1、中考英语宾语从句知识点宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句,常位于及物动词或介词之后,作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的,常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why等,宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有三种:1)that;2)whether/ if;3)特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等。如:He saidthathe could help me.他说他能够帮助我。Your mother askedifyou could fini
2、sh your work this week.你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell mewhenthe sports meeting will begin?你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗?以that引导的宾语从句:that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分,that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。如:Do you think (that) it will rain?你认为天会下雨吗?He said (that) he could come on time.他说他会准时来的。以whether或if引导的宾语从句:从属
3、连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。如:Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。【注】以下情况一般只用whether不用if。1)接带to的动词不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the z
4、oo.她不知道是不是去动物园。2)与or not连用时。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time.他能否准时来,我说不准。特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句:此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。如:Could you tell me which gate we have to
5、 go to?请问我们得走哪个门?He didnt tell me how long he would stay here.他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。二、宾语从句的时态如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。如:My teacher says he will be back in a week.(一般将来时)我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。My teacher says he is watching TV.(现在进行时)我的老师说他正在看电视。My teacher says he has seen the movie.(现在完成时)我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。如果主句
6、是一般过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去时态。如:My father said he was watching TV at that time.(过去进行时)我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。My father said the he had already seen the movie.(过去完成时)我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。【注】如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时,用一般现在时。如:Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.(一般现在时)我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。三、宾语从句的否定转移主句如果是I thin
7、k/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等,从句的否定一般要转移到主句中,其反意疑问句与从句一致。如:I dont think theyll wait to the last minute,will they?我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟,他们会吗?I dont believe he did this, did he?我相信他不会做这样的事,他会吗?四、直接引语和间接引语直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出;如:He said (that) the bank was near the hotel.间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。,
8、如:He wondered if/whether the workers had finished the work.直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。【直接引语变间接引语】直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrownext weekthis weekthat weeknext weekthe next week地点状语two weeks agotwo weeks before谓语动词last monththe month agoherethere3