高中英语人教新教材选择性必修一unit1-2词汇用法知识点清单.doc

1、高中英语选必一词汇用法知识点unit11.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的(crucial)；充满生机的be vital for/to sth 对极其重要be of vital importance to.对至关重要It is vital that sb (should) do sth 某人做某事是极其重要的It is vital to do.做很重要eg. Faced with such a vital problem of life and death, he still kept calm, which made us all surprised.(人物描写)面对着这样重大的生

2、死问题， 他仍保持冷静，这使我们都很吃惊。mit vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)commit mistakes/a crime 犯错误/犯罪commit oneself to sth/doing sth/do sth专心致志于；承诺；保证(做某事、遵循协议或安排等)commit sth(time/money) to (doing) sth 投入时间/金钱(做)某事committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的be committed to (doing) sth 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事commitmentn.承诺，保证；花费；投入，忠于eg. I stro

3、ngly suggest that you (should)commit one hour to reading English，which will gradually improve your spoken English.(建议信)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。3.objective n.目标；目的(aim, purpose)adj.客观的【联想】发表“观点态度”：subjective adj.主观的neutral adj.中立的indifferent adj.漠不关心的unconcerned adj.漠不关心的4.evaluate vt.评价；评估；估计

4、evaluate sb on.根据评价某人evaluationn.估计，评价make an evaluation of.对进行评估eg. It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall qualities.(建议信)人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。5.property n.性质；特征；财产【联想】“财富，财产”相关名词小聚：fortunetreasurewealthpossessionsbelongings6.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；贏得vi.(规章、习俗

5、等)存在；流行obtain knowledge 获得知识obtain ones degree 获得学位obtain a scholarship 获得奖学金【同义】get, acquire, gain7.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)(recognize)；(公开)感谢acknowledge.to be/as.承认是/为acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事acknowledgedadj.公认的It is acknowledged that.是大家公认的acknowledgementn.承认；感谢eg. (全国卷书面表达)It is

6、universally acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.(影评)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，并且充满激情。8.defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜suffer a defeat 遭受失败accept/acknowledge defeat 接受/承认失败defeat an enemy 打败敌人be defeated 被打败eg. We hadnt made a full preparation; thats why we suffered a defeat.

7、(学校生活)我们没有做充分的准备，这就是我们遭受失败的原因。9.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然(obviously/evidently)As is apparently shown in the picture/passage above.正如上面图画/文中所明显展示的那样apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的It is apparent (to sb) that.(对某人来说)显然eg. Apparently, he has made full preparations for the interview.It is apparent thathe has

8、made full preparations for the interview.显然，他为这次面试做了充分的准备。10.insist vt. & vi.坚持；坚决要求(1)“insist (坚决要求/主张) that.”， 从句用虚拟语气；(2)“insist (坚持说/认为) that.”， 从句用陈述语气；(3)“insist on/upon(doing) sth”意为“坚持(做)某事”。【联想】词根-sist的单词集锦：consist vi.由组成assist v.协助resist v.抵抗persist vt.坚持11.conclusion n.结论；推论come to/reach/

9、arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论concludevt. & vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结concludeconclude sth以结束eg. In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain and sunshine.(季节描写)总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。12.flee vi. & vt.迅速离开；逃跑【联

10、想】ABB型不规则动词：fleefledfledbendbentbentlendlentlentmeetmetmetunderstandunderstoodunderstoodthinkthoughtthought13.circumstance n.usually pl.条件；环境；状况under/in no circumstances 绝不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下eg. Furthermore，under no circumstancesis puni

11、shment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.另外，惩罚绝不是一种帮助他们在精神和身体方面健康成长的明智的选择。14.novelist n.小说家【联想】词缀-ist表示“从事的人”：artartist 艺术家sciencescientist科学家journaljournalist新闻工作者economyeconomist经济学家pianopianist钢琴家physicsphysicist物理学家15.consequence n.结果；后果as a consequence 因此；结果as a consequ

12、ence of 由于的缘故consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequentlyadv.因此；结果eg. I didnt keep my promise.As a consequence,he doesnt keep in touch with me any longer.我没有遵守我的诺言。 结果，他不再和我联系了。16.take up a position 担任；任职take up 接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间)take off 脱掉；起飞；成名；开始成功take in 接受；收留；理解；明白；欺骗take on 雇用；呈现(新面貌等)；承担take over

13、 接管；接收eg. He has made up his mind to take up a position as a doctor in the future.(人物介绍)他已下定决心将来当一名医生。17.remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的be remarkable for 因引人注目remarkn.谈论；评论 v.谈论；评论remark on/upon.谈论/评论remark that.谈到/说起make a remark/remarks on/upon.对发表评论/看法remarkablyadv.显著地；非常地eg. The teacher made a remark on

14、my essay, adding that it was well written, which made me proud.(演讲稿)老师评论我的文章写得很好，这让我很自豪。18.sum vi.总结；概括 n.金额；款项；总数；总和sum up 总结；概括a large sum of 一大笔；大量的【联想】“总而言之”的表达：to sum up，in conclusion，in short，in brief，in a word，all in allunit21.persuade vt.劝说；说服(convince)persuade sb to do sth/into doing sth说服某

15、人做某事persuade sb not to do sth/out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事persuade sb of sth/persuade sb that.使某人相信persuasionn.劝说；说服persuasiveadj.有说服力的eg. (2020新高考卷读后续写)I managed to persuade him to approve of my plan to sell popcorn from door to door.我成功地说服他同意了我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划。2.switch vt.转换；交换 vi. & vt.(使)改变；转变 n.开关；转换器；

16、改变eg. (2020浙江7月卷)In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.在贝尔维尤，转向可调节式交通信号灯是积极尝试新方法价值的一课。There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.墙上有一个开电灯的开关。All mobile phones must be switched offduring lessons.(学校生活)上课期间必须关闭所有手机。He starte

17、d studying history but then switched over to architecture.他开始学习历史，但后来转向建筑。3.instant n.瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的in an instantinstantly 立刻；马上for an instant 一瞬间the instantinstantly 一就【联想】表示“一就”， 引导时间状语从句的连词还有：immediately, as soon as, directly, the moment, the minute，hardly.when.，no sooner.than.mand n.指令；命令；

18、控制；(尤指对语言的)掌握；运用能力 vt.命令；控制at ones command 受某人支配take command of 控制have a good command of 掌握；精通under the command of 在的指挥下command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that.(should) do sth 命令做某事eg. I am writing to apply to be your teaching assistant，because not only do I have a good command ofEnglish but also I

19、 am good at communicating with others.(申请信)我写信申请成为您的助教，因为我不仅精通英语，而且善于和其他人交流。5.obey vi. & vt.服从；遵守obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则disobeyvt. & vi.不服从；违抗【联想】dis-否定前缀高频词集锦：agreedisagreevi.不同意likedislikevt.不喜欢appeardisappearvi.消失trustdistrustvt.不信任6.warning n.警告；警示；先兆without warning 不预先通知；突然地warnv.提醒注意；劝告；

20、警告；告诫warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人(不要)做某事warn sb against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事eg. The teacher warned us not to carrymobile phones into the examination room.The teacher warned us against carryingmobile phones into the examination room.(学校生活)老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场。7.potential adj.可能的；潜在的 n.潜力；可能性the potential f

21、or (doing) sth (做)某事的可能性/潜力have the potential to do sth 有潜力做某事achieve/realize ones potential 发挥某人的潜能potentiallyadv.可能地， 潜在地eg. As a teacher, I try my best to encourage my students to realize their full potential.(演讲稿)作为一名老师， 我努力鼓励学生发挥他们的最大潜力。8.relevant adj.有关的；有意义的be relevant to.和有关relevant experien

22、ce 相关工作经验relevantlyadv.有关地；切题地【联想】“与相关/有关”的表达小结：be related tobe linked tohave sth to do withbe connected witheg. You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative.只要它是有趣的且信息丰富，你可以写任何相关的东西。9.catch fire 着火make a fire 生火light/start a fire 点火put out the fire 扑灭火set fire to sthse

23、t sth on fire 纵火烧be on fire 着火(表状态)eg. When he arrived, he found the house wasstill on fire.他到的时候， 发现那幢房子还在燃烧。10.nevertheless adv.尽管如此；不过；然而【联想】由“然而， 但是”想到的：but conj.但是however adv.然而，可是yet conj.但是，还though adv.不过，然而bine vt. & vi.(使)结合；混合combine with.与结合combine.with/and.把与结合起来combinationn.结合；联合；化合(物)i

24、n combination with.与联合起来【联想】有“分”也有“合”：associate 联合unite 联合separate 使分离divide 分开12.oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠oppose sth/doing sth 反对(做)某事opposedadj.反对的；对立的be opposed to(doing) sth 反对(做)某事【同义】disagree withbe againstobject tohold negative attitudes towardseg. With all of my friends opposed to my plan，I couldnt

25、 resist sobbing sadly.(悲伤心理描写)我所有的朋友都反对我的计划，我忍不住伤心地哭了。13.absence n.不存在；缺乏；缺席in ones absence 某人不在时in the absence of 不在；缺少absentadj.缺席的；心不在焉的be absent from 不参加；缺席eg. My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my long absence from school.(感谢信)很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。【反义】presence14.a

26、dvocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护n.提倡者；支持者；拥护者advocate doing sth 提倡做某事advocate that/It is advocated that.(should) do sth 提倡(应该)做某事an advocate of.的提倡者eg. It is advocated thatschools (should) organize more activities for students and leave students more time for activities by giving them less homework.(学校生活)有人主张学校应

27、为学生组织更多的活动，通过减少学生的家庭作业，让学生有更多的时间参加活动。15.keep in touch (with) (与)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)(表示动作)stay/be in touch with 与保持联系(状态)lose touch with 与失去联系(动作)be out of touch with 与失去联系(状态)get in touch with 与取得联系(动作)eg. Keeping in touch withour friends is an important part of friendship.(人际关系)和朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分。16.

28、resist vi. & vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡resist sb/sth 抵抗/抵制某人/某物resist doing sth 反对做某事cant resist doing sth 忍不住做某事resistancen.抵制；反对；抵抗resistance to sth 反对某事resistantadj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistant to 对有抵抗力；抵制eg. As the coat was a bargain at such a low price, I couldnt resist the temptation to buy it.(心理活动)因为这件外套售价实在便宜，我抵不住诱惑买了下来。6