2018北京中考英语解析.pdf

1、0 1 2 2018 年北京市高级中等学校招生考试 英语试卷 姓名：_ 准考证号:_考场号:_座位号:_ 考生须知 1.本试卷共 10 页，共五道大题，39 道小题，满分 60 分，考试时间 90 分钟。 2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。 3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。 4.在答题卡上，选择题用 2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹铅字笔作答。 5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。 知识运用（共 14 分） (2018北京中考）一、单项填空（共 6 分，每小题 0.5 分） 从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以

2、填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.(2018北京中考）My brother and I like football. _ play it together once a week. A. I B. They C. We D. You C【解析】考查人称代词辨析。空处代指 My brother and I 两人，所以用人称代词 we。故选 C。 2.(2018北京中考）Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift _ you. A. for B. in C.with D.from A【解析】考查介词辨析。根据句意判断：Peter，生日快乐！这是送你的一份礼物。表示“为了；给”

3、用介 词 for。故选 A。 3.(2018北京中考）_ do you usually go to school, Mary? By bike. A. When B. How C. Where D. Why B【解析】考查疑问副词辨析。答语表示方式，提问用副词 How。故选 B。 4. (2018北京中考）Many people like pandas _ they are cute. A. though B. if C. while D. because D【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们可爱。表示原因用连词 because。故选 D。 5. (2018北京中考）I _

4、go now, or Ill miss my train. A. can B. might C. must D. Could C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。can 能；可以；might 可能；must 必须；一定；could 会；可能；可以。根 据句意判断：我现在必须走了，否则我会赶不上火车了。故选 C。 6. (2018北京中考）Tony is _ of the three boys, but he is the tallest. A. young B. younger C. is reading D. has read D【解析】考查形容词比较等级辨析。根据 of the three boy

5、s 判断，三者以上比较用最高级；最高级形式前 用定冠词 the。故选 D。 7. (2018北京中考）Bill likes reading. He _ picture books with his dad every evening. A. read B. Reads C. is reading D. has read B【解析】考查动词时态。根据 every evening 判断句中使用一般现在时，主语 He 是第三人称单数，所以 动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选 B。 8. (2018北京中考）Paul, what were you doing at nine last night? I _

6、 a movie in the cinema with my friends. A. was watching B.watch C. have watched D. will watch A【解析】 考查动词时态。 根据问句中的时间 “at nine last night”判断句中动作表示过去时刻正在发生的事情， 用过去进行时。故选 A。 (2018北京中考） 3 9. (2018北京中考）David is a tennis player. He _ to play tennis when he was six years old. A. begins B. will begin C. beg

7、an D. has begun C【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语从句 when he was six years old 判断主句时态使用过去时。故选 C。 10. (2018北京中考）Lucy, is your uncle a teacher? Yes, he is. He _ history for nearly 20 years. A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach B【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语 for nearly 20 years 判断句中使用现在完成时。故选 B。 11. (2018北京中考）A n

8、ew international airport _ in the city next year. A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed D【解析】考查被动语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成动宾关系，应该使用被动语态 ； 根据句中时间状语 next year 判断使用一般将来时。故选 D。 12. (2018北京中考）Alice, could you tell me _ London? Sure. Last Sunday. A. when Mr. Smith left B.when Mr. Smith w

9、ill leave B. when did Mr. Smith leave D. when will Mr. Smith leave A【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句使用陈述语序，排除 C、D 两项；根据答语时间 last Sunday 判断使用 一般过去时。故选 A。 二、完形填空(共 8 分，每小题 1 分）(2018北京中考） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 (2018北京中考）Real Solutions(解决方法) to Problems Thirty engineers were working as a team i

10、n a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems. One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the cen

11、ter, full of flat balloons. The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的) balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldnt blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure(压力). Those who fa

12、iled to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a result 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room. here and there. The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on. All the 25 engineers began t

13、o search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the the right one. The second level of the game was over. Then came the final level. The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to the person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minu

14、tes. all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers. The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems. 13. A. game B. show C. concert D. party 14. A. purposes B. suggestions C. thoughts D. pl

15、ans 15. A. quietly B.carefully C. secretly D. clearly 16. A. honest B. ready C. patient D. successful 17. A. checked B. helped C. ruled D. cheated 18. A. collected B. weighed C. tied D. cleaned 19. A. mark B. hide C. number D. find 20. A. freed B. reached C. lifted D. hit (2018北京中考） 4 体裁 记叙文 话题 合作 字

16、数 282 13.A【解析】考查前后文理解。根据第四段第一句句意“那些没能在气球上写上名字的工程师被排除出了 游戏。”可知，这些工程师被召集在一个大厅里做游戏。故选 A。 14.C【解析】考查名词辨析。purpose 目的；suggestion 建议；thought 想法；plan 计划。句意：他们都很惊 讶，带着各种不同的想法来到了大厅。故选 C。 15.B【解析】考查副词辨析。quietly 安静地；carefully 仔细地；认真地；secretly 秘密地；clearly 清晰地。 句意：然后他们被要求不把气球弄爆的情况下在各自的气球上小心地写上各自的名字。故选 B。 16.D【解析】

17、考查形容词辨析。honest 诚实的；ready 准备好的；patient 耐心的；successful 成功的。根据 下句句意“五个气球因为压力（过大）爆了”推断此句表示并非每个人都成功了。故选 D。 17.C【解析】考查动词短语。check out 检查；help out 帮助解决；rule out 排除；取消；clean out 清扫。句 意：那些没能在气球上标注姓名的工程师被取消（参加下面的）游戏。故选 C。 18.A【解析】考查动词辨析。collect 收集；weigh 称重；tie 捆绑；clean 清理。句意：所有带名字的气球被 收集起来胡乱地放在了一个房间内。故选 A。 19.

18、D【解析】考查动词辨析。mark 标记；hide 掩藏；number 计数；find 发现。句意：将近十五分钟过去 了，依然没有人能找到自己的气球。 故选 D。 20.B【解析】考查动词短语。reach the hands 拿到手。故选 B。 阅读理解（共 36 分） 三、 阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容， 从短文后各题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中， 选择最佳选项。 (2018北 京中考） （共 26 分，每小题 2 分） Roger: Hi, there! It was my 15th birthday last Saturday. Some of my friends and A

19、lan. my cousin, came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift. We had a party. We played games. sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week? Jessica: Yes. My class were on a school field trip last week. First, we went to the Univers

20、ity of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars were students there! Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented and took many pictures there. Sara:Well. I was lucky enough to go to a conference(会议) on charity(慈善) last Wednesda

21、y. I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he has done in the past few years. Martin: It was a different week than usual. Last Thursday, my school band(乐队) went to Atlanta to perform in a competi

22、tion. I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday, we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from all over the world. It was really cool! 21. When did Roger have his birthday party? A. Last Wednesday. B. B. Last Thursday. C. Last Friday. D. Last Saturday. 22. W

23、ho went on a school field trip last week? A. Alan. B. B.Jessica. C. Sara. D. Richard 23. Martin went to Atlanta to _. A. speak at a conference B. organize a party 5 C. perform in a competition D. visit a university (2018北京中考） 体裁 记叙文 话题 校园生活 词数 220 【主旨大意】本文通过四位同学对上周活动的描述向我们展示了他们多彩的生活。Roger 上周六过 15 岁生

24、 日；Jessica 上周参加了学校组织的野外旅行；Sara 上周三参加了一场慈善会议；Martin 所在的学校乐队上 周四参加了一场比赛并获奖；周五去了水族馆。 21.D 【解析】细节考查题。根据 Roger 所说“It was my 15th birthday last Saturday”可知，他的生日派对是在 上周六。故选 D。 22.B 【解析】细节考查题。根据第二段 Jessica 所说“My class were on a school field trip last week”可知，参 加学校野外旅行的是 Jessica。故选 B。 23.C 【解析】细节考查题。根据 Marti

25、n 所说“Last Thursday, my school band went to Atlanta to perform in a competition”可知，乐队去 Atlanta 是参加比赛。故选 C。 (2018北京中考）B A Beautiful Moment When I was in high school, I worked part time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by with

26、 his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French). “Theyre good!” I knew it was French, because I can speak and understand it. Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. A

27、t first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together. I was sure s

28、he was blind. Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helpin

29、g their mom pick the fruits out. Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits,

30、as the two kids did. It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didnt tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day. 24. The woman and her kids came to the market to buy _. A. fruits B. vegetables C. candies D. toys 25. Accordin

31、g to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldnt _. A. speak B. see C. smell D. hear 26. The writer was moved because _. A. the mother was brave to face her problems B. the kids were polite and kind to each other C. the mother was careful in picking out things D. the kids were so willing to

32、help their mother (2018北京中考） 体裁 记叙文 话题 故事 词数 309 24. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“They were looking the fruits in front of me”判断这位女士和她的孩子要买 6 水果。故选 A。 25. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“ I was sure she was blind（我相信她是盲人）”推断可 知她看不见。故选 B。 26. D 【解析】综合推断题。综合第四段内容可知，作者深受两个孩子的感动是因为他们在如此年龄就自 愿帮助母亲干活，而不是像同龄人一样去挑选糖果玩具。故选 D。 (2018

33、北京中考）C Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and gray matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function(认知功能). This is the main co

34、nclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health. The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded-using the information on the childrens addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Bra

35、in structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging(MR). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中) were graded with computers. “This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure.” says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher

36、of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.” The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them a

37、re related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness. Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children Another study of 2,593 children shows t

38、hat children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness. Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly. green space is thought to prompt impor

39、tant exercises in discovery. creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development. Dr. Dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests t

40、he lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities. Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other population, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of gre

41、en space. 27. The second paragraph is mainly about_. A. how the study was performed B. what was recorded in the study C. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study 28. The word “prompt” in Paragraph 6 probably means “_”. A. control B. encourage C. balance D. change 29. What can we learn

42、 from the passage? A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain. B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment. C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain. D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.

43、 题材 说明文 话题 科普知识（绿色空间对大脑认知的影响） 词数 395 【主旨大意】本文是一篇科普文章，主要讲述了绿色空间对大脑认知的一个影响。巴塞罗那全球健康 7 研究所通过调查在校学生发现，在生活中多接触绿色空间，对学生的认知功能有积极影响，并且增强工作 记忆，减轻注意力不集中。 27. A 段落主旨归纳题。第二段主要介绍了本次调查研究是如何进行的，因此选 A。 28. B 词义猜测题。 Accordingly. green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery. creativity and risk t

44、aking. 相应地，绿色空间被认为能在发现力、创造力和冒险中促进重要的锻炼。prompt 是促进， 鼓舞的意思。control 是控制， encourage 是鼓励 balance 是平衡 change 是改变，只有 encourage 的感情色 彩是正面的，因此选 B。 29. D综合推断题。本文主要讲述了绿色空间对大脑认知的影响，文章分别从第三段、第四段、 第五段、第 六段以及第七段论证该观点。D项 “居住在绿化更好的社区有助于孩子们大脑的发育”符合文意，故选D。 (2018北京中考）D We often reach a point in our life when we should

45、be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, theres always something staring at us right under our nose but we dont see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst. When do we realize that we need to change die

46、ts? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult. The only

47、tune most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it. Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are

48、all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize its for our own good. Happy people dont just accept change, they embrace(拥抱) it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way

49、we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change. Jane always tells everyone that she doesnt have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come. she steps back and locks herself up