阅读理解复习之推理判断和语篇结构课件.ppt

1、阅读理解复习之推理判断和语篇结构推理判断的四种形式1.事实推理2.写作意图3.作者态度4.文章出处事实推断的提问形式1.We can infer(推断）from the passage that _.2.The story suggests(暗示）that _.3.We can conclude(得出结论）from the passage that _.4.The passage implies that_.4.The passage implies that_.5.From the text,we know that_.5.From the text,we know that_.解题小技巧解

2、题小技巧 1)不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有同义不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有同义 词解释的选项。词解释的选项。2)不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项 3)不选非事实选项不选非事实选项 4)选概括性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项 Just as crying can be healthy,not crying holding back tears of anger,pain or suffering can be bad for physical health.Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to

3、 high blood pressure,heart problems and some other illnesses.If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry.But when you feel like crying,dont fight it.Its a natural and healthy emotional response(反应).61,It can be inferred from the text that _.Athere are two ways to keep heal

4、thy Bcrying does more good to health than laughingCcrying and laughing play the same rolesDemotional health has a close relationship to physical health DA stronger argument comes from research into school results.Girls grow up earlier than boys,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at

5、languages.In a mixed class,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker.Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed(惊动惊动)the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes.In the UK the bes

6、t schools are all single-sex,strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer.This may,however,not be as simple as it looks.It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex,rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.At t

7、he end of the passage the writer suggests that _.A.single-sex schools are the best schools in the UKB.being single-sex does not necessarily make a school betterC.co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal developmentD.because boys cannot compete with girls in study,they go to singl

8、e-sex schoolsB写作意图的提问形式写作意图的提问形式1.考查整篇文章的写作目的考查整篇文章的写作目的(1)The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.(2)In writing the passage,the author intends to _.2.考查某处细节的写作意图考查某处细节的写作意图 (1)The writer uses the example ofto show that _.(2)The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passa

9、ge to _.技巧点拨整篇文章写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）常见于故事类的文章(2)to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章(3)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章 考查某处细节的写作目标通常有以下几种:1.Questions常常是引出下文或引起读者兴趣.2.Examples常常是对文章作出解释.Earthquake may rightly ranked as one of the most disastrous forces k

10、nown to man:since record began to be written down,it has been estimated(估计)that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millions,and that earthquake-related loss has been beyond calculation The great majority of all earthquake occurred in two particular areas in historyIt is doubtful that man

11、 will be ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their damage altogether.But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood,man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.Q:The authors purpose in writing the passage probably is to _.A.i

12、nform the reader B.entertain the reader C.support a theory D.question a theory A“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinb

13、urgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A.test the readers knowledge about waves B.draw the readers attention to the topicC.show Jamie Taylors importance D.invite the readers to answer themB作者观点的提问形式:1.What is

14、the authors attitude towards sbs action?2.What is the writers attitude in writing this passage?3.What is the tone of the author?作者观点的小技巧辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。以及承接上下文的连接词。表示贬义表示贬义;passive,critical,negative,disappointed.Regretful,dull表示褒义表示褒义:positive,supportive,use

15、ful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring表示中立表示中立:indifferent,uninterested,neutral(中立中立),humor,objectiveWhy isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read about is murder,bribery and death.Frankly,Im sick of all the bad news.Q:The authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.A.complain

16、 B.apologize C.amuse D.inform AOne of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is,of course,the voice of the advertisers.It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers;waves to us from every page of the newspaper;signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day an

17、d flashes to us in colored lights all night.例：例：The author appears _ modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to C.to dislike D.to know how to deal withC文章出处题的提问方式文章出处题的提问方式1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_2)The passage is most likely a part of_3)What may be talked about before

18、the first paragraph?/after the last paragraph?4)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss_这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。I m interested in the furnished cottage near Dedham which you made known in yes

19、terdays newspaper,for my husband and I are coming to England in June and will stay at the cottage for three months.Would you please tell me exactly where it is and give me some information about bus and train service in the area?We need a cottage on a busy street.And I would also like to know about

20、the shops there.Do the shops still supply?I know they did ten years ago.I would also be thankful if you would tell me whether you supply sheets,etc.,and whether a laundry(洗衣店)calls at the house.The rent(租金)you ask sounds reasonable for the size of the cottage.How do you like it paid?Weekly,monthly o

21、r in advance?I would be thankful for an early reply 1.This passage must be taken from a _.A.novel.B.letter.C.newspaper.D.diary.BWith the past in mind,preparations for 2006 season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personal sides.The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructe

22、d,with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President,thus enabling the company founder,Ove Anderson,more time to concentrate the operation of the race team at the track.Andersons value as an inspirational leader was one of the teams biggest asserts(财富)in 2005.Q:What will

23、the next paragraph talk about if the passage goes on?A.Preparations for the 2006 season.B.The value of Ove Anderson C.How to improve the European market?D.Changes on technical sideD常见几种文体的语篇结构常见几种文体的语篇结构说明文的基本结构：说明文的基本结构：2.2.议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构 3.记叙文的基本结构：记叙文的基本结构：4.夹叙夹议文的基本结构：夹叙夹议文的基本结构：说明文的基本结构：说明文的基

24、本结构：Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ExampleComparisonClassificationConclusion议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构Topic(Opinion)Arguments(Supporting sentences)factsexamplestheoryconclusion记叙文的基本结构：记叙文的基本结构：Story presentationTime cluesInverted time cluesEnding夹叙夹议文的基本结构：夹叙夹议文的基本结构：Story presentationconclusionopinionadvicesignificance