2018山东临沂中考英语解析.pdf

1、 2018 年临沂市初中学业水平考试试题 英 语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第 I 卷 (选择题) 和第卷 (非选择题) 两部分，共 10 页。满分 100 分，考试时间 100 分钟。 答卷前，考生务必用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 2. 答题注意事项见答题卡，答在本试卷上不得分。 第 I 卷(选择题 共 55 分) 一、听力测试(共 15 小题，计 15 分) 注意：听力测试分四部分，共 20 小题。做题时，请先将答案画在试卷上，录音内容结束后，将所选答案 转涂到答题卡上。 (一) (2018山东

2、临沂) 听句子, 选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。 1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ (二) (2018山东临沂) 听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。 6. A. Hardly ever. B. Once a month. C. Twice a month. 7. A. Because she had a headache. B. Because she looked after her sister. C. Because she stayed up to watch a film. 8. A. He likes musicians who pl

3、ay different kinds of music. B. He likes musicians who write their own songs. C. He likes musicians who play quiet and slow songs. 9. A . Its on the top of the fridge. B. Its on the table by the door. C. Its in Susan s schoolbag. 10. A. She is walking across the fields. B. She is swimming in the poo

4、l. C. She is playing tennis with her friend. (三) (2018山东临沂) 听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表 示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有 20 秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。 11. In the forest, one redwood (红杉) tree was 70 meters tall and 1000 years old. 12. When Julia lived in the tree-house, her family cooked food for her every day. 13. J

5、ulia used her mobile phone to talk to news reporters when she was in the tree. 14. In the end, Julia failed and the redwood tree was cut down. 15. Finally, Julia stayed in the tree for eight days. 请考生们翻到第 7 页，先找到第四大题。你们将有 5 秒钟的准备时间。 二、单项填空(共 15 小题，计 15 分) 选择最佳答案。 (2018山东临沂) 16. The bed piano allows

6、a music lover to play _ piano while he is lying in bed. A. a B. an C. / D. the 16. D 考查冠词的用法。句意：钢琴床允许音乐爱好者躺在床上的时候，弹奏钢琴。play 后跟乐器，乐器 前用定冠词 the。故选 D。 (2018山东临沂) 17. Did you read your favorite books _ April 23? It was World Book Day. A. for B. at C. on D. in 17. C 考查介词的用法。句意：在四月二十三日，你读了你最喜欢的书了吗？那天是世界读书

7、日。在具体 某一天前用介词 on。故选 C。 (2018山东临沂) 18. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops were open. A. all B. both C. nothing D. none 18. D 考查不定代词的辨析。句意：我们不能买任何东西，因为没有一家商店是开门的。all 表示“三者或 三者以上都”；both 表示“两者都”，nothing 表示“什么也没有”，none 表示“三者或三者以上没有一个”。表 示“三者或三者以上一个都不”，应用 none。故选 D。 (2018山东临沂) 19. Could you pl

8、ease speak a little louder? I _ hear you very well. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 19. A 考查情态动词的辨析。句意：请你说大点声好吗？我不能很好地听到你说的话。cant 不能；mustnt 禁止；不允许；shouldnt 不应该；neednt 不需要。表示“不能够”，应用 cant。故选 A。 (2018山东临沂) 20. Jane _ to call me last night, but she didnt. A. supposed B. supposes C. was supposed

9、 D. is suppose 20. C 考查动词的被动语态。句意 ： 詹妮昨天晚上应该打电话给我的，但她没有。be supposed to 意为“应该 ； 被期望”。由下文语境“她没打电话”可知是“应该”，应用 be supposed to do sth；其次根据句中的 last night， 此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选 C。 (2018山东临沂) 21. They _ about a comedy this time yesterday. A. were talking B. are talking C. have talked D. will talk 21. A 考查动词的时态

10、。句意：昨天这个时候，他们正在谈论一个喜剧片。根据句中的时间状语 this time yesterday，可知该句的时态应用过去进行时，表示“过去某个时间正在发生的动作”。故选 A。 (2018山东临沂) 22. Of all the blue holes in the world, Sansha Yongle Blue Hole in the South China Sea is now _. It is 300.89 meters deep. A. deeper B. very deep C. as deep as D. the deepest 22. D 考查形容词的最高级。句意 ： 在

11、世界上所有海洋蓝洞中，中国南海三沙永乐龙洞是最深的。它 300.89 米深。根据 of all 和 in the world 表示范围的词，可知此处应用形容词的最高级。故选 D。 (2018山东临沂) 23. I didnt see you _ in. You must have been very quiet. A. comes B. to come C. come D. have come 23. C 考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有看见你进来，你一定是悄悄地进来的。本题考查 see sb. do sth. 意 为“看见了某人做某事”。故选 C。 (2018山东临沂) 24. When you

12、 are in your school dining hall during lunchtime, you may feel lonely _ you can find someone to have lunch with. A. if B. unless C. after D. because 24. B 考查连词的用法。句意：在午饭期间，当你在学校餐厅时，除非你发现有人和你一起吃午饭，否则 你可能感到孤独。表示“除非”，应用 unless，相当于 if not。故选 B。 (2018山东临沂) 25. The TV news reports that there _ a storm the

13、 day after tomorrow. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 25. C 考查动词时态。句意 ： 电视新闻报道称，后天将有暴雨。由时间状语 the day after tomorrow 判定谓语 动词应用一般将来时。故选 C。 (2018山东临沂) 26. A primary school in England has _ signs at its three entrances (入口), saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile. A. put into B. put off

14、C. put on D. put up 26. D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：英国的一所小学在它的三个入口处已经张贴了指示牌，上面写着：笑迎 你的孩子，而不是盯着你的手机。表示“张贴”，应用 put up。故选 D。 (2018山东临沂) 27. My grandparents like stories _ have happy endings. A. they B. who C. which D. / 27.C 考查定语从句。句意：我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。分析句子结构：stories 是先行词，表示物， 应用关系代词 which。故选 C。 (2018山东临沂) 28. Most Br

15、itish people drink tea every day _ they prefer black tea. They usually add milk or sugar to their tea. A. so B. or C. but D. and 28. C 考查连词辨析。句意：大部分英国人每天喝茶，但他们更喜欢喝红茶，他们通常在他们的茶里加牛 奶或糖。根据句意，前后两句表示转折关系，故选 C。 (2018山东临沂) 29. _ popular festival Halloween is in North America! A. What B. What a C. How D. Ho

16、w a 29. B 考查感叹句。句意：在北美，万圣节是一个多么受欢迎的节日啊！分析句子结构，此处强调的是可 数名词 festival，此处应用“What a/an + adj. + n.”。故选 B。 (2018山东临沂) 30. Excuse me, could you please tell me _ from here to the airport? Sure, Its about 100 kilometers. A. how far it is B. how long it takes C. how far is it D. how long does it take 30. A 考查

17、宾语从句。句意：请问，请你告诉我从这儿到飞机场多远？可以，大约 100 公里。宾 语从句应用陈述语序，排除选项 C、D；其次根据答语，可知本题询问距离。故选 A。 三、阅读理解(共 25 小题，计 25 分) (2018山东临沂) A (2018山东临沂) People already know a lot about animals. However, there are still some things about animals that may surprise you. Here are some facts about animals you probably didnt kno

18、w. Cows do have best friends and feel stressed when they are separated. Scientists have found that cows are very social animals and a cow always makes friends with other cows. When a cow is with its friends, it feels relaxed, compared with when it is alone. During breeding season, a male penguin (企鹅

19、) will offer a small stone to a female penguin as a gift. If she takes it, they will become partners. When the female penguin lays an egg, she and her partner may carry it on their feet, because some penguins dont build nests (鸟巢). Crocodiles (鳄鱼) swallow (吞) stones. Crocodiles always swallow their

20、food instead of eating it like other animals. They swallow stones which break the food into very small pieces in their stomachs. These stones may stay in their stomachs all their lives. Elephants use plants to treat pain or other illness. Scientists once found a pregnant (怀孕的) elephant in Africa who

21、 ate a kind of plant which was not part of her normal food. Four days later, she gave birth to a baby elephant. The same plant was used by the local pregnant women. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。 31. A cow hates making friends with other cows. 32. All the male penguins will build nests if the

22、 female penguins lay eggs. 33. Crocodiles swallow stones to help with digestion (消化). 34. Elephants eat plants only when they are hungry. 35. The passage mainly tells us some surprising facts about animals. 体裁 说明文 话题 动物 词数 234 【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了四种动物奶牛、企鹅、鳄鱼和大象一些不被人所知的生活习性。 31.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 Scientists

23、have found that cows are very social animals and a cow always makes friends with other cows.可判定，科学家发现奶牛喜欢与其它奶牛交朋友。故本句与原文事实 不符。故选 B。 32. B 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 When the female penguin lays an egg, she and her partner may carry it on their feet, because some penguins dont build nests (鸟巢).可知，并不是所有的企鹅将为筑巢。故选

24、 B。 33. A 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句 They swallow stones which break the food into very small pieces in their stomachs.可知，它们吞石头是为了把在它们肚子里的食物变小，从而帮助它们消化。故本句与文章事 实相符。故选 A。 34. B 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句 Elephants use plants to treat pain or other illness.可知，大象吃植物是 为了止痛或治病。故本句与文章事实不符。故选 B。 35. A 主旨大意题。 根据第一段最后一句 Here are so

25、me facts about animals you probably didnt know.可知， 本 文主要介绍了动物的一些不被人知（令人惊讶的）事实。故选 A。 (2018山东临沂) B (2018山东临沂) What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin (青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have

26、 a “staph” infection (葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death. Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Th

27、en they tried to kill it. Nothing worked. The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds (霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You cant see them. Theyre too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment (实验) fail.

28、 Thats why dishes are covered. Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth

29、 of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. “By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph.” This is how penicillin was found. But heres the real miracle (奇迹). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days be

30、fore. The cover was probably off only a few seconds (秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 36. During the experi

31、ments to find a medicine for staph infections, _. A. the dishes were not covered B. staph and mold were put together C. mold was kept in small dishes D. staph was grown in small dishes 37. The word “ dreaded” means “_”. A. famous B. scary C. health D. endangered 38. The last paragraph suggests that

32、_. A. accidents happen to everyone B. the careful person does not have accidents C. the careless person will miss valuable chances D. luck is enough when doing scientific experiments 39. Most of this passage is written by _. A. telling an unusual story B. showing the results of experiments C. offeri

33、ng some reasons D. giving some advice 40. This passage is mainly about _. A. medicine for a staph infection B. useful accidents C. Dr. Flemings research D. discovering penicillin 体裁 说明文 话题 发明与技术 词数 322 【主旨大意】本文介绍了青霉素在实验室的意外发现以及它的主要用途。 36. D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 They grew the staph in small dishes.可知，在实验的过

34、程中，葡萄球 菌是在密封的盘子里生长的。故选 D。 37. B 词义猜测题。根据第一段 You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection 可 知，葡萄球菌能让人生病，说明它“可怕的”。故选 B。 38. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph.可 知，有数以万计的霉菌，但只有一个能杀死葡萄球菌，从而可推断出只有细心的人才能发现霉菌杀死葡萄 球菌，故粗心的人是得

35、不得有价值的东西的。故选 C。 39. B 细节理解题。整篇文章都是通过实验介绍青霉素和霉菌是怎样被发现的。故选 B。 40. D 主旨大意题。本文介绍了青霉素在实验室的意外发现以及主要用途。故选 D。 (2018山东临沂) C 根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供 4145 小题选用， 第二个方框供 4650 小题选用。每个选项只能使用一次，每框有一项剩余。 A. since B. speakers C. our D. until E. included F. expresses (2018山东临沂) He was a poet (诗人) known

36、for the nostalgia (怀旧) he describes in his poems. Now, its time for us to express 41 nostalgia for this great writer. On December 14, 2017, the famous Chinese poet Yu Guangzhong passed away in Taiwan. He was born in 1928 in Nanjing, Jiangsu. Yu and his family moved to Taiwan in the 1950s. He lived a

37、nd worked there 42 his death. Nostalgia is Yus famous poem in which he 43 his homesickness (乡愁) for the Chinese mainland when he was in Taiwan. The poem came out in 1971, and it remains highly popular among Chinese 44 worldwide. Even those who know little about literature enjoy lines from the poem.

38、The poem is 45 in Chinese high school textbooks. A. translated B. writing C. stick to D. achievements E. give up F. successful (2018山东临沂) Besides his 46 in poems, Yu was also a 47 translator (翻译家), essay writer and critic. He once 48 English poet Siegfried Sassoons poem In Me, Past, Present, Future

39、Meet into Chinese. It is regarded as a perfect and powerful translation, in which the most famous line is “心有猛虎, 细嗅蔷薇” for “In me the tiger sniffs the rose”. Yu spent his whole life 49 . In a 2015 interview with People Daily, he said, “The reason why I 50 writing till today is my passion (热爱) for th

40、e Chinese language. ”He then added that his love for his mother and his motherland made this passion stronger. 答案：41._ 42._ 43._ 44._ 45._ 46._ 47._ 48._ 49._ 50._ 体裁 说明文 话题 人物故事 词数 266 【主旨大意】“乡愁诗人”余光中在台湾去世，他的著名诗歌乡愁 ，在海内外华人间广为传诵。他不仅在 诗歌方面卓有成就，而且在翻译和散文等方面也很成功。 41. C 句意：对我们来说，是该表达我们对这位伟大的作家怀念之时。分析句子结构

41、可知，此处填一个形 容词或相当于形容词的词。由上文 for us 可推理是“表达我们的怀念”。 42. D 句意：他住在和工作那里直到他去世。分析句子结构可知此处填介词，根据句意可知填 until。 43.F 句意：乡愁是余光中著名的诗，表达了他在台湾时对大陆恋恋不舍的一份情怀。分析句子结构可 知填动词。文章有“表达乡愁”之意。 44. B 句意：这首诗 1971 年出版，它在中外华人中广泛流传。 45. E 句意：这首诗被选入高中语文教材。 46. D 句意：除了他在诗词方面的成就外，余光中也是一位成功的翻译家，散文家和评论家。 47. F 句意：除了他在诗词方面的成就外，余光中也是一位成功

42、的翻译家，散文家和评论家。 48. A 句意：余光中把英国诗人西格夫里萨松的诗于我，过去，现在以及未来 翻译成汉语。 translateinto把翻译成 49. B 句意：余光中一生笔耕不辍。spend.(in) doing sth.做某事花费。 50. C 句意：直到今天我没有放弃写作的原因是我对汉语的热爱。give up doing sth.放弃做某事。 (2018山东临沂) D (2018山东临沂) Shanghai is one of the first cities in China to see bike sharing fever. Shared bikes can now be

43、 found all over the city. 51 On streets, we can often see riders of your age. Some might even be younger than you. Unluckily, there have been some accidents involving (涉及) shared bikes. 52 One of the most serious accidents took place in March. One Sunday afternoon, a boy was riding an ofo bike (共享单车

44、). He was hit by a bus and later died. The boys parents were not by his side. 53 He was only about 10 years old. The good news is that Shanghai has been trying to manage bike sharing by making rules. The rules are still being discussed, but some of the rules have been decided on. 54 Users must be be

45、tween 1. 45 and 1.95 meters tall. However, it could be hard to make these rules work. Ou Jing is ofos manager in Shanghai. He said the company had banned (禁止) children under 12 from using its service. Yet, young children can still be seen riding ofo bikes. Thats because many ofo bikes use manual (手动

46、的) locks. 55 Ofo has developed electronic locks. However, it will take some time for the company to fix the new locks on all of its bikes. Most of you are old enough to ride a shared bike. Still, please ride slowly for your own safety. When you finish using the bike, dont forget to park and lock it

47、properlyfor everybodys safety. 根据短文内容，从方框中选出五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容通顺完整。 A. If a user doesnt lock the bike properly after using it, anyone can ride it away. B. In fact, they are popular not only among adults but also among teens. C. All of the children under 12 have stopped riding ofo bikes. D. Besides, the boy was considered too young to ride a bike. E. For example, only people aged between 12 and 70 can ride shared bikes. F. These accidents warn us that shared bikes are not for everybody. 答案：51._ 52._ 53._ 54._ 55._ 体裁 议论文 话题 交通/热点话题 词数 267 【主旨