5.2-重点句型语法剖析-高二英语上学期人教版必修五同步复习全攻略-Word版含解析.doc

1、重点句型语法剖析三、重点句型剖析1. unless引导的条件状语从句【教材原句】Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。【方法规律】(1)unless是连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导的是一个肯定条件状语从句，从句有时可以与if not 引导的否定状语从句互换。(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。例

2、：The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. 校园自行车限速每小时15英里，除非另有公告。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold. 除非下雨或天很冷，否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。即学即练(1)用ifnot改写句子。Unless you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is._I want you to kee

3、p working unless I tell you to stop._【答案】 If you have not tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is.I want you to keep working if I dont tell you to stop.【解析】本题主要考查条件状语从句(2)完成句子_, you can refer to the dictionary.如果有必要，你可以查字典。You will fail in French _.你要是再不加把劲，法语就考不及格了。It is known to all that _ r

4、egularly, you wont keep fit.众所周知，除非你经常锻炼，否则身体不会健康。【答案】If (it is) necessaryunless you work harderunless you exercise【解析】本题主要考查条件状语从句2. be doing when “正在做这时突然”【教材原句】John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。【方法规律】be doing when “正在做这时突然”，when为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and at t

5、his/that time。be about to do when 正要做这时(突然) be on the point of doing when 正要做这时(突然)had just done when 刚做完这时(突然)即学即练(1)We _ the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论问题，这时停电了。(2)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.I _ my best friend encouraged me to go on.我正要放弃这时我

6、最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。(3)They _ three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.他们刚走了三英里，突然意识到他们的身份证忘在家里了。【答案】(1)were discussing(2)was on the point of giving up when(3)had just covered【解析】本题主要考查be doing when 句型的用法四、重点语法突破省略在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。英语中的种种省略有

7、如下情况：(一)简单句中的省略1. 省略主语(1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略如：(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。(2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法如：a. (I) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。b. (It) Doesnt matter. 没关系。2. 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分如：a. (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽烟b. (Is there) anything else? 还有其他事吗？c. (You come) This way please. 请这边走d. (Will you) Have a s

8、moke? 抽烟吗？3. 省略谓语a. Who (comes) next? 该谁了？b. Well do the best we can (do). 我们将尽力而为。4. 省略宾语如：Do you know Mr. Li? 你认识李先生吗？I dont know (him.) 我不认识他。5. 省略表语如：Are you thirsty? 你30岁了吗？Yes, I am (thirsty). 是的，我是。6. 省略状语He was not hurt. (How) Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！7. 同时省略几个成分 a. Are you feeling better now? 你觉得

9、好些了吗？(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。b. (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运/祝你顺利。(二)并列复合句中的省略在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。To

10、m must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。(三)主从复合句中的省略1. 状语从句中的省略一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether, if, unless等引导的条件状语从句；由though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由as, than等引导的比较

11、状语从句；由as, as if, as though等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：连词(as, as if, once) + 名词；连词(though, whether, when) + 形容词；连词(whether, as if, while) + 介词短语；连词(when, while, though) + 现在分词；连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as) + 过去分词；连词(as if, as

12、 though) + 不定式。如：a. Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. 趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。b. He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something. 他到处看似乎在找什么东西。c. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。注意：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略，如：Her father told her to be care

13、ful when (she was) crossing the street. 当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词的结构。如：Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。2. 定语从句中的省略(1)一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom可以省略；如：Is this reason (

14、that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗？而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which, whom不可以省略。试比较：Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了，你昨天见到他了。(2)在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词when, where和why经常用that来代替，甚至还

15、可省略。如：This is the first time (when/that) he had trouble with the boss. 这是他第一次麻烦老板。(3)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句应该用that或in which来引导，或省略。如：I dont like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。3. 宾语从句中的省略(1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。如：I think

16、 (that) the reform of the renminbis exchange rate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。(2)由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。如：He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad). 他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。4. 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should +动词原形”

17、，should可以省略。如：Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms. 法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。5. 主句省略多用于句首。如：(It is a) Pity that I didnt go to Marys birthday party yesterday. 很遗憾，我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。6. 在答语中，主句可全部省略。如：Why were you a

18、bsent from school last Friday?(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.上周五你为什么没有上学？因为我妈妈病了。(四)动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。如：You can

19、do it this way if you like to. 如果你想做，你可以这么做。2. 不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，这些动词常见的有：ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn等。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.那个男孩想在街上骑他的自行车，但他母亲不让。3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见的形容词有：hap

20、py, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。如：I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?Not at all. Id be happy to (look after your cat).我要出差，你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗？没关系，我很愿意。4. 不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如：He doesnt like fish but he used t

21、o. 他现在不喜欢吃鱼，但过去喜欢。5. 动词不定式to的省略(1)主语部分有to do，系动词is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省去to。如：The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。2. 作介词but, expect, besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to。如：In the park, the child had nothing to do except play with lavish toys, such as the toy theatre, the steam driv

22、en train, jack-in-the-boxes and beautiful dolls. 在公园里，孩子除了玩玩具剧院、蒸汽火车、盒子里的杰克和漂亮的洋娃娃外，什么也没做。3. 主语部分暗含to do，表语中的不定式通常省去to。如：All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard. 我想要（做）的就是上学，努力学习。4. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。如：It is easier to say than to do. 说起来容易，做起来难。5. 在would ratherthan等结构中，

23、不定式符号常常要省略。如：I would rather stay at home than go to see a film. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。6. 在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to；why (not) do 结构中, 不定式不带to。如：a. I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间。b. Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢？(五)其他一些省略结构1. 名词所有

24、格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：We spent the weekend at the Marys. 我们在玛丽家过的周末。2. What和how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词。如：What a wonderful victory (it is) for Tom! 这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀！How beautiful (it is) to be treated like a normal child. 被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。即学即练1. The global warming, if no

25、t properly _, might lead to more natural disasters.A. was controlled B. controlledC. to control D. being controlled【答案】B2. If you go to Jiuzhaigou Valley today, youll find it more attractive than commonly _.A. supposing B. supposedC. to suppose D. suppose【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。suppose与其逻辑主语it是动宾关系，所以用过

26、去分词形式表被动。3. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her bicycle.A. As she lost B. LostC. Losing D. Because of losing【答案】C【解析】问句问的是“什么让Mary如此不开心？”，回答应该用名词或名词短语或句子，实际上完整的答语是losing her bicycle made Mary so upset。4. You should have thanked her before she left.I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt f

27、ind her anywhere.A. to do B. toC. doing D. doing so【答案】B5. Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?_.A. I dont believe B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。回答“我不这么认为”应该用I believe not。6. _ for the free ticket, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. I

28、f it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If there were to【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气和省略的用法。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，if省略，had/should/were提前。7. John plays football _, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well asC. so well D. so well as【答案】B【解析】考查同级比较结构。表示“和一样好”用as well as，as well意为“也；同样地；还不如；此外”。8. Children must

29、 be taught to act with good manners when _.A. speaking to B. spoken toC. are speaking D. spoken of【答案】B【解析】考查省略。when spoken to是when they are spoken to 的省略。9. She left home without dinner as if _.A. she is angryB. being angryC. to be angry D. angry【答案】D10. Many scientists believe that global warming, if _, will cause extreme climate changes this century.A. not stopping B. not stopC. not stoppedD. without stop【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。if后省略了主语及系动词be。