confucius grandson,Tsesse,author of The Golden Mean.172023-5-9 After all allowances are made for the necessity of having a few supermen in our midst explorers,conquerors,great inventors,great presidents,heroes who change the course of history the happiest man is still th

28、e man of the middle-class who has earned a slight means of economic independence,who has done a little,but just a little,for mankind,and who is slightly distinguished in his community,but not too distinguished.It is only in this milieu（背景）of well-known obscurity and financial competence with a pinch

29、,when life is fairly carefree and yet not altogether carefree,that the human spirit is happiest and succeeds best.182023-5-9V.A Lover of Life:Tao V.A Lover of Life:Tao YuanmingYuanmingTao is the most perfectly harmonious and well-rounded Tao is the most perfectly harmonious and well-rounded characte

30、r in the entire Chinese literary tradition,character in the entire Chinese literary tradition,lived and died,a carefree and conscience-free,humble lived and died,a carefree and conscience-free,humble peasant-poet,and a wise and merry old man.peasant-poet,and a wise and merry old man.192023-5-9 With

31、Taos great love of life,he could not have been willing to escape from it altogether.His wife and children were too real for him,his garden and the bough stretching across his courtyard and the lonely pines which he fondled were altogether too attractive,and being a reasonable man,instead of a logici

32、an,he stuck to them.That was his love of life and his jealousy over it,and it was from this positive,but reasonable,attitude toward life that he arrived at the feeling of harmony with life which was characteristic of his culture.202023-5-9 It is passion that is the soul of life,the light in the star

33、s,the lilt in music and song,the joy in flowers,the plumage in birds,the charm in woman,and the life in scholarship.It is as impossible to speak of a soul without passion as to speak of music without expression.It is that which gives us inward warmth and the rich vitality which enables us to face li

34、fe cheerily.如果我们没有“情”，我们便没有人生的出发点。情是生命的灵魂，星辰的光辉，音乐和诗歌的韵律，花草的欢乐，飞禽的羽毛，女人的艳色，学问的生命。没有情的灵魂是不可能的，正如音乐不能没有表情一样。这种东西给我们以内心的温暖和活力，使我们能快乐地去对付人生。212023-5-9 There is always a flavor of disenchantment about philosophy.The philosopher looks at life as an artist looks at a landscape through a veil or a haze.哲学总带着一种如梦初醒的意味。哲学家观察人生，正如艺术家观察风景一样-是隔着一层薄纱或一层烟雾的。222023-5-9232023-5-9