1、ABSOLUTE MONARCHSCHAPTER 21Who are absolute monarchs?nKings or queens who held all power within their states boundariesnThey believed god created the monarchy and monarchs were Gods representative on earth(Divine Right)Phillip IInSon of Charles V ruler of the Holy Roman EmpirenBecame ruler of Spain,
2、Netherlands,and the Spanish American coloniesnCreated and empire that circled the globePhillip IInDefender of Catholicism against Muslims and ProtestantsnDefeated Ottomans at Battle of Lepanto(1571)nSpanish Armada destroyed by England(1588)nSpanish empire never recoversLouis XIVBackgroundGrandfather
3、 Henry IV enacted the Edict of NantesCardinal Richelieu helped Louis dad establish control of FranceLouis BackgroundnLouis became king at 4 years old when his father diednLouis grew hate the nobility,because of the riots that tore France apart during his childhoodHow Louis XIV was an Absolute Ruler?
4、“Ltat,eest moi”n“I am the state”nLouis view was that he and the state were one in the samenHe became the most powerful ruler in French historyLouis attacks the NobilitynLouis excluded the nobility from the French councilsnHe increased the power of government agents called intendantsnThe intendants c
5、ollected taxes nJean Baptiste Colbert became Louis minister of financenHe wanted to make France self-sufficientnColbert developed the theory of mercantilism:nWanted to export(send goods over seas)more than you import(bring goods in from over seas)Louis Disastrous WarsFrench Military CampaignsnLouis
6、spent his$on military campaigns to expand French boundariesnThese wars almost bankrupted the countrynCountries learned to join together to defeat France War of Spanish Succession The Spanish king left his throne to Louis XIV grandson in 1700nEurope was outraged&worried about the two biggest powers b
7、eing united by blood War of Spanish SuccessionThis war lasted 13 years&France lostLouis lost 3 out of 4 sonsHis grandson will become king of SpainnLouis died in 1715 Louis LegacynWhen Louis died in 1715,people cheered!nMixed legacy:nPositive:France ranked above all other European nations in art&lite
8、rature.Also considered the military leader of EuropenNegative:Constant warfare&the construction of the Palace of Versailles put France into staggering debt.Plus the poor were burdened by high taxesThe Palace of Versailles1.On page 599,explain how Louis XIV controlled the nobility in the Palace?2.Des
9、cribe the most beautiful room in the palace.3.How many acres of gardens&how many fountains were in the Palace?4.Why do you think Louis XIV believed he needed such a large&luxurious palace?Louis XIV Review1.List 4 ways that Louis XIV was an absolutist ruler.ABCD2.Was Louis plan for financing the coun
10、try a good plan or not?3.Read on page 601&explain who was the big winner out of the War of Spanish Succession&why.The Thirty Years WarnCausesnFerdinand II-Holy Roman Emperor(Catholic)forced some Protestant churches to close in Bohemia.nProtestants revolted against Ferdinands policy.nFerdinand sent t
11、roops to punish the protestors.nGerman Protestant princes sent troops to help the protestors.The Thirty Years WarnPhase 1nFerdinands army(Catholics)constantly defeat the Protestants.nThey destroy many German villages.nPhase 2nFrance helps the Protestant nations defeat the Hapsburgs(Ferdinands family)army.nPeace of WestphalianFrance takes German territorynGerman princes are independent of the Holy Roman Empire
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