美国文化.ppt

1、In 1788,13 colonies become the United States of America.By 1796,a few more states have been created.America buys Louisiana from France in 1803.By 1837,new states have been created around the Mississippi.1843:One thousand people travel to Oregon1848:USA wins Texas in the Mexican War1849:California go

2、ld rush1862:A new law gives free land to settlersBy 1850,Oregon and California become states.By 1912,all states except Alaska and Hawaii have been created.What Is“CULTURE”?The way of life of a group of people which is passed downfrom one generation to anotherthrough learning.Culture is like an icebe

3、rg.Most of it is under the water.BehaviorsBeliefsValue SystemAmerican Culture isA melting-potmany cultures are effectively melted together.Cock-tailSalad Bowl Immigrants do not lose the unique aspects of their cultures A patchwork quiltEach patch represents a piece of a culture andthe quilt is sewn

4、togetherto form American heritage that includes parts of all cultures.American dream of success,fame and wealth through thrift and hard work.However,the industrialization of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream,replacing it with a philosophy of get rich quick.Beijing Opera actor and

5、his KFC meal Father singing Beijing Opera and son dancing Hip hop Typical American Cultural PatternsIndividualism an individuals having control over his/her own destiny It stresses human independence and the importance of individual self-reliance and liberty.EqualityAmericans believe that all people

6、 have right to succeed in life and that the state should ensure that right.Americans like to treat others as equals and choose to be treated in the same manner when they interact in school,business,or social environmentDear white,something you got to know When I was born,I was black.When I grow up,I

7、 am black.When Im under the sun,Im black.When Im cold,Im black.When Im afraid,Im black.When Im sick,Im black.When I die,Im still black.You，white people,When you were born,you were pink.When you grow up,you become white.Youre red under the sun.Youre blue when youre cold.You are yellow when youre afra

8、id.Youre green when youre sick.Youre grey when you die.And you,call me color?MaterialismAmerican consider it almost a right to be materially well offand physically comfortable.wealth seeking,prefers extravagance,superficial,believes the bigger the pay check the more important the person,seeks status

9、 and powerScience and Technology Americans believe that science is the major tool of understanding and improving life.They believe nothing is impossible by science,using technology we can control much of the life.ChangeAmericans live at a faster rate than any other people,they are ready to change or

10、 move.They emphasize on the future rather than the past and the present.Work and leisureWhen people meet each other for the first time,a common question is“What do you do?A major reward of hard work,and an important American value,is leisure.“It is in play that we find real joy.”CompetitionCompetiti

11、on is part of an Americans life from early childhood on.We are ranked,graded classified,and evaluated so that we will know if we are“the best”A horse never runs so fast as when he has other horse to catch up and outpace.1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Ca

12、nada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。2.The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。3.Of all states of American,Alaska i

13、s the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。4.The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。5.New Englanders were ori

14、ginally knows as Yankees,which came to stand for all American.6.Chicago,the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes,is the largest industrial and commercial center of the area.芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的工商业中心。7.Sugar cane and pineapples are Hawaiis main crops.Tourism is Hawaiis most important indust

15、ry.甘蔗和菠萝是夏威夷的两大作物，旅游业是夏威夷最重要的产业。8.The first immigrants in the American history cane from England and Netherlands.美国历史是第一批移民来自英国和荷兰。美国的四次大规模的人口流动：流动方向 the First 1865-1880 east coast-west the Second 1980-1920 rural areas-cities the Third 1920-1960 the south/black people-other areas the fourth 1960-now

16、 Northeast/Central-N-the West/the South The stock market crash was the beginning of long economic depression in the late 1920S and 1930S.股票市场的崩溃是1929-1933年的经济大萧条的开端。The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.It was draw up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789.美国宪法是世界上最

17、早的成文宪法，它起草于1787年，生效于1789年。The government is divided into three branched:the legislative,the executive,and the judicial.Each branch has part of the powers but not all the power.美国政府被分为3部分：立法机构，行政机构和司法机构。The President of the U.S is the head of the executive branch and the head of the state elected by

18、the whole nation.The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age.The president election was held every 4 years.宪法规定总统必须是美国本土出生的美国公民，至少年满35岁，总统选举每四年举行一次。In American,the“winner-take-all”system applies in all states expect Maine.在美国，嬴者全赢的制度适用于除缅因州外

19、的各州。The presidential term of 4 years begin on Jan 20 following the November election,The president publicly takes an oath of office,which is administered by the Chief Justice of the U.S.A president can be elected to office only twice.美国总统任期为4年，每位总统任期最多只能两届，总统宣誓就职仪式是由美国首席大法官主持的。In general,American ha

20、s a two-party system.There are two major political parties in America:the Democrats and the Republicans.一般说来，美国实行的是两党制，两大主要政党为：民主党和共和党 Formal education in the U.S consists ofelementary,secondary and higher education,Elementary and secondary education,which forms public education,is free and compulso

21、ry.美国正规的教育由初等，中等和高等教育组成，初等，中等教育属公立教育，是免费和义务的。In American,there are more public elementary and secondary schools that private ones,while private colleges and universities outnumber public ones.在美国，公立中小学比私立多，而私立大学比公立大学多。Elementary and secondary education in the U.S covers 12 years for ages 6 through 1

22、8,All the states have laws that require children to go to school,generally until the age of 16,unless they are severely handicapped.美国初等和中等教育共12年，从6岁到 8岁，所有州要求孩子们上学上到16岁，除非他们严重残疾。The typical organizational pattern for elementary and secondary schools is that of graded schools.Usually,the elementary

23、school covers grades 1-8 and the high school 9-12.美国中小学典型的组织模式是年级制，通常，小学包括1到8年级，中学包括9到12年级。Higher education of the U.S began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636.美国的高等教育始于1636年哈佛学院的建立。In American,there are the best research universities such as Harvard,Yale,Princeton,Columbia and MIT in the

24、east,as well as Stanford and Berkeley on the west coast.美国最好的科研型大学有位于东部的哈佛，耶鲁，普林斯顿，哥伦比亚，和麻省理工大学，位于西海岸的斯坦福大学和伯克利大学。Benjamin Franklin was the only writer in the colonial period whose works are read today“Lost time is never found again”“God helps those who help themselves“本杰明.富兰克林是殖民地时期唯一一位作品至今仍广为传诵的作家

25、“光阴一去不复回”“自助者，天助之 Washington Irving was the first American writer who gained international fame.华盛顿.欧文是第一个获得国际知名度的美国作家 Emily Dickson wrote nearly 1800 poems and only seven of them were published during her lifetime.Death was one of the great themes of her work and she seldom lost sight of the grave.

26、死亡是迪金森作品的一大主题 To dietakes just a little whileTo dietakes just a little whileThey say it doesnt hurtIts only fainterby degreesAnd thenits out of sightA darker Ribbonfor a DayA Grape upon the HatAnd then the pretty sunshine comesAnd helps us to forgetThe absentmysticcreatureThat but for love of usHad

27、gone to sleepthat soundest timWithout the wearinessThomas Sterns Eliot won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1946.His masterpiece,“The Waste Land”reveals the spiritual crisis of Post War Europe,and is considered the manifesto of the“Lost Generation”.托马斯。艾略特于1946年获得诺贝尔文学奖，荒原是其代表用，展现了战后欧洲的精神危机，被认为是“迷惘

28、的一代的宣言书。In American,Jazz,Rock and Roll,Western and country music are the main type of popular music.Jazz is considered the U.S s unique contribution to music.爵士乐，摇滚乐和西部乡村音乐是美国流行音乐的几种形式，爵士乐被认为是美国人对音乐的特别贡献。Chinese and American CultureBody LanguageBody LanguageEven body language has a cultural accent.C

29、hinese stamp their feet to show anger;Americans interpret this as impatience.Chinese clap for themselves after a speech.Americans may see this as immodest.When giving or receiving a gift Chinese use two hands to denote respect.Americans never even notice.Americans point to their chest to signify“me”

30、,but think it is funny when Chinese point to their nose.Body SpaceAmerican individualists value privacy and men always maintain a distance of 45-80 centimeters between them when they talk.To stand farther apart is inconvenient,to stand closer violates body space.And males rarely touch each other,exc

31、ept for a brief but firm handshake.They certainly never hold hands or sit with arms around one another.Specific Taboos The Japanese customarily wrap their gifts in paper,but they dont use white paper(color of death);they dont use bright colored paper;Dont give four of anything to a Japanese or Korea

32、n;it is the“bad luck”number,like the number 13 in many cultures including the United States and England.Dont give a clock to a Chinese;the word for clock in Chinese has a funeral connotation to it.For someone from Hong Kong,giving two of something,or a pair,carries better luck than a single item.In

33、the Middle East,a handkerchief suggests tears or parting,and therefore is inappropriate as a gift.In the Middle East,any pictures of partially unclothed females(even of famous statues)or of pet animals,like dogs who are considered dirty and lowly,are inappropriate gifts.外国人在中国待太久的40个表现1.几杯白酒根本不能令你晕头

34、转向。2.你在一家豪华西餐厅享用美食时，甚至没注意到隔壁的一个家伙在对着手机大喊。3.你喜欢穿着拖鞋到处走，你开始穿着睡衣去小店买东西。4.你开始到马路边的理发摊理发。5.你在公园里一边倒着走，一边听收音机。6.羽毛球和乒乓球成为你主要的运动方式。7.你在电梯里吸烟，你相信把电梯按钮摁63次能让你更快。8.所有的白人在你看来都一个样。9.你发现上西式厕所不舒服。10.你问别人的本命年是哪一年。11.“蹲”成为你最喜欢的姿势，无论何时何地。12.你开始喜欢吃月饼。13.你告诉你的父母，你们家原来的房子风水不好。14.在街上你看到七八十岁的老太太推着上千斤的垃圾，一点都不感到惊奇。15.你说话时喜

35、欢在句子里用“啊呀”来表达你的惊讶、喜悦、痛苦或生气。16.你觉得自己个子高，尽管你只有5.8英尺(约1.74米)。17.你回国时，每次上医院或商店都喜欢带上大量的现金。18.你在餐桌上吃鱼时，根本没注意到鱼眼睛在注视着你。19.你开始觉得买新的自行车很傻，那些来历不明的二手车连一半的价钱都不要。20.当问你理由时，你只是重复“不好意思”。21.每当你上厕所时，你喜欢自己带上手纸。22.你爱用筷子，你可以用筷子夹起各种各样的食物，包括花生，别人夸你筷子用得好时你会不高兴。23.你喜欢转过头去看别人在都读什么书。24.你在驾车时猛按喇叭，因为你在人行道行车时他们挡住了你的路。25.当你在家乐福超

36、市购物时，一些老外盯着你，因为你在窥视他们的篮子，想知道老外都吃些什么。26.你开始把其他外国人叫“老外”。27.你认为麦当劳的食物好吃。28.你的普通话讲得比中国人还好。你买中文报纸，因为你已经忘记自己曾看不了中文.29.当你朝窗外看时，你会想，“哇，这么多树！”而不是“哇，这么多混凝土！”30.你不再喜欢向新来中国的人介绍中国的一切。31.中国人不再盯着你看，你在纳闷为什么。32.鞭炮声不能把你吵醒。33.中国人在街上向你打听路怎么走。34.当离开中国时，你想吃中国食物。35.在夏天，不管什么时候坐下，你都把裤脚卷到膝盖边。36.你每次进家门都要先换鞋子。37.你没想到使用软件是要付钱的。38.你在公共汽车上总能抢到座位。39.你开始觉得自己的鼻子过大。40.坐出租车时，你听出了车子里播放的中国流行音乐，并跟着它哼唱。