牛津译林版八年级英语上册Unit4Grammar课件.ppt

1、Grammar A1.祈使句的概念祈使句的概念 祈使句表示请求、命令等。它的主语是祈使句表示请求、命令等。它的主语是you（听话人），通常不说出。祈使句肯（听话人），通常不说出。祈使句肯定结构中的谓语动词一律用动词原形。祈定结构中的谓语动词一律用动词原形。祈使句末用感叹号或句号，句子用降调。使句末用感叹号或句号，句子用降调。2.祈使句的结构祈使句的结构 1)祈使句的肯定结构祈使句的肯定结构 V型（以行为动词原形开头），例如：型（以行为动词原形开头），例如：Sit down!坐下！坐下！Stand up!起立！起立！Be型（以型（以be开头），例如：开头），例如：Be quiet!安静！安静！B

2、e careful！小心！小心！Let型（以型（以let开头），例如：开头），例如：Let me try.让我试试看。让我试试看。Lets look at the map.让我们看看地图。让我们看看地图。lets是是let us的简略式。的简略式。表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上或句末加上please,构成句式：构成句式：Please 或或,please.以使语气更加缓和或客气。以使语气更加缓和或客气。例如：例如：Please stand up.或或 Stand up,please.请站起来。请站起来。Please have a rest.或或Ha

3、ve a rest,please.请休息一下。请休息一下。2)祈使句的否定结构，一律在肯定结构祈使句的否定结构，一律在肯定结构前加前加 Do not(Dont)。例如：。例如：Dont go there,please.请别去那儿。请别去那儿。Dont be late for class!上课别迟到！上课别迟到！Dont let him in.不要让他进来。不要让他进来。注意：注意：Lets型祈使句，其否定式也可用型祈使句，其否定式也可用 Lets not，例如：，例如：Lets not have rest.咱们别休息了。咱们别休息了。Lets not sit here!我们不要坐在这儿！我们不

4、要坐在这儿！to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuess1._ go to the hall,Mum.2._ up,Eddie!3.Great!_ celebrate.4._ have a hamburger.5._ eat apples.6.OK._ me ten.7._ go to the supermarket.8._ go down here.9._ afraid.C

5、ome with me.LetsWakeLetsLetsLetsGiveLetsLetsDont be10._ up,Eddie.11.Please _ me something to eat.12._ enjoy ourselves!13.We _ go back to the station now,Ken.14.I wont charge you this time.But you _ not do it again!15.Well,next time you _ take my advice!HurrybringLetshad betterhad betterhad better16.

6、He suggested that a double railway-tunnel _ be built.17.Of course,we _ arrest him 18.What _ we do?19._ them first.20.You _ get some tools.21._ it yourself.22._ it.should shouldshouldReadhad betterDoStopWhat should we do in the library?Keep the library quiet.Keep the library clean.Read the books care

7、fully.Keep the books cleanWhat shouldnt we do in the library?Dont make much noise.Dont write on the books.Dont talk to your classmates loudly.Dont take the books out of the library.Giving instructions We start a sentence(句子句子)with the base form of a verb when we want to tell people what to do.e.g.Pu

8、t up a picture on the wall.Paint the walls blue.We often add please in a sentence to make an instruction more polite.e.g.Please fix the shelf for me.Dont touch the wet paint,please.e.g.Dont paint the cat.We often add do not/dont in front of a verb when we want to tell people not to do something.Mill

9、ie is teaching her classmates how to make cards to help them remember things better.Look at the pictures and help Millie complete the instruction.How to make cards_ out pieces of card with a pair of scissors.Cut cut draw give keep look try write_ some words or a sentence on each card.Write cut draw

10、give keep look try write_ a picture about the words or sentence on the other side of the card.Draw cut draw give keep look try write_ at the picture and _ to remember what is on the other side.Look try cut draw give keep look try writePlease _(not)up._ trying,and you will find you can remember thing

11、s better.dont give Keep cut draw give keep look try writeHow to build a brick house?_ some bricks(砖块砖块)._ the walls with the bricks._ the windows and the doors._ sure the house is safe.FindBuildFixMake fixbuildmake findPark your bike here.Please go slowly.Be quiet,please.Dont make any noise.Dont swi

12、m here.Dont park your bike here.Dont smoke here.Dont fish here.1.剪出剪出2.写一些话或一个句写一些话或一个句 子子3.在每张卡上在每张卡上4.在卡的另一面在卡的另一面5.尝试做某事尝试做某事6.记住某事记住某事7.放弃放弃8.放弃某事放弃某事/做某事做某事9.坚持尝试坚持尝试10.把事情记得更好把事情记得更好 cut out write some words or a sentence on each card on the other side of the card try to do sth.remember sth.gi

13、ve up give up sth./doing sth.keep trying remember things betterUseful ExpressionsGrammar B当我们给他人提建议时，可以用当我们给他人提建议时，可以用had better和和should，表示，表示“最好最好”或或“应该应该”做某事，做某事，had better的语气比的语气比should强一强一些。些。You had better refrigerate the beer before drinking it.喝啤酒前你最好先把它冷冻一下。喝啤酒前你最好先把它冷冻一下。You should exercise

14、 more.你应该多锻炼。你应该多锻炼。had better(常简略为常简略为d better)，是一固定，是一固定词组，后面必须跟动词原形，没有人称和词组，后面必须跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。构成：数的变化。构成：had better do sth.句型。句型。Youd better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院看病。你最好立即去医院看病。Tom,youd better go there today.汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。had better 的否定式是将的否定式是将not直接放在直接放在had better的后面。的后面。Yo

15、u had better not miss the last bus.你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。should 后面也要跟动词原形，且没有人后面也要跟动词原形，且没有人称和数的变化。称和数的变化。You should stop smoking.你应该戒烟。你应该戒烟。should 的否定式是的否定式是should not/shouldnt。You shouldnt drink and drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。你不应该喝酒后开车。Using should and had betterWe use should and had better when givin

16、g advice and telling people what we think is the best or right thing to do.The tone of had better is stronger than should.e.g.You should know a little about DIY.You should not put so many books on the shelf.Your watch is broken.You had better buy a new one.You had better not be late for school.DIY a

17、dviceSuzy is giving DIY advice to her classmates.Read the advice below.Help Suzy make sentences with should(not)or had better(not).a begin your work without reading them b join a DIY club to learn more about it c be patient d buy some to learn more about it e play with them when you do DIY jobs1.The

18、re are many useful books about DIY.You should/had better buy some to learn more about it.2.DIY is not easy.You should/had better join a DIY club to learn more about it.You shouldnt/had better not begin your work without reading them.3.Instructions are important.You should/had better be careful when

19、you use them.4.Scissors can be dangerous.You should/had better be patient.5.Sometimes itll take time to do a DIY job.How to be a good studentYou _ be late for school.You _ listen carefully in class.should(not);had better(not)shouldnt/had better not should/had better Discuss and fill in the blanks.Yo

20、u _ look out of the window in class.You _ keep your classroom clean.You _ be friendly to others.should/had bettershouldntshould/had better I.单项选择。单项选择。1.The TV is too loud.Please _.A.turn it down B.to turn it down C.turn down it D.to turn down it2._ late again,Bill!A.Dont to be B.Dont be C.Not be D.

21、Be not3._ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A.Not B.Wont C.Doesnt D.Dont4._ me the truth,or Ill be angry.A.Telling B.To tell C.Told D.TellII.句型转换。句型转换。1.Will you please read it again more slowly?(改为祈使句改为祈使句)_ again more slowly,please.2.If you dont listen to me,Ill go.(改为同义句改为同义句)_ m

22、e,or Ill go.3.The teachers often tell the students not to be careless.(改为祈使句改为祈使句)_ careless,please.4.Please sit next to Nancy.(改为否定句改为否定句)_ next to Nancy.Read it Listen to Dont be Dont sitIII.完成句子。完成句子。1.你应该在南京换火车。你应该在南京换火车。_ change trains at Nanjing.2.你最好在下雨前回家。你最好在下雨前回家。_ before the rain starts.3.现在你最好别打棒球了。现在你最好别打棒球了。_ baseball now.4.不要把金鱼放在阳光下。不要把金鱼放在阳光下。_ the goldfish in the sun.You shouldYoud better go homeYou had better not playDont put1.Try to give instructions.2.Try to use should(not)and had better(not)to give advice.