2021届山东省滨州市高三下学期5月二模英语试题(解析版).doc

1、高三英语试题注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如 需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。 写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThis International Womens Day, were celebrating four women who

2、changed the face of science forever.Anandibai Joshee, born in 1865 in India, became Indias first woman physician with a medical degree. After graduation from a Womans Medical College, she accepted an offer from the governor minister of Kolhapur in India to serve as “Lady Doctor of Kolhapur”. She die

3、d at 21 from tuberculosis. Despite her short life, Joshees accomplishments were unprecedented for an Indian woman, and her achievements open the door for other Indian women to quickly follow.Mamie Clark, an American social psychologist, specialized in child development in black children. In 1946, Cl

4、ark and Kenneth founded the only mental health organization for black children in New York. Clark was awarded the American Association of University achievement award in 1973, and ten years later the National Coalition of 100 Black Women awarded her the Candace Award for humanitarianism.Geochemist K

5、atsuko Saruhashi was born in Tokyo in 1920. Saruhashi became the first woman elected to the Science Council of Japan, the first woman to win the Miyake Prize for Geochemistry, and the first woman recipient of an award from the Society of Sea Water Science in Japan. In 1981, she founded the Saruhashi

6、 Prize, a prize awarded annually to a female role model in science.Born in Los Angeles, California, Ochoa was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993. In 1990, Ochoa was selected to astronaut candidacy as part of a group of twenty-three NASA astron

7、auts, and became an astronaut a year later. Her first spaceflight was aboard Discovery as a mission specialist and lasted nine days, in which the crew conducted scientific experiments and deployed a research satellite to study the solar corona.1. Who was appointed by the government to work as an exp

8、ert?A. Anandibai Joshee.B. Mamie Clark.C. Katsuko Saruhashi.D. Ochoa.2. What did Mamie Clark and Katsuko Saruhashi have in common?A. They set an award.B. They were Americans.C. They were awarded twice.D. They majored in water science.3. Where is the text most probably from?A. A poster.B. A magazine.

9、C. A guidebook.D. A report.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学界四位伟大女性的个人经历。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“After graduation from a Womans Medical College, she accepted an offer from the governor minister of Kolhapur in India to serve as Lady Doctor of Kolhapur.(从一所女子医学院毕业后，她接受了印度戈尔哈布尔市市长的邀请，担任“戈尔哈布尔女医

10、生”)”可知，被政府聘请担任专家的是Anandibai Joshee。故填A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Clark was awarded the American Association of University achievement award in 1973, and ten years later the National Coalition of 100 Black Women awarded her the Candace Award for humanitarianism.(1973年，Clark被授予美国大学协会成就奖，10年后全国100名黑人妇女联盟授予

11、她人道主义坎迪斯奖)”可知，Mamie Clark获过两次奖。根据第四段第二句“Saruhashi became the first woman elected to the Science Council of Japan, the first woman to win the Miyake Prize for Geochemistry, and the first woman recipient of an award from the Society of Sea Water Science in Japan.(Saruhashi成为第一位当选为日本科学委员会的女性成员，首位获得三宫城地

12、球化学奖的女性，以及首位获得日本海水科学学会奖项的女性)”可知，Katsuko Saruhashi 也获过两次奖。因此Mamie Clark和Katsuko Saruhashi的共同点是都获过两次奖。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“This International Womens Day, were celebrating four women who changed the face of science forever.(今年的国际妇女节，我们要庆祝四位永久改变了科学面貌的女性)”可知，文章的主题是契合今年的妇女节，因此有一定的及时性，但是并没有讲述实效性很强的新闻。同时，

13、文中没有指导类的信息以及广告信息，所以文章最可能来源于杂志。故选B项。BAmerican Mark Levine wears many hats in China-educator, author, volunteer, musician, sociologist, cross-cultural communicator, winner of the Chinese governments Friendship Award, and most noticeably, wide-brimmed.The bushy-bearded 73-year-old is perhaps best known

14、 among the Chinese public for writing American country music-style songs about China that he performs in full cowboy regalia. He often sings and plays his guitar to the accompaniment of the erhu played by his friend, Fu Han, in their musical duo, In Side Out. Levine has staged hundreds of performanc

15、es in 15 provinces, and one had an audience over 50,000, he says.Fu Han recalls he once performed in a well-known bar in Beijings Houhai area, and she joined him on stage with her erhu. “A group of tourists from northern Europe came up and watched and filmed us, and started singing with us. I realiz

16、ed a Chinese instrument and face can help better tell Chinas stories to foreigners. So, they officially became band mates. Im the in and hes the out in In Side Out,” she explains.Levine plans to release a song book when he reaches 100 songs. He has so far written over 70 tunes that he calls musical

17、stories from my Chinese journey, since he settled in Beijing in 2007 to take an occupation at Minzu University of China, where he still works, largely on account of its ethnic diversity.Levine says two highlights during his time in the country have been winning the Friendship Award in 2014 and recei

18、ving his Chinese “green card” in 2016. Levine hopes it increases cross-cultural understanding. One of his friends says Levine is particularly apt for the task. “Mark is a perfect ambassador for humanity, so to speak, who has found his ideal place here,” he says.4. What can we learn from Levines musi

19、cal achievement?A. He has released a book about his songs.B. He has performed his songs all over China.C. His biggest concert attracted nearly 50,000 audiences.D. He combined American music style with Chinese stories.5. Why did he determine to work at Minzu University of China?A. He desired to settl

20、e in Beijing.B. He could win the Friendship Award.C. He could be exposed to diverse cultures.D. He could find more musical stories there.6. Whats the meaning of the underlined word “apt” in the last paragraph?A. Intelligent.B. Suitable.C. Reliable.D. Enthusiastic.7. Which of the following can best d

21、escribe Levine?A. Devoted and outspoken.B. Attentive and generous.C. Intelligent and sensitive.D. Active and productive.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国人Mark Levine在中国身兼多职，73岁还在进行表演，将美国音乐风格与中国故事相结合。文章还介绍了他所取得的一些成就和个人经历。4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The bushy-bearded 73-year-old is perhaps best k

22、nown among the Chinese public for writing American country music-style songs about China that he performs in full cowboy regalia.(在中国公众中，这位留着浓密胡子的73岁老人最出名的可能是他写的关于中国的美国乡村音乐风格歌曲，他穿着全套牛仔服表演)”可知，我们能从Levine的音乐成就中了解到，Levine将美国音乐风格与中国故事相结合。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He has so far written over 70 tunes that

23、he calls musical stories from my Chinese journey, since he settled in Beijing in 2007 to take an occupation at Minzu University of China, where he still works, largely on account of its ethnic diversity.(到目前为止，他已经写了70多首曲子，他称之为“来自中国之旅的音乐故事”，自从2007年他定居北京，在中国民族大学任职以来，他仍然在那里工作，很大程度上是因为那里的种族多样性)”可知，他决定去中

24、央民族大学工作因为他可以接触到不同的文化。故选C。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Levine says two highlights during his time in the country have been winning the Friendship Award in 2014 and receiving his Chinese “green card” in 2016. Levine hopes it increases cross-cultural understanding.( Levine表示，他在中国的两个亮点是在2014年赢得了友谊奖，并在2016年获得了中国“

25、绿卡”。Levine希望它能增进跨文化的理解)”以及后文“Mark is a perfect ambassador for humanity, so to speak, who has found his ideal place here”可知，Levine的一个朋友说Mark是人类的完美大使，他在这里找到了理想的位置，所以他是说Levine特别适合增进跨文化的理解这项任务。故画线词意思是“合适的”。A. Intelligent.聪明的；B. Suitable.合适的；C. Reliable.可靠的；D. Enthusiastic.热情的。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The

26、bushy-bearded 73-year-old is perhaps best known among the Chinese public for writing American country music-style songs about China that he performs in full cowboy regalia.(在中国公众中，这位留着浓密胡子的73岁老人最出名的可能是他写的关于中国的美国乡村音乐风格歌曲，他穿着全套牛仔服表演)”以及倒数第二段中“Levine plans to release a song book when he reaches 100 son

27、gs. He has so far written over 70 tunes(Levine计划在歌曲数量达到100首后发行一本歌本。 到目前为止，他已经写了70多首曲子)”可推知，Levine73岁还在进行表演，且创作了70多首曲子，可见他是个活跃且多产的人。故选D。CNumerous studies, including a 2019 review in the journal Annual Research & Review in Biology, have found that both performing and listening to music can have a sign

28、ificant impact on the immune system.“Certainly music has an impact on the brain, and anxiety and stress impact the immune system,” said Andrew Levin, a neurologist at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Levin, an amateur trumpet player who performs with several local ensembles, said hes not an expert

29、in the ways music interacts with the brain. But it works for him. Music is a part of my stress release paradigm,“ he said. We know that music can affect brain states, so I dont believe it is much of a stretch to say that music can indirectly affect our physiology, and there is research that supports

30、 this notion. ”According to a 2013 review in the journal Brain Behavior and Immunity, the emotional and psychological effects of listening to music have direct impacts on biomarkers and hormone levels. There is also general consensus among researchers that listening to music reduces cortisol (皮质醇)le

31、vels.Does the type of music matter? It does. Prior associations and relationships with different types of music affect how your body responds. In general, research indicates that “relaxing music” (i. e. slower pace, peaceful music) is better for calming tense nerves， decreasing blood pressure and br

32、eath and settling the heart rate.Singing a different tune? Potvin, a professor of music therapy at Duquesne University, is skeptical of some of the research linking music with the immune system, questioning whether its healthy to use music or any other tool to resist anxiety. The research is superfi

33、cial, though I dont mean that in a negative way,“ he said. I think the information we have is valuable, but we need to go deeper. ”8. What does the underlined word it in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Music.B. Brain.C. Immune system.D. The research.9. What do we know about relaxing music according to the t

34、ext?A. It has fast rhythm.B. It contributes to a stable heart rate.C It does no good to calm tense nerves.D. It can increase blood pressure and breath.10. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Potvin has some prejudice about the research.B. Potvin thinks further study about it is necessary.C.

35、Potvin questions whether music effectively resists anxiety.D. Potvin is convinced of the impact of music on the immune system.11. What might be the best title of the text?A. Whats the function of music?B. Does music benefit your brain?C. How to promote your immune system?D. Can music boost your immu

36、ne system?【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了演奏和听音乐对我们的免疫系统产生重要影响。音乐通过影响大脑，减小压力和焦虑，且对人体的各项生物指标、荷尔蒙以及皮质醇的水平都有搜有影响。令人放松的轻音乐效果更好。同时，一些专家也指出，针对音乐对免疫系统的影响的研究还太浅显，需要进一步的深入研究。【8题详解】词句猜测题。本段开头匹兹堡大学的神经学家Levin教授同时也是意为业余小号演奏家说“Certainly music has an impact on the brain, and anxiety and stress impact

37、 the immune system”（音乐当然对大脑有影响，焦虑和压力会影响免疫系统）可知本段在介绍音乐和免疫系统之间的关系。随后，又提出“hes not an expert in the ways music interacts with the brain.”（他不是大脑与音乐互动方式的专家）“But it works for him.”（但是音乐对他有用）又根据后文“Music is a part of my stress release paradigm”（音乐是我减压模式的一部分）可知，it指代music。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“relaxing music(

38、i. e. slower pace, peaceful music) is better for calming tense nerves， decreasing blood pressure and breath and settling the heart rate.”（“令人放松的音乐”（即：慢节奏，安静的音乐）对舒缓紧张的神经，降低血压和呼吸，稳定心率有较好的效果。）可知，“令人放松的音乐”有助于稳定心率。“contribute to”(有助于)。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后Potvin 教授所说The research is superficial, though I

39、 dont mean that in a negative way,“ he said. I think the information we have is valuable, but we need to go deeper. ”（这项研究是肤浅的，尽管我表示的不是消极的意思。我认为我们所掌握的信息是有价值的，但是我们需要深入研究）。可知，Potvin 教授认为我们更进一步的研究是必要的。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“have found that both performing and listening to music can have a significant

40、impact on the immune system.”(发现演奏和听音乐对我们的免疫系统产生重要影响。)可知，本文介绍的是音乐和免疫系统的关系。根据关键词“music”（音乐）和“immune system”（免疫系统）可以得到答案。故选D项DFor 30 years, Alaskas northern fur seal population has not increased. But the ocean mammals are appearing in growing numbers in one unlikely place-a small island that forms the

41、 tip of an active undersea volcano. Bogoslof Island is distant and unpopulated. It sits in the eastern Bering Sea. Openings on the ground there release mud, steam and sulfurous gases, but northern fur seals find the island to be a good place for giving birth and raising their young.It is unclear why

42、 the seals have chosen to live on an active volcanic island instead of other unpopulated islands in the area. The surface is covered with these big blocks, some as big as 10 meters in length, which were exploded out of the vent,” said Chris Waythomas, a U.S. Geological Survey research scientist.Nort

43、hern fur seals get their name from their extremely thick fur; they have about 60,000 hairs per square centimeter. When Russian Emperor Alexander II needed money and decided to sell Alaska to the United States in 1867, fur was one of the future states known valuables.Most of the worlds northern fur s

44、eals live in the eastern Bering Sea area. They live in the ocean from November to June and return to land in summer, when they breed and nurse pups. Between 1950 and 1988, the northern fur seal population dropped from 2.1 million to 1.1 million. Scientists do not know why they have not made a comeba

45、ck. Northern fur seals were first seen on Bogoslof in 1980. NOAA researchers have since carried out periodic studies of the population.Volcanic activity on Bogoslof has remained mostly stable. But Gelatts crew chose not to camp there during their week-long visit in August. They feared an explosion c

46、ould shoot up huge rocks. Instead, they made day trips from a secured boat. The crew counted the number of seals and examined whether images taken from above by an unpiloted aircraft could be used in future counts.12. Whats the text mainly about?A. The scientists are worried about the extinction of

47、seals.B. The environment protection is crucial to wild animals.C. The northern fur seals are on the rise on Bogoslof Island.D. The northern fur seals like distant and unpopulated places.13. What do Chris Waythomas words mean?A. The conditions on Bogoslof Island are tough and terrible.B. An active un

48、dersea volcano makes Bogoslof Island livable.C. Bogoslof Island is suitable for the northern fur seals to live onD. Its reasonable for the northern fur seals to live on a small island.14. What can be learned from the paragraph 3 & 4?A. The northern fur seals breed and nurse pups in winter.B. The northern fur seals thick fur is of no value nowadays.C. There were about 1.1 million northern fur seals on the island.D. Its not clear why northern fur seal population has not increased.15. How did researchers guarantee their safety during the study?A. By observing i